Ksanten turevleri, dogal, yari sentetik ve sentetik kokenli olabilen siklik, organik bilesikleri temsil eder. Bu bilesikler, antibakteriyel, antiviral ve antienflamatuar ozellikler gibi cesitli farmakolojik aktiviteler nedeniyle dikkat cekmektedirler. Ayrica, ilaca direncli losemi hatlari icin ve fotodinamik tedavide antagonistler olarak kullanilmaktadirlar. Ayrica lazer teknolojisinde boyalar ve biyomolekullerin gorsellestirilmesi icin pH'a duyarli floresan malzemeler olarak uygulanirlar. Veteriner hekimlik alaninda yeni hastaliklar nedeniyle, bu bilesiklerin uygulanmasi cok faydali olabilir ve literaturde Veteriner arastirma alanindaki benzer bilesiklerin aktivitesi aciklanmaktadir. Bu derlemede ksanten turevlerinin antibakteriyel, antifungal, antihelmintik, antiprotozoal, antikanserojenik ve antidiyabetik aktivite gibi en onemli aktiviteleri ve etki mekanizmalari sunulmustur.

A hollow electric heating cylinder is inserted inside a thermo-insulating cylindrical body of larger diameter, together representing a single cylindrical heating element. Three cylindrical heating elements, with an independent electrical source, are arranged alternately one after the other to form a heating duct. The internal diameters of the hollow heating cylinders are different, and the cylinders are arranged from the largest to the smallest in the nanofluid’s flow direction. Through these hollow heating cylinders passes nanofluid, which is thereby heated. The material of the hollow heating cylinders is a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) heating source, which allows maintaining approximately constant temperatures of the cylinders’ surfaces. The analytical analysis used three temperatures of the hollow heating cylinders of 400 K, 500 K, and 600 K. The temperatures of the heating cylinders are varied for each of the three cylindrical heating elements. In the same arrangement, the inner diameters of the hollow cylinders are set to 15 mm, 11 mm, and 7 mm in the nanofluid’s flow direction. The basis of the analytical model is the entransy flow dissipation rate. Furthermore, a new dimension irreversibility ratio is introduced as the ratio between entransy flow dissipation and thermal-generated entropy. This paper provides a suitable basis for optimizing the geometric and process parameters of cylindrical heating elements. An optimization criterion can be maximizing the new dimensionless irreversibility ratio, which implies minimizing thermal entropy and maximizing entransy flow dissipation.

Kao rezultat socijalnog utjecaja, fenomen konformizma se može pojaviti u malim grupama, ali i u čitavom društvu kao čin upoređivanja stavova, uvjerenja i ponašanja s normama grupe. Premda samo postojanje društva podrazumijeva postojanje određenog stepena konformizma u vidu popuštanja zahtjevima većine, praćenja trendova i zajedničkih aktivnosti u svrhu napretka čovječanstva, fenomen konformizma istraživački je zanimljiv obično u slučajevima kada podrazumijeva odstupanje pojedinca od vlastitih vrijednosti, stavova, mišljenja i procjena kako bi se priklonio većini, bilo radi toga što sam nije siguran u ispravnost svoje procjene ili pak ne želi ugroziti svoj položaj u određenoj socijalnoj grupi.  Ne postoji jedno, općeprihvaćeno, objašnjenje konformizma. Jedni autori ga određuju kao svako usvajanje grupnih normi, a drugi kao mijenjanje ponašanja uslijed zamišljenog ili stvarnog pritiska grupe. No, mijenjaju li pojedinci svoje mišljenje pod uticajem socijalne sredine ili pak odustaju od vlastitih stavova samo izvana, a privatno zadržavaju svoja uvjerenja? Kakve nedostatke imaju dosadašnja istraživanja konformizma i kako je konformizan ispitivan na našim prostorima i u svijetu, problem je kojim se bavimo u ovom radu. Cilj rada je prikazati historijat i razvoj istraživanja konformizma, od pionirskih radova Sherifa i Ascha do danas, pritom (prateći) dobivene rezultate smjestiti u historijski i društveni okvir.

Andalužanska gramatička škola je jedna u nizu gramatičkih škola koja je obogatila lingvistiku arapskog jezika i ostavila neizbrisiv trag na njen dalji razvoj. Nakon dolaska Arapa u Andaluziju, a zbog specifičnog geografskog položaja, javila se potreba za izučavanjem arapskog jezika i svih disciplina vezanih za njega. Iako su živjeli daleko od naučnih centara na arapskom Istoku, Andalužani su postali prepoznatljivi po svojim karakterističnim stavovima i svojim komentarima brojnih kapitalnih djela, ali i djelima koja su nastajala u Granadi, Kordobi i Sevilji koja su u velikoj mjeri obogatili arapsku biblioteku. Rad predstavlja okolnosti u kojima je nastala ova škola, navodi najznačajnije karakteristike i stavove ove škole, kao i najznačajnije protagoniste Andalužanske škole i njihov doprinos razvoju gramatike arapskog jezika uopće.

Problem ovog istraživanja obuhvata emocionalnu kompetentnost nastavnika, a cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje značaja i veličine uticaja spola, vrste nastave, starosne dobi i dužine radnog staža nastavnika na nivo njihove emocionalne kompetentnosti. Istraživanje je obavljeno Upitnikom UEK-45 na uzorku od 225 nastavnika osnovne i srednje škole s područja Unsko-sanskog kantona, a po nacrtu spada u komparativna istraživanja, retrospektivno-prospektivnog tipa. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali postojanje razlika u aritmetičkim sredinama ukupnog rezultata i rezultata na subskalama upitnika UEK-45 s obzirom na kriterijske varijable spola, vrste nastave, starosne dobi i dužine radnog staža nastavnika. Testiranjem značajnosti ovih razlika t-testom i Analizom varijanse (ANOVA) potvrđena je značajnost razlika: s obzirom na vrstu nastave na subskali uočavanja i razumijevanja emocija (URE), s obzirom na starosnu dob na subskali regulacije i upravljanja emocijama (RUE) među ispitanicima starosne dobi 25–34 godine i onih sa 45 i više godina, te na subskali izražavanja i imenovanja emocija (IIE) s obzirom na razliku starosne dobi i dužine radnog staža između nastavnika s ovom razlikom u intervalu 25–34 godine i onih s ovom razlikom od 45 i više godina.

Background: The 17q21.31 band is one of the most structurally complex and evolutionarily dynamic region of the genome. Frequencies of two SNPs: rs9468 and rs1800547 determine worldwide distribution of H1 and H2 haplotypes. Recent studies have demonstrated that H2 haplotype is ancestral in hominoids and under positive selection in European populations. The role of non-inverted orientation (H1 haplotype) and inverted orientation (H2) remains unclear, i.a. it is suggested that mothers who are H1H2 heterozygotes, tend to have more children than H2H2 homozygotes on average. Materials and methods: We investigated the prevalence of haplotypes of the 17q21 inversion in 154 women with pregnancy loss and 154 mothers with at last one live-born child, mean age: 33.0 (±5.4) y/o and 31.4 (±6.7) y/o, respectively. Following DNA extraction from buccal swabs, the genotyping was performed. All tests were performed using the R CRAN statistical software. Haplotypes were compared between groups. Results: In women with and without pregnancy loss we identified: 74.7% and 79.2% H1H1, 24.0% and 17.5% H1H2 and 1.3% and 3.3% H2H2 of haplotypes, respectively. There were no significant differences between the distributions of haplotypes in women with and without pregnancy loss. Statistically significant difference between the average number of children in women with H1H2 haplotype (navg. = 1.54) compared to women with H2H2 haplotype (navg. = 1.29), was not found. Conclusion: Haplotype H2 of the 17q21.31 inversion was not linked to pregnancy loss and number of children in Bosnian women.

The post-war period (1996 to presence) in the Western Balkans is colored by a kind of competition among (pseudo) scientists and self-proclaimed experts in search for the deepest roots of a particular ethnic group. General conclusions have been reached based of the distribution of a single or only few genetic markers, with no reference to the specific pheno-genotype system studied. The conclusions were all biased by earlier misconceptions and myths about the successive colonization of the Balkans and the inter-genetic relationships among regional populations. In this paper we elaborate methodology and limitations and misconceptions that arise from unsubstantiated use thereof.

© The Author 2020. Published by ARDA. Abstract The effectiveness of a firm mostly depends on the capability of the managers to obtain flexible credits for the implementation of sustainable innovations. The aim of this study is focused on the impact of access to credit on process innovations in SMEs. Data from the manufacturing and the service sectors of the economies of Africa and the Middle East are collected from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey database. The survey employs random sampling to select firms in each country and they are stratified based on the number of employees. The sampled observations are scaled down from 136,887 to 33,977 firms covering 53 countries due to the scope of this research. The factors of access to credit are the independent variables of this research: the working capital from a commercial bank, overdraft facility, lines of credit, external auditing of accounts, and working capital from suppliers. The dependent variable is process innovation. The results show that there are significance levels of p-values below 1% although some of the Pearson correlation coefficients of the independent variables with the dependent variable are not too high. The factors of access to credit used in the regression model have a significant impact on process innovation. The findings from the analysis help the policy directions of managers.