The aim of this study was to examine the effect of combining a low-glycemic index carbohydrate diet with structured strength training on the morphological characteristics of recreational participants. The sample included 16 subjects (8 men and 8 women), aged 19 to 50. The program lasted an average of 87.56 days. Participants followed a low-glycemic dietary regimen six days per week, with a free-choice diet on the seventh day. Strength training was conducted five times per week in the afternoon and consisted of a warm-up, main workout, and cooldown. Morphological measurements were performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-587) and a standard tailor's measuring tape. The results showed statistically significant improvements (p < .05) in all monitored parameters, including reductions in body weight, body fat percentage, circumferences, and metabolic age, as well as an increase in total body water. Sex-based analysis revealed that, aside from differences in height and metabolic rate (favoring males), there were no statistically significant differences in progress, suggesting similar program effectiveness across genders. The combination of a low-glycemic index diet and structured strength training can produce significant improvements in body composition among recreational exercisers, regardless of sex.

The post-World War II reconstruction of Europe includes the extensive construction of large number of multi-story residential buildings. At the beginning, mostly masonry buildings were built, typically with semi-prefabricated floor structures. However, since 1960s, reinforced concrete (RC) structural systems became predominant. The Balkan Peninsula and the former Yugoslavia lie within a seismically active zone of Southeastern Europe, where seismic analysis is a part of everyday structural engineering design. Buildings erected 50 to 70 years ago generally do not comply with contemporary design codes, particularly seismic ones. Their analysis presents a particular challenge for structural engineers due to many unknowns, starting with material properties, construction methods, and often some geometric data. his issue has been discussed using examples of typical multi-story buildings constructed in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the mid-1950s to the early 1980s. These include masonry buildings with walls made of solid brick and high-rise buildings with R.C: walls and slabs. Analyses showed that a regular structural system plays a key role in order to achieve good seismic performance.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected people’s lifestyles, particularly influencing existing chronic conditions such as hypertension. It is estimated that 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 worldwide have hypertension. In addition to its impact on blood pressure levels, the pandemic also affected the quality of life and mental health of hypertensive patients. Mental health among individuals with chronic diseases who have recovered from COVID-19 is an important and complex issue. Research indicates that these patients are at a considerably higher risk of developing anxiety, depression, and PTSD, as well as experiencing deterioration of their underlying conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of independent factors on the mental health score using the SF-36 questionnaire among hypertensive patients who recovered from COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected primary healthcare centers across four cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). The study included a total of 240 patients, randomly selected from those diagnosed with hypertension who had recovered from COVID-19 (experimental group, n = 120). The control group consisted of 120 participants who had recovered from COVID-19 but did not have hypertension. The European SF-36 questionnaire was used for longitudinal self-assessment of health status in patients with various chronic conditions. Results: The analysis of independent factors affecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic showed poorer mental health outcomes among older, single participants with higher educational attainment. In relation to COVID-19 treatment, patients who had been hospitalized or treated in Intensive Care Units and who experienced cardiac complications exhibited worse mental health scores. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a statistically significant higher likelihood of poorer mental health among hypertensive patients who had contracted COVID-19.

Background: Posterior pericardiotomy has been proposed to prevent postoperative pericardial effusion and tamponade in coronary artery bypass grafting, but its effect on pleural fluid accumulation during off-pump CABG (OPCAB) is not well defined. Objective: To compare intraoperative metrics and early postoperative outcomes—particularly rates of pleural and pericardial effusions—between OPCAB with and without posterior pericardiotomy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, 68 patients underwent OPCAB from January to March 2025 and were stratified into pericardiotomy (n = 38) and control (n = 30) groups. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction, operative time, and graft count were recorded. Postoperative outcomes included incidence of pericardial and pleural effusions (confirmed by echocardiography or chest radiography), new-onset atrial fibrillation (within seven days), chest-tube drainage volume, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Groups were similar in age (mean 66.5 ± 7.1 years), sex, and major comorbidities, though peripheral artery disease and multi-vessel coronary disease were more prevalent in the pericardiotomy group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017). Operative time and ICU stay did not differ significantly. Mediastinal drainage was higher after pericardiotomy (861 ± 551 vs. 764 ± 347 mL; p = 0.03). Pericardial effusion rates were low and comparable (10.5% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.72), and no tamponade occurred. Pleural effusions were significantly more frequent with pericardiotomy (42.1% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.001). Atrial fibrillation incidence and in-hospital mortality were similar between groups. Conclusions: Posterior pericardiotomy in OPCAB effectively prevents clinically significant pericardial effusion and tamponade, though it redirects fluid into the pleural space, increasing pleural effusion rates. These effusions are manageable with routine drainage and do not prolong recovery. Prospective studies should further define patient selection and long-term implications.

Background/Aim: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon, Aiton) extracts are widely utilised in dietary supplements due to their rich content of polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are associated with antioxidative and antimicrobial activities. However, commercial products often lack detailed phytochemical characterisation, raising concerns about efficacy and stability, especially in the presence of additives such as vitamin C. This study aimed to characterise the polyphenolic content of a commercial dry cranberry extract by quantifying its anthocyanins and PACs using both the 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) and modified Bate-Smith assays to explore potential stabilising agents for improved extract stability. Methods: Anthocyanins and vitamin C were quantified using HPLC-DAD. PACs were quantified using two complementary colorimetric methods: DMAC (with catechin chloride as standard) and a modified Bate-Smith method (with procyanidin B2 standard). Antioxidative activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays. Literature-based evaluation of succinate and glutamate was conducted to assess their potential as polyphenol stabilisers. Results: Five major anthocyanins were identified, with total content of 9.95 mg/g. PAC content was determined as 53.57 % via DMAC and 36.31 % via Bate-Smith, underscoring the impact of method selection. Antioxidant assays confirmed strong activity (IC50 = 110 µg/mL ABTS, 92.85 µg/mL DPPH). Vitamin C content was low (1.2 mg/g), consistent with extract maturity. Literature suggests that succinate, due to its diacidic nature, may provide enhanced stabilisation compared to other additives. Conclusion: Analysed cranberry extract was rich in bioactive polyphenols and exhibited significant antioxidant potential. The comparison of analytical methods highlights the need for standard harmonisation. Stabilisation strategies such as succinate addition should be further evaluated to enhance the shelf-life and efficacy of cranberry-based nutraceuticals.

Background: The oncogenic potential of HPV remains a major global public health challenge and various natural therapeutics are being investigated to prevent cancer. The natural components of the Alchemilla vulgaris plant have various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer effects. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to bioinformatically examine the potential inhibitory effect of A. vulgaris compounds on the HPV target protein. Methods: The structures of quercetin, catechin, apigenin, luteolin, caffeic and gallic acid were taken from the PubChem database, and the protein structure of the target HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein (PDB ID: 4XR8) from the Protein Data Bank. Virtual screening and docking analysis were performed in AutoDock Vina. Protein-ligand complexes were visualized using Discovery Studio. The molecular dynamics simulation of 4XR8 in complex with quercetin was performed using Desmond. Results: Docking analysis showed that quercetin has the strongest binding affinity with 4XR8 (quercetin -8.9 kcal/mol, apigenin -8.7 kcal/mol, luteolin -8.7 kcal/mol, catechin -8.4 kcal/mol, caffeic acid -7.3 kcal/mol, gallic acid -6.8 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation results reinforce the stability and strong binding affinity of quercetin within the HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein. Conclusion: Natural components of Alchemilla vulgaris, especially quercetin, have shown promising potential for the treatment of HPV infection and additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for their further research.

Accurate estimation of wheat yield is essential for ensuring food security, especially given wheat’s role in providing around 20 % of global calories and protein. Traditional yield estimation often relies on manual counting of wheat ears, a method that is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and impractical for large-scale production. To address these limitations, modern agriculture is increasingly turning to advanced technologies such as remote sensing, drones, and machine learning, which enable more efficient and precise monitoring of crop growth and yield potential.In this context, the present study introduces an automated ear-counting approach that applies machine learning to high-resolution images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Drone imagery was collected during the late growth stage from 15 wheat fields in Bosnia and Herzegovina and processed at a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels. Images were manually annotated to mark regions containing wheat ears, resulting in a curated dataset of 556 high-resolution images. For detection, state-of-the-art models including Faster R-CNN, YOLOv8, and RT-DETR were used. While lower-quality images slightly reduced detection accuracy, overall model performance remained strong. This research demonstrates the value of combining UAV-based imaging with machine learning to modernise agricultural practices, offering an efficient, scalable solution for yield prediction and supporting greater sustainability and competitiveness in wheat production.

Industry 4.0 represents a new chapter in the development of manufacturing systems, where digitalization, automation, and the application of advanced technologies become key drivers of competitiveness. The textile industry, traditionally characterized by manual processes, is undergoing a profound transformation through the integration of next-generation robotics. This paper analyzes the significance and impact of robotic implementation within the Industry 4.0 framework on process efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability in textile production. Special attention is given to the application of collaborative and autonomous robots, which enable smart work organization, optimized transport and storage, and adaptive production flow management. The study highlights both the benefits brought by the adoption of advanced robotic systems and the challenges encountered during their implementation, such as the need for digital competencies among the workforce and high investment costs. Through the analysis of current trends and examples of good practice, the paper points to key development directions aimed at enhancing innovation, sustainability, and global competitiveness of the textile sector. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of a strategic approach and continuous investment in new technologies to ensure a successful transition toward the smart factory of the future.

This paper presents a procedure for probabilistic analysis of joint load carrying capacity as a randomly variable quantity on the example of a cylindrical press fit joint of a bronze ring with teeth and a worm gear hub. By fitting the set of results obtained by a series of FEM simulations for characteristic values of input parameters (interference and material characteristics), the coefficients of a second-order multidimensional polynomial as a "response surface" for the output quantity - joint load carrying capacity were determined. By MC simulation, generating random parameters according to the known laws of statistical distributions and evaluating the previously obtained higher-order polynomial, a statistical set was obtained, the processing of which determines the distribution parameters of the randomly variable output quantity. The described procedure is applicable to a wide class of probabilistic design problems that are analyzed using FEM analysis.

The main aim of this study is to measure the indoor gamma and beta radiation dose rates in the areas of Banovici and Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their dependence on meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and air humidity). During the research, emphasis was placed on measuring doses in private residential buildings. Using the Gamma-Scout device, gamma and beta radiation dose rates were measured inside the residential buildings. Annual effective doses were estimated, as well as the excess lifetime cancer risk resulting from gamma and beta radiation. The average estimated annual effective dose of gamma radiation in the Banovici and Zivinice areas was 1.09 ? 0.20 mSv, and also for gamma + beta radiation, it was 1.14 ? 0.19 mSv. The excess lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to gamma radiation indoors was estimated to be (4.25 ? 0.77)?10-3, while this risk from exposure to gamma + beta radiation was estimated to be (4.47 ? 0.75)?10-3.