Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a key factor in the development of countries. Countries have recognized the potential of using AI to achieve sustainable development. This research explores the potential of the Southeast European (SEE) countries in the field of AI applications. The Government AI Readiness Index, with its nine indicators, is used to assess readiness for AI applications. A comparison of the SEE countries for the application of AI was conducted using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The methods used were MEREC (Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and CORASO (COmpromise Ranking from Alternative SOlutions). The results of the MEREC method show that the maturity and adaptability indicators have higher weight values compared to the other ones. The results of the CORASO method show that Greece and Bulgaria have the strongest indicators, with the sensitivity analysis confirming these findings.

This case report describes the early clinical and laboratory course of an orphaned wild Bosnian Mountain Horse foal, with the aim of highlighting the diagnostic value of age-appropriate interpretation of clinicopathological findings during early life. The report is of particular interest because published data on the clinical monitoring of orphaned foals of this breed remain limited. The case included repeated hematological and biochemical analyses, coprological examinations, and dermatological evaluations, initiated partly due to the occurrence of two distinct skin lesions. Laboratory findings obtained at approximately two and four months of age were interpreted with consideration of age-related physiological variations characteristic of foals. Progressive decreases in erythrocyte parameters were consistent with physiological anemia of foals, while leukocyte profiles, platelet counts, and biochemical values reflected normal developmental adaptation rather than pathological changes. Two clinically distinct skin conditions were identified during follow-up. The first was a localized periocular dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis, diagnosed by microbiological analysis of skin scraping collected from the lesion margins. The second was diffuse, irregular, poorly demarcated alopecic lesion of non-infectious origin, supported by negative microbiological and parasitological findings from skin scrapings and by spontaneous regression without specific therapy. Despite early-life challenges associated with orphan status and suboptimal nutrition, the foal maintained stable systemic health throughout the monitoring period. This case underscores the importance of age-appropriate interpretation of clinicopathological parameters and comprehensive clinical assessment in orphaned or free-ranging foals.

Introduction/purpose: The noise generated by artillery firing can have an extremely harmful effect on the people using it, namely the crew. The subject of this paper is the measurement and analysis of noise levels on artillery weapons used in the Serbian Army. Methods: The analysis and comparison of the results were carried out during operation of weapons of different calibers. Also, the aspect of impact and risk on the crew exposed to the mentioned physical phenomena was considered. Results: The results of the examination of the acoustic parameters in relation to the available criteria show that the crew on certain vehicles is exposed to a higher level of noise than allowed. Conclusion: It is concluded that all measured noise levels exceed the prescribed limit value. Based on the obtained results, further work can be done on reducing negative physical phenomena, as well as providing adequate equipment for the protection of the crew.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment, particularly in preterm infants. Early diagnosis remains challenging, and there is growing interest in biomarkers that reflect underlying mechanisms such as neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of selected circulating biomarkers in preterm infants with HIE, with emphasis on a multimarker approach. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 120 preterm infants (gestational age 28-36 weeks), divided into HIE (n = 90) and control (n = 30) groups. Serum levels of NR2 antibodies, endothelin-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured at 24-48 hours, day 5-7, and day 14. Statistical analysis included t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Biomarker levels were significantly higher in the HIE group (p < 0.001). GFAP and NfL showed the highest diagnostic performance (AUC 0.86 and 0.88). The combined model achieved the best accuracy (AUC = 0.89). Biomarker levels correlated with disease severity. Conclusion: A multimarker approach improves diagnostic accuracy and may support early risk stratification and individualized management in preterm infants with HIE.

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: green algae Cosmarium formosulum and Tetraspora gelatinosa, fungi Coprinopsis melanthina, Heteroxylaria oxyacanthae, Lophodermium petiolicolum, Peziza ostracoderma, and Phylloporia ribis, lichen Sphaerophorus globosus, liverworts Scapania curta and Solenostoma gracillimum, mosses Buxbaumia viridis, Sphagnum cuspidatum var. viride, and Sphagnum medium, dicots Hippuris vulgaris and Viola orbelica and monocots Arundo donax, × Gymnigritella suaveolens, Ophrys insectifera, and Ornithogalum montanum.

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: brown alga Heri­baudiella fluviatilis, fungi Holmiella sabina, Lysurus cruciatus, and Psathyrella ammophila, lichen Umbilicaria subpolyphylla, liverwort Kurzia pauciflora, mosses Climacium dendroides, Dicranella howei, Fissidens rivularis, F. viridulus, and Sphagnum papillosum, dicots Hesperis matronalis subsp. candida, Hieracium gaudryi, Lythrum hyssopifolia, Lythrum tribracteatum, and Taraxacum janchenii and monocots Allium moschatum, Cyperus esculentus, Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Ophrys insectifera, and Schoenoplectus litoralis.

Drinking water is a vital resource for public health and sustainable development, yet its quali­ty is increasingly threatened by pollution, climate change, and emerging contaminants. Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption introduces stricter requirements for monitoring, risk management, and public transparency. This paper analyzes the content and significance of the Directive, with a focus on the challenges of its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Special attention is given to harmful substances such as bisphenol A, PFAS compounds, and cyanotoxins, which pose serious risks to human health. The Directive introduces new water quality parameters, promotes access to water as a human right, and encourages the use of tap water to reduce plastic waste.In conclusion, aligning national legislation with this Directive is essential for improving water quality, protecting public health, and achieving sustainable development goals.Keywords: drinking water, EU Directive 2020/2184, pollutants.

Artificial intelligence systems increasingly shape not only what information citizens access but the interpretive frameworks through which they perceive public affairs, posing a governance challenge that public administration scholarship has yet to theorise. Through conceptual and normative analysis, the paper develops the construct of perceptual infrastructure – the cognitive and informational substrate of democratic deliberation – drawing on information theory, public administration and regulatory-governance scholarship, and tests it against the EU regulatory architecture. The analysis shows that the algorithmic construction of perceptual frameworks constitutes a distinct governance domain that the EU AI Act and the Digital Services Act do not reach, owing primarily to a regulatory omission rather than an implementation deficit: existing provisions take systems, use cases and identifiable harms as their object, not the cumulative, longitudinal construction of perception. An accountability framework is proposed – incorporating aggregate transparency, perceptual sovereignty as a citizen right, proportional responsibility and meta-perceptual literacy – with concrete implications for administrative accountability, regulatory capacity and democratic resilience.

: This paper presents an approach for improving the performance of TinyML models through metaheuristic optimization. Due to limited computational resources in IoT environments, achieving high classification accuracy remains a challenge. The proposed method utilizes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for tuning convolutional neural network (CNN) hyperparameters in the task of plant disease classification. Experimental results indicate that optimized models outperform baseline configurations in terms of accuracy and stability, with an improvement of over 20% in MCC compared to the baseline model. This study represents a part of a broader doctoral research focused on efficient and explainable AI models for resource-constrained environments.

This study examines the statistical associations among gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita), life expectancy at birth, income inequality, inequality in life expectancy, and human development across five Western Balkan countries. The analysis utilizes secondary data from the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Reports and the United Nations Statistics Division.The results indicate that, in 2022, Montenegro and Serbia are classified within the very high human development category, while Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia remain in the high human development category. Correlation analysis demonstrates a positive association between the Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita, and negative associations between HDI and both income inequality and inequality in life expectancy. The association between HDI and life expectancy is relatively weak. Fixed-effects panel regression results show that GDP per capita, life expectancy, and income inequality are not statistically significantly associated with HDI. In contrast, inequality in life expectancy exhibits a negative association with HDI that approaches statistical significance. These results should be interpreted as statistical associations rather than causal relationships.

Underground mine ventilation serves both as a critical safety system and as one of the major consumers of electrical energy in underground mining operations. This paper presents a critical review of the energy performance of ventilation management strategies, focusing on ventilation network optimization, fan speed control, Ventilation-on-Demand (VoD), model-based control, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications, and sensor-based monitoring. The review is organized according to the level of intervention and validation, encompassing industrial measurements, pilot-scale and laboratory studies, as well as numerical simulations. The findings indicate that direct energy savings are most commonly achieved through the reduction of network resistance and pressure losses, fan speed adjustment, and the spatial and temporal alignment of airflow distribution with actual operational requirements. CFD analyses and monitoring systems do not constitute energy-saving measures by themselves; rather, they provide the basis for defining safe operating limits and enabling closed-loop control strategies. Reported energy savings are not directly comparable due to differences in baseline operating conditions, system boundaries, and validation methodologies. Reliable implementation requires the maintenance of minimum safety airflow rates, the provision of backup safety measures, and automatic transition to predefined safe operating modes in the event of sensor, communication, or actuator failures.

: Background: Mental health disorders are a major global burden, highlighting the need for effective non-pharmacological interventions. Physical activity has emerged as a promising strategy for improving mental health outcomes. This systematic review examined the effects of structured physical activity and exercise interventions on mental health outcomes, addressing the growing need for effective non-pharmacological strategies for mental health promotion. Methods: The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO for studies published between 2017 and December 2025. Study selection was based on the PICOS framework. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Included studies involved clinical and non-clinical populations across various age groups. Structured exercise interventions (aerobic, resistance, or combined) were associated with reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well the improvements in psychological well-being and stress-related outcomes. Across the included studies, interventions of moderate-to-vigorous intensity performed two to five times per week over periods ranging from 6 to 24 weeks appeared to demonstrate the most consistent benefits. However, this observation is based on qualitative comparison of the included studies rather than a formal meta-analytic dose–response analysis. PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 8, indicating moderate to high methodological quality. Conclusions: Structured exercise interventions appear to be a promising and feasible approach for improving mental health outcomes across diverse populations. However, due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures, the findings should be interpreted with caution, and further high-quality research is needed.

Infectious mononucleosis is a common viral disease, most frequently caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults. Despite its high prevalence, misconceptions regarding disease etiology, transmission routes, and clinical manifestations remain widespread and may influence health-related behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of infectious mononucleosis in the general population of the Republic of Srpska, with particular emphasis on disease etiology, transmission, symptom recognition, and prevention, from a health literacy perspective. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2025 using an anonymous online questionnaire. The study included 225 participants aged 17–60 years. Descriptive statistical methods were applied, and differences in knowledge were analyzed according to basic sociodemographic characteristics. Although most respondents (82.7%) had heard of infectious mononucleosis, only 59.6% correctly identified the disease as viral in origin. Contact with saliva was recognized as the primary route of transmission by 65.3% of participants, while a substantial proportion reported incorrect transmission routes. Common symptoms such as fatigue and fever were widely recognized; however, specific clinically relevant manifestations, including splenomegaly and rash, were poorly identified. Women and younger respondents demonstrated higher levels of knowledge. The findings reveal important gaps in public knowledge of infectious mononucleosis, reflecting broader challenges related to health literacy. Targeted public health education focusing on accurate disease information and prevention may contribute to improved awareness, earlier recognition, and more appropriate health-related behavior.