ABSTRACT The information age has led to extensive personal data aggregation, posing various challenges for posthumous privacy and digital remains. Users are often unaware of tools for managing their digital remains, laws in the area are predominantly silent or inadequate, and the scholarship has argued for appropriate legal and technological solutions. Our study of 1766 adult UK residents’ attitudes, the first in the UK, reveals a desire for control over digital remains but low awareness and utilisation of existing tools. These phenomena are known in the literature as ‘the posthumous privacy paradox’ and ‘the inverted posthumous privacy paradox’ – our data and findings offer strong evidence for future policy and law reform. Based on our findings, complemented by earlier theoretical and doctrinal research, our recommendations include law reforms in data protection, recognition of online tools for managing digital remains and a more comprehensive UK and EU-wide reform that encompasses several relevant areas of law.

Future wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems will integrate both sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands to meet the growing demands for high data rates. MIMO link establishment typically requires accurate channel estimation, which is particularly challenging at mmWave frequencies due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we propose two novel deep learning-based methods for estimating mmWave MIMO channels by leveraging out-of-band information from the sub-6 GHz band. The first method employs a convolutional neural network (CNN), while the second method utilizes a UNet architecture. We compare these proposed methods against deep-learning methods that rely solely on in-band information and with other state-of-the-art out-of-band aided methods. Simulation results show that our proposed out-of-band aided deep-learning methods outperform existing alternatives in terms of achievable spectral efficiency.

The application of additive manufacturing technologies for producing parts from polymer composite materials has gained significant attention due to the ability to create fully functional components that leverage the advantages of both polymer matrices and fiber reinforcements while maintaining the benefits of additive technology. Polymer composites are among the most advanced and widely used composite materials, offering high strength and stiffness with low mass and variable resistance to different media. This study aims to experimentally investigate the impact of selected process parameters, namely, wall thickness, raster angle, printing temperature, and build plate temperature, on the flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide (CFrPA) fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed samples, as per ISO 178 standards. Additionally, regression and artificial neural network (ANN) models have been developed to predict these flexural properties. ANN models are developed for both normal and augmented inputs, with the architecture and hyperparameters optimized using random search technique. Response surface methodology (RSM), which is based on face centered composite design, is employed to analyze the effects of process parameters. The RSM results indicate that the raster angle and build plate temperature have the greatest impact on the flexural properties, resulting in an increase of 51% in the flexural modulus. The performance metrics of the optimized RSM and ANN models, characterized by low MSE, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE values and high R2 values, suggest that these models provide highly accurate and reliable predictions of flexural strength and modulus for the CFrPA material. The study revealed that ANN models with augmented inputs outperform both RSM models and ANN models with normal inputs in predicting these properties.

This paper introduces affordance-based explanations of robot navigational decisions. The rationale behind affordance-based explanations draws on the theory of affordances, a principle rooted in ecological psychology that describes potential actions the objects in the environment offer to the robot. We demonstrate how affordances can be incorporated into visual and textual explanations for common robot navigation and path-planning scenarios. Furthermore, we formalize and categorize the concept of affordance-based explanations and connect it to existing explanation types in robotics. We present the results of a user study that shows participants to be, on average, highly satisfied with visual-textual, i.e., multimodal, affordance-based explanations of robot navigation. Furthermore, we investigate the complexity of different types of textual affordance-based explanations. Our research contributes to the expanding domain of explainable robotics, focusing on explaining robot actions in navigation.

This paper aims to examine the lightfastness of yellow water-based ink using a light-accelerated aging chamber. Mondy Maestro Print uncoated offset paper (120 g/m²) was used as printing substrate. The printing was carried out on an inkjet printing machine using water-based inks, and the light exposure was tested within the Solarbox climate chamber. The study was conducted through the analysis of colour differences, as well as changes in chroma and lightness, across light, mid and dark tonal patches, as well as the paper substrate. It is hypothesised that the paper substrate will influence the tonal patches through its changes, and that the colour differences will be greater with higher tonal coverage. Experimental results obtained throught spectrophotometric measurements indicate significant color differences. It was found that the paper substrate, through its alterations, influenced the yellow tonal patches. Furthermore, higher tonal coverage resulted in more pronounced colour changes. An exception was observed in the 70% tonal value (TV), which exhibited greater changes compared to the solid patch. These studies are crucial for better understanding of the application and efficiency of this type of ink in the graphic arts industry.

<p style="text-align: justify;">The top topic of the 21st century is hydrogen. Europe has adopted goals for a clean industry and established a century-long timeline for implementing its plans. This fact places hydrogen technologies in a civilizational dimension equal to regional values. The decarbonization of industry, transport, and energy is locked in. As things stand now, the key to success lies in hydrogen technology. There are no more scientific discoveries that represent civilizational breakthroughs. Science and scientific research are now playing a role similar to medical rehabilitation. The world, or civilization, is like an ailing patient for whom science is the only cure.The solution lies in renewable energy sources, and in the end, about 40% of the decarbonization effort remains dependent on green hydrogen. All other options are transformative, while the final transition relies on the development of hydrogen technologies or a hydrogen economy. Energy agreements are one of the fundamental prerequisites or signposts on the transition map. Within the broader European plan aimed at reducing the negative impact of greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency, the goal is to achieve a clean industry, energy, and transport without a carbon footprint. Is this possible?</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The convergence of advanced materials science and circular economy principles is redefining the future of sustainable engineering. This paper explores the transformative role of biocomposites, nanomaterials, and smart materials in minimizing environmental impact and fostering resource-efficient production systems. By integrating these materials into industrial processes, manufacturers can significantly enhance product durability, recyclability, and energy efficiency. A critical aspect of this transition lies in the redesign of production chains, aligning them with circular economy frameworks to reduce waste, extend product lifecycles, and create closed-loop systems. Through a multidisciplinary lens, this study examines the synergy between material innovation and circular economy strategies, offering insights into how engineering advancements can mitigate environmental footprints while fostering economic resilience. By embracing cutting-edge technologies and sustainable design principles, industries can pave the way for a future where efficiency, adaptability, and ecological responsibility are seamlessly integrated into manufacturing ecosystems.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The progress of modern society is directly linked to advancements and innovations in information and communication technologies. The new economic and social opportunities that are part of this progress have transformed the urban landscape and led to the emergence of smart cities. Residential buildings, vehicles, and social systems strive to achieve complete connectivity known as the "Internet of Things" (IoT). The use of the IoT in smart cities generates a massive amount of data that must be collected and analyzed. To do this effectively, artificial intelligence (AI) applications are used, as they are the only ones capable of processing such large volumes of data from various sources. Through AI algorithms, it is possible to continuously monitor data, analyze it, optimize resource usage, simplify decision-making, and facilitate the resolution of key urban life challenges in smart cities. This paper explores the ways in which the integration of AI and IoT can contribute to the improvement of various urban aspects. The primary focus of the paper is to highlight the transformative potential of such integration in the scenarios of smart cities.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper deals with the implementation of smart governance in a smart city. The goal of this implementation is to improve the quality of life for citizens in pilot municipalities. This would be achieved through the application of modern digital and technological solutions in an urban environment. Implementation ensures more efficient use of resources, improved public services, greater sustainability and environmental awareness, as well as encouraging citizen participation in decision-making processes. During 2024, research was conducted on the application of new technologies in public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this research was to determine the state of digitalization in BiH, and how ready service users are for personalized services&mdash;self-service options&mdash;and for accepting services offered by public administration. At the beginning of 2025, another study was carried out to analyze the perception of citizens, experts, and decision-makers regarding the concept of the smart city. The results obtained enabled us to identify key challenges and opportunities for its implementation in smart cities. Part of these findings is presented in this paper. The research results will serve as the basis for work on a project that supports sustainable urban development and enhances the quality of life through innovative solutions. In this way, it contributes to the creation of more efficient, sustainable, and technologically advanced cities that meet the needs of modern society.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key technology in the development of smart cities, enabling the connection of different devices and systems for more efficient management of urban resources. By integrating IoT solutions into the everyday infrastructure of cities, it is possible to improve the quality of life of citizens, optimize resource consumption and ensure sustainable development. One of the significant examples of IoT applications is smart lighting, where street lighting automatically adjusts according to the presence of people or vehicles, thereby achieving significant energy savings and increasing safety. Traffic management using sensors and smart traffic lights allows for reduced congestion, better management of vehicle flow and faster response in case of accidents. Also, air quality monitoring through networked sensors allows for continuous monitoring of pollutants in real time, which provides city authorities with the data needed for timely environmental measures. By using IoT technologies, smart cities become more flexible, adaptable and efficient, and data collected in real time enables informed decisions that improve urban life.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">From the point of view of food safety, it is necessary to ensure that consumers and all other participants in the safety assurance system maintain confidence in the risk management process that is based on the existing well-structured legislative framework, which takes into account expertly based risk assessment, and which has as its ultimate goal the protection of health and interests of consumers. The paper reviewed the role of management in the implementation of new standards and common regulations in the European Union, where the so-called "Hygiene Packages" are being implemented. The production conditions from the Food Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina and common EU regulations were also considered. The results of research by the Food Safety Agency, which provides expert advice for technical support to the legislation and policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in all areas that have a direct or indirect impact on food safety, were considered. It was concluded that food safety directly depends on the management's skills to ensure timely decision-making in the implementation of the Quality Policy and Environmental Policy by integrating lower levels. What represents a challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina is that food production plants do not pay enough attention to waste management, which is the task of management.</p>

Climate change is expected to reduce the distribution range of major tree species in Europe. As a result, rare and underutilized tree species are gaining importance, despite limited research on their ecological characteristics. One such species is wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz), which has the potential to enhance the resistance, resilience, and adaptability of forest ecosystems to climate change. This paper provides an overview of previous research on its autecology, silvicultural characteristics, dispersal potential, and response to climate change. Wild service tree is native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and southwestern Asia. It exhibits broad ecological tolerance and thrives in various soil types, with a preference for deep, humus-rich soils while avoiding dry sandy and marshy conditions. In the Balkans, it grows at altitudes between 250 and 1400 meters above sea level, predominantly in thermofillic oak and beech forests, and less frequently in pine communities on sunny exposures. The species tolerates a wide range of climatic conditions, including low winter temperatures and summer droughts. Natural regeneration occurs primarily through root suckers, with seed-based regeneration being less frequent. For successful establishment, young plants should be planted in small groups within cleared patches of oak and beech forests. Post-planting protection against browsing and damage from rodents is essential. From the sapling stage onward, it requires high light availability for optimal growth. Due to limited seed production and strong competition from other tree species, the natural spread of wild service tree is relatively slow. Its expansion is more likely in cleared thermophilic habitats and can be accelerated through targeted afforestation efforts. Wild service tree exhibits high drought tolerance, making it a valuable species for areas affected by climate change. Its range is expected to expand in sessile oak and thermophilic beech forests. When combined with other drought-resistant tree species, it may contribute to stabilizing forest structures and mitigating the impacts of climate change.