Introduction: Aim of article was to present perspectives of telemedicine in the field of cardiology in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and methods: Article has descriptive character and present review of literature. Results: Information technology can have the application in the education of students, starting from basic medical sciences up to clinical subjects. Information technologies are used for ECG analysis, 24h ECG Holter monitoring, which detects different rhythm disorders. By developing software packages for electrocardiogram analysis, which can be divided and interpreted by mobile phones, and complete the whole of the patient in the ambulance, specialist, experienced specialists, or even consultations in various illnesses and cities. Image segmentation algorithms have significance in the quantization and diagnostics of anatomic and pathological structures, and 3D representation has an important role in education, topography and clinical anatomy, radiology, pathology, as well as in clinical cardiology itself, especially in the sphere of coronary arteries identification in the multislice computerized angiography of coronary arteries. Interactive video consultations with subspecialists from the state and the region in adult cardiology, adult interventional cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, pediatric invasive and non-invasive cardiology enable better access to heart specialists and subspecialist, accurate diagnosis, better treatment, reduction of mortality, and a significant reduction in costs. Conclusion: Telemedicine by slow steps in entering the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but the potential exists. It is necessary to educate the medical staff, as well as to provide a tempting environment for software engineers. Investing in infrastructure and equipment is imperative, as well as a positive climate for the its implementation.

Introduction: In this paper, we report our experience with a case of primary hydatid cyst involving only the spleen in a 27-year-old sportsman treated by PAIR technique. Case Report: Five years before, a 27-year-old handball player being admitted to our hospital, it was detected the cyst in his spleen which size was 35 x 30 mm in diameter, by abdominal ultrasound during a systematic examination. There was no pain or any other symptoms at that time. Tests on the presence of echinococcus cysts were negative. After a period of 5 years, and regular check-ups, the patient began to feel a dull pain in the left upper quadrant area. The Echinococcus test was again negative. Puncture and aspiration of content was performed and sent to cytological analysis that confirmed the presence of Echinococcus. The CT finding showed the spleen in a normal position, shape, enlarged, 185 mm in longitudinal diameter (splenomegaly), with inhomogeneous parenchyma on the expense of rounded area with hyperdense halo, which did not opacify after contrast, located in the dorsal area of the spleen, 100x98 mm in diameter and which corresponded to the echinococcal cyst in differential diagnosis–clean dense contents (protein / haemorrhagic). Conclusion: The reported case is very specific, considering that handball is contact sport, where it is almost impossible to avoid the physical contact between players, which is sometimes even rough. Due to rough contacts, spleen trauma is something we should be very aware about, especially in cases of splenomegaly with hydatid cyst, where the spleen rupture might lead to fatal outcome. According to all this, careful follow up of this patient is necessary.

UDK: 630*32:658.53(497.6 Olovo) This paper presents an analysis of full-length method used in the phase of sessile oak felling and sorting works. The aim of the research was to establish time consumption during sessile oak felling and sorting works using full-length processing method. The research was conducted in the area managed by Forest enterprise "Šumsko – privredno društvo Zeničko-dobojskog kantona" Zavidovići, Management unit "Šumarija" Olovo, Forest unit "Krivaja", compartment 112. The sampling method was applied for measuring time consumption of work operations. It was established that the share of effective time in total time was 67.12%, the share of unavoidable delay times was 30.79%, and the share of avoidable delay times was 2.09%. Time consumption of tree felling and processing was strongly affected from tree diameter at the breast height (R2=0.656). The achieved results will be used for further research on this topic, which has been unduly neglected in the past few years in the BH forestry. Further research would certainly include ergonomics, economy of work procedures, occupational safety and environmental consequences of forestry work.

UDK: 630*56(497.6) The paper displays research results of volume increment size of main tree species, fir, beech and spruce within mixed forests of beech, fir and spruce on limestone and dolomites in Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina (FBiH). Fir and beech forests along with the spruce represent the most important part of forest resources in BiH. As LOJO (2013) points out, around 371 000 ha of these forests are located on limestone and dolomites and are selection forests for the most part. Knowledge of laws of changes in size of volume increment of selection stand of trees is necessary for high quality planning of forestry production. The paper explores changes of volume increment sizes especially for following tree species: fir, spruce and beech within mixed stand of trees. Research sample are measured sample plots from 799 mixed stand of trees larger than 40 ha recorded during 11 years' time during the creation of forest management plans. Stands of trees in which control recordings were conducted for the purpose of reliability of data were taken as a sample. Multiple regression models for estimation of volume increment size of fir, spruce and beech including two models for each species of trees. Models used for volume increment size estimation of mixed forest in optimal - normal state and models used for determination of volume increment that is as accurate as possible when the size of multiple independent factors that affect change in volume increment size are known. This paper explores dependence of change of volume increment on: site class expressed through average height of trees whose diameter is 50 cm, share of species of trees in the stand volume, degree of coverage of the ground with crowns of trees of medium diameter in stand of trees which was calculated based on the basal area of species of trees and share of deciduous trees in the stand of trees volume. For more precise model size of basal area of species of trees in stand of trees and average altitude were used.

‘Ingeborg’ is currently the main commercial pear cultivar grown in Norway. However, fruit set and subsequent yields of this cultivar have proven to be variable and overall low averaging 10–20 t·ha. Pear seeds found in ‘Ingeborg’ fruits are often underdeveloped, suggesting that incomplete fertilization might be a major cause of poor fruit set. In some years, sporadically unfavorable environmental conditions during and immediately after pollination inHardanger district, westernNorway, have resulted in poor fruit set of ‘Ingeborg’. In this study, the pollinizer efficacy of several pollinizers, namely ‘Clara Frijs’, ‘Herzogin Elsa’, ‘Anna’, ‘Color ee de Juillet’, and ‘Belle lucrative’, from several orchards located in the Hardanger district was investigated using 12 microsatellite markers for two growing seasons (2014 and 2016). Pollinizer efficacy was estimated by genotyping ‘Ingeborg’, each individual pollinizer, as well as normally developed seeds from ‘Ingeborg’ fruit, and conducting gene assignment analyses to identify the pollen contribution from each of the pollinizer cultivars. In addition, S-allele genotyping was conducted, and only one pollinizer, ‘Anna’, was identified as being semicompatible with ‘Ingeborg’, whereas all other pollinizers were fully compatible. ‘Clara Frijs’ and ‘Belle lucrative’ were identified as the most efficient pollinizers probably because these cultivars were abundant compared with all other pollinizers within all, but one of the examined orchards. Higher yields could not be attributed to a particular pollinizer, and genetic effects associated with the triploid nature of ‘Ingeborg’ are most likely implicated as a cause behind the low and variable yield of this cultivar. BP 10273 pear (‘Conference’ · ‘Bonne Louise’) was bred at SLU Balsg ard (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), and after evaluation in Western Norway, it was named ‘Ingeborg’ in 1994 (Hjeltnes and Ystaas, 1993). This cultivar has become the most widely planted commercial pear variety grown in Norway, including the Hardanger district, western Norway. ‘Ingeborg’ is a triploid (3x) and is believed to be the result of fertilization of an unreduced diploid (2n) egg cell from ‘Conference’ with a haploid (n) pollen cell from ‘Bonne Louise’ (Sehic et al., 2012). Although ‘Ingeborg’ possesses good pomological traits that are highly desirable to Norwegians, fruit set and subsequent yields of this cultivar tend to be erratic and significantly lower than other pear varieties grown in Norway (Meland and Frøynes, 2014). Yields vary significantly between different orchards in the Hardanger region within any one growing season and parthenocarpy may play a role. Seeds extracted from ‘Ingeborg’ fruits are frequently underdeveloped. Triploids typically have low fertility due to a reproductive barrier whereby three sets of chromosomes cannot be divided evenly during meiosis yielding unbalanced segregation of chromosomes (Phillips et al., 2016). Triploids are typically highly infertile; however, limited fertility and seed production can result from the formation of apomictic embryos or through the union of aneuploid or unreduced gametes (Ramsey and Schemske, 1998). It should be noted that pears, which are auto-incompatible, may have seeds even if they are self-pollinated. Ny eki et al. (1998) found that even during self-pollination, pears can bear fruits, which are a) entirely seedless (parthenocarpic), or b) the seeds were empty or flat without any viable germination, or c) some viable seeds developed at a low rate (0.5% to 2%) in addition to empty seeds. Incompletely formed seeds, low seed number per fruit, or both have reduced sink strength (Weinbaum et al., 2001), which results in lower fruit weight and decreased yields. Self-fertilization in European pears (Pyrus communis L.), similar to other fruit species of the Rosaceae family, is prevented by gametophytic self-incompatibility (Crane and Lewis, 1942). Consequently, interplanting of suitable pollinizer genotypes in pear orchards is essential for fertilization of the ovules, which in itself is necessary for a successful set of an optimum crop load (Webster, 2002). Identifying cross-compatible pear cultivars is traditionally accomplished with testcrosses and more recently using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based S-genotyping (Mota et al., 2007; Quinet et al., 2014; Sanzol, 2009). However, planting cross-compatible pollinizers, which have coincidental flowering time overlap with the main commercial cultivar, does not always guarantee consistently high yields. In addition, environmental variables, such as rainfall, temperature, and cloud cover, may also negatively affect pollinators and the effective pollination period (EPP) (Sanzol and Herrero, 2001). EPP is defined as the difference between the ovule longevity minus the time between pollination and fertilization (Williams, 1965). Because of generally unfavorable environmental conditions for pear pollination during the Nordic spring, ‘Ingeborg’ orchards have been established using multiple pollinizer cultivars. Despite this, yields are often low and erratic in some ‘Ingeborg’ orchards in Hardanger, Norway, and this requires further investigation to identifywhich of the pollinizers is the most effective, both in high and poor yielding orchards. Determining pollen compatibility of individual pollinizers may be accomplished by 1722 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 52(12) DECEMBER 2017 genotyping progeny plants produced by germinating seeds extracted from pear fruits of the main commercial cultivar and using the obtained molecular data to identify the male parent. However, the occurrence of aneuploid seedlings with poor viability, frequent among triploids (Zhang and Park, 2009) such as ‘Ingeborg’, makes the above procedure impractical. Consequently, genetic analyses should be performed on the pear seeds themselves instead of the progeny plants. The seedlings that are produced from seeds will be primarily aneuploids because of unbalanced chromosome segregation in meiosis (Brownfield and Kohler, 2011) with poor viability due to the triploid nature of ‘Ingeborg’. However, limited number of progeny frommaternal triploids could also be diploids (generational reversion) and tetraploids (fertilization from unreduced gametes from one or both parents) (Phillips et al., 2016). Microsatellite markers or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have proven efficient in parent-offspring analyses on pear (Kimura et al., 2003). Although a comparative study has shown that the identification of a highly informative set of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from a large panel showed significantly more accurate individual genetic assignment compared with the combination of SSR loci (Glover et al., 2010), Moore et al. (2014) found that microsatellite markers are accurate genetic markers for genetic assignment, especially in combination with informative SNPs. In the case of plant parentage, pollination and dispersal analyses, and microsatellites with their various limitations remain an important genetic marker (Ashley, 2010). In addition, there are several readily available microsatellite markers at present, developed from either apple (Gianfranceschi et al., 1998; Liebhard et al., 2002) or pear (Fern andezFern andez et al., 2006), that can be used in the genetic analyses of European pear genotypes. In this study, pollination efficacy of several commonly used ‘Ingeborg’ pollinizers in the Hardanger region was investigated using microsatellite markers. To examine the causes of fertilization between Ingeborg vs. all pollinizer cultivars, molecular analyses of S alleles were performed. Materials and Methods The environmental conditions in Ullensvang, a municipality of Hardanger, Norway’s biggest fruit producing region, during flowering were conducive to pollination of ‘Ingeborg’ in 2014 and 2016 (Table 1). Because of the unfavorable climatic conditions in 2015 [low minimum temperatures (<7.3 C) and prolonged heavy rainfall during bloom] that contributed to the low fruit set and insufficient even for research sampling, this year was excluded. Dates of first bloom (BBCH 60), full bloom (80% of blossoms open), and petal fall (80%) (Jackson and Looney, 1999) for ‘Ingeborg’ in six commercial orchards as well as for five pollinizer cultivars during 2014 and 2016 are presented in Table 2, confirming that there was sufficient overlap between all pollinizers and ‘Ingeborg’ in both 2014 and 2016. At harvest, 50 randomly sampled ‘Ingeborg’ fruit were gathered from each of the six commercial orchards. Fruits were cut open and all pear seedswere extracted. Orchard size, yield, and age of the six different orchards are presented in Table 3. Pear producers did not provide beehives for pollination, but neighboring farms that are growing cherries and plums are renting beehives for pollination. The distance between some pear orchards and these beehives was 100 m and more. Molecular and phenology analyses. Tissue samples (leaves) for DNA analyses were collected in the Spring of 2014 from a single tree of the main commercial cultivar (Ingeborg) and from pollinizer genotypes (‘Clara Frijs’, ‘Herzogin Elsa’, ‘Anna’, ‘Color ee de Juillet’, and ‘Belle lucrative’) present in the analyzed orchards. The genomic DNA was isolated from 70 to 80 mg of leaf powder using the CTAB method (Cullings, 1992; Doyle and Doyle, 1987). Extraction and isolation of genomic DNA from pear seeds were conducted according to Padmalatha et al. (2008). As it was impossible to obtain enough high-quality DNA from a single seed for the genetic characterization, well developed seeds collected from each individual orchard were mixed and ground together to obtain a single homogenous sample. Twelve SSR primer pairs (Table 4) were chosen based on their polymorphism observed in a previous study on European pears (Gasi et al., 2013). All PCR reactions were carried out in accordance with the protocol described by Gasi et al. (2013

Abstract Respiratory failure is the predominant cause of death in humans and animals poisoned with anticholinesterases. Organophosphorus and carbamate anticholinesterases inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversibly and reversibly, respectively. Some of them contain a quaternary atom that makes them lipophobic, limiting their action at the periphery, i.e. outside the central nervous system. They impair respiratory function primarily by inducing a desensitization block of nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular synapse. Lipophilic anticholinesterases inhibit the acetylcholinesterase both in the brain and in other tissues, including respiratory muscles. Their doses needed for cessation of central respiratory drive are significantly less than doses needed for paralysis of the neuromuscular transmission. Antagonist of muscarinic receptors atropine blocks both the central and peripheral muscarinic receptors and effectively antagonizes the central respiratory depression produced by anticholinesterases. To manage the peripheral nicotinic receptor hyperstimulation phenomena, oximes as acetylcholinesterase reactivators are used. Addition of diazepam is useful for treatment of seizures, since they are cholinergic only in their initial phase and can contribute to the occurrence of central respiratory depression. Possible involvement of central nicotinic receptors as well as the other neurotransmitter systems – glutamatergic, opioidergic – necessitates further research of additional antidotes.

Introduction: Alimentary toxoinfections represent a significant public health problem. Globalization of the market and food production, significant impoverishment of a large part of the population, and traditional approach with food preparation and consumption, cause a significant increase in the rates of population infections around the world. The epidemiological surveillance of the illness occurrence plays a significant role in monitoring and controlling the population’s burden of diseases caused by unhygienically prepared and stored food. Aim: The aim of the article is to determine the rates and trends of food related diseases in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: The results of the analysis have shown that the rate of illness in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is declining but is still significantly higher than in developed western countries. Particularly great burden is on the population of the Zenica-Doboj Canton (ZDC), which can be due to the traditional relation to the preparation and storage of food, as well as to the relatively poorer economic situation in ZDC. Conclusion: We can conclude that the strengthening of the monitoring system, laboratory capacities, the availability of monitoring guides will enable responsible FBiH/Bosnia and Herzegovina institutions to better control and implement safer food practice.

A two level mathematical model of deformation of polycrystalline metals and alloys with consideration for grain structure refinement is proposed. The fragmentation criterion for a crystallite based on the analysis of accumulated inelastic strain and the current form is given. The moment factors appearing inside the polycrystalline aggregate during inelastic deformation are considered in the description of crystallite fragmentation. The derived modeling results for different loading processes of polycrystalline copper illustrate the capabilities of the proposed model.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the joints (osteoarthritis or arthritis) represents the largest group of rheumatic diseases. Within rheumatic diseases 50% are degenerative rheumatic diseases, 10% inflammatory and 40% extra-articular. Goal: To determine the modalities of physical therapy for elderly with degenerative diseases. Material and methods: The study is retrospective-prospective and descriptive. The survey conducted included 25 patients with degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in Gerontology Center in Sarajevo, from May 1, 2014- April 30, 2015. As research instruments were used: Questionnaire for users of physical therapy in Gerontology Center in Sarajevo, self-developed, visual-analog scale to assess pain and patient records. Results: Of the total number of patients with degenerative diseases (25), 10 (40%) were male and 15 (60%) were female. The most common degenerative disease is knee osteoarthritis which had 11 patients (29%), 3 males and 8 females. From physical therapy modalities in the treatment of degenerative diseases at the Gerontology Center in Sarajevo, kinetic therapy was administered to all patients, followed by manual massage and TENS in 15 cases (60%). From twenty-two patients, who completed a questionnaire, 11 (50%, 2 male and 9 female) rated their health as poor. Seven patients (32%, 3 male and 4 female) assessed their health as good. Three patients (14%, 2 male and 1 female) rated their health as very poor, and one patient (4%, 1 male) rated its health as very good. Conclusion: The Research Physical therapy in elderly with degenerative diseases is a pilot project, which highlights the need for: Conducting research for a longer time period, with a larger sample; Quality of keeping health records; Implementation of a continuous evaluation of functional status and; Stricter control for optimal effectiveness of physical therapy in order to improve the quality of life of elderly patients.

Background: The alarming spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections has been extensively reported in recent medical literature. Aims: To compare trends in antimicrobial consumption and development of resistance among isolates of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that cause hospital infections. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare institution in central Serbia, during the 7-year period between January 2009 and December 2015. The incidence rate of infections caused by Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas, as well as their resistance density to commonly used antibiotics, were calculated. Utilization of antibiotics was expressed as the number of defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days. Results: A statistically significant increase in resistance density in 2015 compared to the first year of observation was noted for Acinetobacter, but not for Pseudomonas, to third-generation cephalosporins (p=0.008), aminoglycosides (p=0.005), carbapenems (p=0.003), piperacillin/tazobactam (p=0.025), ampicillin/sulbactam (p=0.009) and tigecycline (p=0.048). Conclusion: Our study showed that there is an association between the resistance density of Acinetobacter spp. and utilization of carbapenems, tigecycline and aminoglycosides. A multifaceted intervention is needed to decrease the incidence rate of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas hospital infections, as well as their resistance density to available antibiotics.

Introduction Heart rhythm disorders are common in the post-operative period following surgical myocardial revascularization (CABG). The incidence of any type of arrhythmia in the postoperative period can go up to 85%. While most are transient and short-term, it does not lead to deterioration of the postoperative course, in a smaller number of patients they can be predictors of various events that result in fatal outcome. Arrhythmias occur suddenly and need to be recognized and reacted in time. Standard monitoring consists of 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory findings and, if necessary, 24-hour HOLTER monitoring. Persistent arrhythmias increase overall morbidity and mortality, and costs treatments are increasing enormously. Patients and methods The prospective study analyzed patients of all age groups and sexes in whom angiographically coronary arterial disease was confirmed and who underwent surgery CABG. A total of 60 patients were screened during 2016. All age groups of both sexes in whom no rhythm disorders were previously recorded were included in the study. Results A total of 60 patients undergoing CABG were analyzed. The average age of patients was 63.56 8.55 years. The most preoperative factor was hypertension, which was recorded in 53 (88.33%) patients. The higher number of patients was operated using CPB 75.86%. The most commonly performed 3 aorto-coronary by-pass 45 (75%). The most common form of rhythm disorder was POAF, which occurred in 18 (30%) patients. In 24 patients, a change in heart rhythm was observed in the postoperative period in the group of operated ON pump techniques, while in the case of the application of Off pump technique only 5 patients were present, which was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion Preoperative patient preparation and prophylaxis with good anesthesia monitoring and minimal trauma during surgery are the main preconditions for reducing the incidence of postoperative heart rhythm disorders.