The first objective of this study was to examine whether there are achievement goal orientation profile differences regarding enjoyment of swimming. The second objective was to assess which sources of enjoyment differentiate swimmers of different achievement goal orientation profiles. Female (N=128) and male (N=174) swimmers aged 10 to 18 years completed questionnaires of swimming enjoyment, sources of enjoyment in sport (SEYSQ), and achievement goal orientation (TEOSQ). ANOVA revealed that those with high task/high ego, high task/moderate ego and moderate task/low ego profiles have significantly higher levels of enjoyment of swimming as compared to those with low task/moderate ego profiles. Discriminant analysis showed that four groups of swimmers could be described by two discriminant functions. High task/high ego group is placed on the positive side of the function “achievement with intrinsic motivation”. This group Original Research Article Šilić et al.; JESBS, 28(4): 1-12, 2018; Article no.JESBS.46615 2 showed greatest enjoyment of swimming in other-referenced competency and recognition, effort expenditure, self-referenced competency, positive parental involvement and competitive excitement. Low task/moderate ego group significantly stands out on the positive side of the “achievement without effort” function and showed greatest enjoyment only in other-referenced competency and recognition. This research serves as a step towards a better understanding of a conceptual link between goal orientation and sources of enjoyment in young swimmers.

A major challenge in atomic force microscopy is to reduce the scan duration while retaining the image quality. Conventionally, the scan rate is restricted to a sufficiently small value in order to ensure a desirable image quality as well as a safe tip–sample contact force. This usually results in a conservative scan rate for samples that have a large variation in aspect ratio and/or for scan patterns that have a varying linear velocity. In this paper, an adaptive scan scheme is proposed to alleviate this problem. A scan line-based performance metric balancing both imaging speed and accuracy is proposed, and the scan rate is adapted such that the metric is optimized online in the presence of aspect ratio and/or linear velocity variations. The online optimization is achieved using an extremum-seeking approach, and a semiglobal practical asymptotic stability result is shown for the overall system. Finally, the proposed scheme is demonstrated via both simulation and experiment.

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55% of them were persistent smokers, 38% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66% were physically active <30 min 5 times/week. Forty-two per cent had a blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (≥140/85 if diabetic), 71% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L (≥70 mg/dL) and 29% reported having diabetes. Cardioprotective medication was: anti-platelets 93%, beta-blockers 81%, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 75% and statins 80%. Conclusion A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors. A majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets. Cardiovascular prevention requires modern preventive cardiology programmes delivered by interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management, in order to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

Objetivo: identificar, na literatura científica nacional, a assistência de enfermagem na prevenção da violência obstétrica. Metodologia: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre os meses de maio a junho de 2017, nas bases de dados online Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Foram detectados 30 artigos sendo utilizados 09 artigos. Resultados: após a leitura e análise dos artigos, surgiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Medidas de prevenção a violência obstétrica; Experiências com a prevenção da violência obstétrica e Conhecendo os fatores de risco para a violência obstétrica. O enfermeiro buscar em sua assistência o vínculo com a parturiente para proporcionar um parto saudável, evitando assim a violência obstétrica. Conclusão: Para prevenir a violência obstétrica fazse necessário uma assistência de enfermagem e um ambiente que proporcionem a autonomia da mulher gestante.Descritores: Violência; Gravidez; Assistência de Enfermagem.NURSING CARE IN THE PREVENTION OF OBSTETRIC VIOLENCEObjective: to identify, in the national scientific literature, nursing care in the prevention of obstetric violence. Methodology: integrative review of the literature, conducted between May and June 2017, in the online databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). There were 30 articles and 09 articles were used. Results: after reading and analyzing the articles, the following thematic categories emerged: Obstetric violence prevention measures; Experiences with the prevention of obstetric violence and Knowing the risk factors for obstetric violence. The nurse seeks in her assistance the bond with the parturient to provide a healthy delivery, thus avoiding obstetric violence. Conclusion: To prevent obstetric violence, it is necessary to provide nursing care and an environment that provides the autonomy of pregnant women.Descriptors: Violence; Pregnancy; Nursing Care.CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA OBSTÉTRICAObjetivo: identificar, en la literatura científica nacional, la asistencia de enfermería en la prevención de la violencia obstétrica. Metodología: revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada entre los meses de mayo a junio de 2017, en las bases de datos online Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y en la Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). Se han detectado 30 artículos que se utilizan en los artículos. Resultados: después de la lectura y análisis de los artículos, surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas: Medidas de prevención a la violencia obstétrica; Experiencias con la prevención de la violencia obstétrica y Conociendo los factores de riesgo para la violencia obstétrica. El enfermero buscar en su asistencia el vínculo con la parturienta para proporcionar un parto saludable, evitando así la violencia obstétrica. Conclusión: Para prevenir la violencia obstétrica se hace necesaria una asistencia de enfermería y un ambiente que proporcionen la autonomía de la mujer gestante.Descriptores: Violência; Embarazo; Asistencia de Enfermería.

This article discusses the application of thermoelectric (TE) materials in building facade systems, which can be used to create active exterior enclosures. TEs are semiconductors that have the ability to produce a temperature gradient when electricity is applied, exploiting the Peltier effect, or to generate a voltage when exposed to a temperature gradient, utilizing the Seebeck effect. TEs can be used for heating, cooling, or electricity generation. In this research, heating and cooling applications of these novel systems were explored. We designed and constructed two prototypes, where one prototype was used to study integration of TE modules (TEMs) as stand-alone elements in the facade, and one prototype was used to explore integration of TEMs and heat sinks in facade assemblies. Both prototypes were tested for heating and cooling potential, using a thermal chamber to represent four different exterior environmental conditions (-18°C, -1°C, 16°C and 32°C). The interior ambient conditions were kept constant at room temperature. The supplied voltage to facade-integrated TEMs varied from 1 to 8 V. We measured temperature outputs of TEMs for all investigated thermal conditions using thermal imaging, which are discussed in this article. The results indicate that while stand-alone facade-integrated TEMs are not stable, addition of heat sinks improves their performance drastically. Facade-integrated TEMs with heatsinks showed that they would operate well in heating and cooling modes under varying exterior environmental conditions.

This paper describes an approach introducing location intelligence using open-source software components as the solution for planning and construction of the airport infrastructure. As a case study, the spatial information system of the International Airport in Sarajevo is selected. Due to the frequent construction work on new terminals and the increase of existing airport capacities, as one of the measures for more efficient management of airport infrastructures, the development team has suggested to airport management to introduce location intelligence, meaning to upgrade the existing information system with a functional WebGIS solution. This solution is based on OpenGeo architecture that includes a set of spatial data management technologies used to create an online internet map and build a location intelligence infrastructure.

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There has been significant progress in recent years aimed at the development of new analytical techniques for investigating structure-function relationships in hierarchically ordered materials. Inspired by these technological advances and the potential for applying these approaches to the study of construction materials from antiquity, we present a new set of high throughput characterization tools for investigating ancient Roman concrete, which like many ancient construction materials, exhibits compositional heterogeneity and structural complexity across multiple length scales. The detailed characterization of ancient Roman concrete at each of these scales is important for understanding its mechanics, resilience, degradation pathways, and for making informed decisions regarding its preservation. In this multi-scale characterization investigation of ancient Roman concrete samples collected from the ancient city of Privernum (Priverno, Italy), cm-scale maps with micron-scale features were collected using multi-detector energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and confocal Raman microscopy on both polished cross-sections and topographically complex fracture surfaces to extract both bulk and surface information. Raman spectroscopy was used for chemical profiling and phase characterization, and data collected using EDS was used to construct ternary diagrams to supplement our understanding of the different phases. We also present a methodology for correlating data collected using different techniques on the same sample at different orientations, which shows remarkable potential in using complementary characterization approaches in the study of heterogeneous materials with complex surface topographies.

Peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) synthesized in the intestine by enterochromaffin cells (ECs), plays an important role in the regulation of peristaltic of the gut, epithelial secretion and promotes the development and maintenance of the enteric neurons. Recent studies showed that the indigenous gut microbiota modulates 5-HT signalling and that ECs use sensory receptors to detect dietary and microbiota-derived signals from the lumen to subsequently transduce the information to the nervous system. We hypothesized that Clostridium ramosum by increasing gut 5-HT availability consequently contributes to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Using germ-free mice and mice monoassociated with C. ramosum, intestinal cell lines and mouse organoids, we demonstrated that bacterial cell components stimulate host 5-HT secretion and program the differentiation of colonic intestinal stem progenitors toward the secretory 5-HT-producing lineage. An elevated 5-HT level regulates the expression of major proteins involved in intestinal fatty acid absorption in vitro, suggesting that the presence of C. ramosum in the gut promotes 5-HT secretion and thereby could facilitates intestinal lipid absorption and the development of obesity.

Heavy metals disturb the redox homeostasis of the plant cell. The indolamine hormone, melatonin, protects plants from oxidative damage by directly scavenging reactive oxygen species or by stimulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidative role of melatonin in the leaves of two medicinal plants, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) that were treated with increased concentrations of Zn and Cd 24 h after sowing at an open field, were investigated. The plants were treated with Zn, Cd, melatonin and a mixture of melatonin with the mentioned metals. Exogenously added melatonin increased the endogenous melatonin concentration in lemon balm leaves. However, in the valerian leaves, lower or the same endogenous melatonin level was detected. The significantly higher concentration of endogenous melatonin in both plants was measured after treatment with Zn. As the results showed, changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities are species-specific and change depending on the plant development phase, and the type of treatment. Melatonin pretreatment induced alternation in SOD isoenzyme profiles and activities as well as POD activity in both plant species treated with heavy metals.

One of the major causes of ecological and environmental problems comes from the enormous number of discarded waste tires, which is directly connected to the exponential growth of the world’s population. In this paper, previous works carried out on the effects of partial or full replacement of aggregate in concrete with waste rubber on some properties of concrete were investigated. A database containing 457 mixtures with partial or full replacement of natural aggregate with waste rubber in concrete provided by different researchers was formed. This database served as the basis for investigating the influence of partial or full replacement of natural aggregate with waste rubber in concrete on compressive strength. With the aid of the database, the possibility of achieving reliable prediction of the compressive strength of concrete with tire rubber is explored using neural network modelling.