By using the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory, we investigate the stability of two elliptic equilibrium points (zero equilibrium and negative equilibrium) of the difference equation t n + 1 = α t n + β t n 2 − t n − 1 , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , where are t − 1 , t 0 , α ∈ R , α ≠ 0 , β > 0 . By using the symmetries we find the periodic solutions with some periods. Finally, some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical results.

The clinical appliance of perfusion is being continuously developed and it is closely related to technology development. The role of perfusion neuroimaging in the management of acute stroke has been to prove reduced regional blood flow and to give the contribution in the identification of ischemic areas, respectively the regions of hypoperfusion that can be treated by thrombolytic and/or endovascular recanalization therapy. There are two main approaches to the measurement of cerebral perfusion by magnetic resonance. The aim of this article is to compare different measuring approaches of MR perfusion neuroimaging.

ABSTRACT HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has shown great promise in reducing HIV transmission among affected populations; however, PrEP uptake among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) has stalled. This study compares BMSM using PrEP and BMSM at risk for HIV not using PrEP based on differences in behavior, psychosocial conditions and the presence of a syndemic (n = 1,411). BMSM reporting PrEP use were significantly more likely to report three of five HIV risk behaviors and three of four psychosocial conditions. Odds of reporting PrEP use increased as the number of psychosocial conditions increased such that BMSM with three psychosocial conditions (AOR = 5.65, 95% CI: 3.17, 10.08) and four conditions (AOR = 18.34, 95% CI: 5.01, 67.20) demonstrated significantly greater odds of PrEP use compared to BMSM reporting one or less conditions. While BMSM at greatest risk are using PrEP, strategies are still needed for men at varying risk levels.

This factsheet which is part of a report by the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) entitled “The Unpaid Health Bill – How coal power plants in the Western Balkans make us sick” provides an assessment of the health impacts and costs associated with air pollution from coal and lignite combustion at existing power stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It also estimates the costs for planned plants.

Biofilms have become a major issue in different spheres of medicine and industry. Source of the issue revolves around increasing resistance of microorganisms towards conventional antibiotics which is even more elevated within biofilms that are difficult to eradicate by means of biocides and antibiotics. Multiple approaches were applied to deal with this issue amongst which green nanotechnology gave promising results and the search for molecules that “freeze bacteria” in the planktonic state. Since silver was used as an antimicrobial agent since ancient times. Considering this a study which deals with the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles on biofilm forming capacity of bacteria would yield valuable information to evaluate the effect these substances have on the phenotypical expression of biofilm formation in bacteria as potential biofilm gene expression

The problem of irregular sitting position of pupils during classes in schools occurs in everyday life, depending on the use of a workbench, which results in deepening the problems of a spinal column loading. Spinal load analysis was performed by a software simulation depending on a seating position in the school bench. Processing the data in Excel, the current utilization of the workbench surface was determined and then a new design offered. The results of the work offer a completely new design of the school bench with a special emphasis on the surface of the workbench, as well as the optimum seating position for pupils during classes, resulting in spinal relief and an increased seating comfort.

Today's industrial automation systems are undergoing a digital transformation that implies a shift towards the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm. Existing Industrial Automated Control Systems (IACS), enriched with a potentially large number of IoT devices are expected to make systems more efficient, flexible, provide intelligence, and ultimately enable autonomous control. In general, the majority of such systems come with high level of criticality that calls for well-established methods and approaches when achieving cybersecurity, preferably prescribed by a standard. IEC 62443 is an industrial standard that provides procedures to manage risks related to cybersecurity threats in IACS. Given the new IIoT paradigm, it is likely that existing standards are not sufficiently aligned with the challenges related to developing and maintaining cybersecurity in such systems. In this paper we review the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard in IIoT contexts and discuss potential challenges the process owners might encounter. Our analysis underlines that some areas within the standard could prove difficult to reach compliance with. In particular, handling of cross zone communication and software updates require additional guidance.

Today's industrial automation systems are undergoing a digital transformation that implies a shift towards the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm. Existing Industrial Automated Control Systems (IACS), enriched with a potentially large number of IoT devices are expected to make systems more efficient, flexible, provide intelligence, and ultimately enable autonomous control. In general, the majority of such systems come with high level of criticality that calls for well-established methods and approaches when achieving cybersecurity, preferably prescribed by a standard. IEC 62443 is an industrial standard that provides procedures to manage risks related to cybersecurity threats in IACS. Given the new IIoT paradigm, it is likely that existing standards are not sufficiently aligned with the challenges related to developing and maintaining cybersecurity in such systems. In this paper we review the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard in IIoT contexts and discuss potential challenges the process owners might encounter. Our analysis underlines that some areas within the standard could prove difficult to reach compliance with. In particular, handling of cross zone communication and software updates require additional guidance.

Over the past few decades, the automotive industry was mostly focused on testing the safety aspects of a vehicle. However, this was not the case with security testing as it only began to be addressed recently. As a result, multiple approaches applying various security testing techniques on different software-based vehicle IT components emerged. With that said, the research and practice lack an overview about these techniques. In this paper, we conduct a systematic mapping study. This involved the investigation on the following five dimensions: (1) security testing techniques, (2) AUTOSAR layers, (3) functional interfaces of AUTOSAR, (4) vehicle lifecycle phases and (5) attacks. In total, 39 papers presenting approaches for security testing in automotive engineering were systematically selected and classified. The results identify multiple security testing techniques focusing on early phases of vehicle life cycle through the application and services layer of the AUTOSAR architecture. Finally, there is a need for security regression testing approaches, as well as combined security and safety testing approaches.

The crisis of state cultural institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina that started in 2010 peaked with the closure of the National Museum in 2012. The crisis exposed the fragmentation that was taking place within Sarajevo’s cultural elite and the increasing gap between the former state cultural institutions and the civil sector. This paper examines the entanglement between the memory of the siege of Sarajevo and the fractioning within Sarajevo’s cultural elite through Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital and social distinctions, using the examples of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sarajevo Film Festival.