Aronia is known for its medicinal properties due to its unique chemical characteristics, which are influenced by various factors, including growing conditions, soil quality and harvest time. Like most fruit species with high water content, aronia has a low caloric value. The specific composition of aronia may vary slightly in different ecological conditions due to influencing factors. The research included the most common aronia variety Nero, at three different growing locations: Mostar (Gornji Jasenjani), Bugojno and Kupres. The research results indicate that the average height and width of the Nero variety fruit was the highest at the Kupres location with 10.92 mm and 12.01 mm, and the lowest at the Mostar (Gornji Jasenjani) location with 9.19 mm and 10.02 mm. The chemical composition of the Nero variety fruits varied at different locations. The Nero variety had the highest content of total sugars at the Kupres location (6.35%) and total acids (1.36%), while at the Mostar location (Gornji Jasenjani) it had slightly lower values of total sugars (5.59%) and total acids (1.06%). Regarding the content of dry matter, minerals and pH values, the Nero variety had higher average values at the Mostar location (Gornji Jasenjani) compared to Bugojno. The lowest pH value (3.45) was recorded for the Nero variety at the Kupres location. The results of morphological and chemical characteristics of chokeberry in different agro-ecological conditions indicate the potential for increased production of this attractive fruit species in the mountainous areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Savremeni ekonomski razvoj sve snažnije je usmjeren ka principima održive ekonomije, što zahtijeva redefinisanje uloge računovodstva i kompetencija koje računovodstveni profesionalci treba da posjeduju. U tom kontekstu, računovodstveno obrazovanje dobija strateški značaj kao ključni mehanizam za razvoj znanja i vještina neophodnih za povezivanje ekonomskih, ekoloških i društvenih ciljeva. Cilj rada je analiza usklađenosti studijskih i profesionalnih programa iz oblasti računovodstva u zemljama bivše Jugoslavije sa savremenim kompetencijama relevantnim za održivu ekonomiju. Istraživanje je zasnovano na teorijsko-analitičkom pregledu konceptualnih okvira održivog razvoja, međunarodnih obrazovnih standarda i dominantnih zahtjeva računovodstvene profesije. Posebna pažnja posvećena je stepenu integracije održivosti, digitalnih vještina i etike u postojeće kurikulume. Rezultati analize pokazuju da, uprkos vidljivim pomacima u pojedinim segmentima, sistemska integracija ovih sadržaja ostaje ograničena. Nalazi ukazuju na potrebu daljeg unapređenja računovodstvenog obrazovanja kako bi obrazovni ishodi efikasnije odgovarali zahtjevima održivog razvoja i savremenog poslovanja.

Quantum key distribution and post-quantum cryptography represent the backbone for tackling security challenges in the quantum era. Although each of them has its own shortcomings, their practical implementation raises the question of their possible combination and synergy. In this context, the paper considers mixing established cryptographic keys at key management layer, using both approaches to optimize the available key resources in a quantum network, also balancing the provided security. We provide analytical model, security analysis, and optimal contribution of keys in the mixed cryptographic key. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the validity of this approach in point-to-point and network environments.

This paper presents a robust discrete-time sliding mode controller (DT–SMC) for a bidirectional DC/DC converter that is used as an energy storage interface in DC microgrids. The proposed controller is implemented in a hierarchical cascaded control structure comprising an inner current loop and an outer voltage loop, together with a current-reference limiter and duty-cycle saturation. Both loops adopt DT–SMC to achieve fast sampled-data tracking under nominal non-saturated operation. A multirate framework is implemented to balance dynamic performance, control accuracy, and computational complexity. To improve disturbance rejection, disturbance estimators (DEs) based on the sliding variable are incorporated in both loops and equipped with an anti-windup compensation to suppress error accumulation. The controller requires only the converter current and terminal voltages, facilitating practical digital implementation with fixed-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). Simulation results compare the proposed method with benchmark cascaded DT–PI and STA–SMC controllers, while experimental tests on a laboratory prototype confirm its practical feasibility. The presented results indicate chattering mitigation through reduced duty-cycle variation, accurate reference tracking, fast transient response, and disturbance rejection under the tested operating conditions.

U poslednje vreme ostvaren je značajan napredak u redefinisanju projektovanja trajnosti betonskih konstrukcija. Ovo nije samo rezultat zahteva za održivošću, već i potrebe da se preskriptivni koncept iz važećih normi zameni pristupom baziranim na performansama. U Evrokodovima druge generacije usvojen je pristup klasa otpornosti na izloženost (ERC), definisan u EN 206-1, kao osnova za projektovanje trajnosti. ERC predstavlja klasifikacioni sistem za označavanje nivoa trajnosti i otpornosti betonskih konstrukcija na faktore sredine, u zavisnosti od njihove predviđene namene i specifičnih uslova kojima će biti izložene tokom projektnog eksploatacionog veka. Sistem obezbeđuje okvir za specificiranje prilagođenih mešavina betona na osnovu čvrstoće pri pritisku, obradivosti i kategorije izloženosti. Prednosti ovakvog pristupa su brojne: postizanje željenih nivoa zaštite čak i u agresivnim sredinama, smanjeno održavanje, poboljšana sigurnost, efikasnija upotreba materijala, kao i nove i optimizovane kombinacije projektovanja mešavina. Međutim, prelazak na specifikaciju baziranu na performansama neće biti jednostavan, ne samo zbog konzervativnosti industrije vezane za betonske konstrukcije, već i zbog nedostatka brzih i pouzdanih postupaka ispitivanja trajnosti. Pored mešavine betona, zaštitni sloj je ključni faktor u obezbeđivanju zaštite konstrukcije, s obzirom na to da utiče na trajanje kako perioda inicijacije, tako i perioda propagacije oštećenja. U novom predlogu propisa, debljina zaštitnog sloja se određuje kao funkcija proračuna eksploatacionog veka, uz pretpostavku kompatibilnosti sa zajedničkom ciljnom pouzdanošću. Na taj način, zaštitni slojevi betona su prilagođeni u okviru ERC koncepta. U radu je prikazan sažet pregled novih dostignuća u oblasti projektovanja trajnosti, sa posebnim osvrtom na preporuke propisa. Naglasak je dat na aspekt projektovanja zaštitnog sloja betona za trajnost..

Research and development of advanced technologies underpinning the implementation of Industry 4.0 are driving the transformation of traditional manufacturing systems into flexible production systems whose high level of integration and intelligence is based on digital technologies. Mobile and collaborative robotics, supported by artificial intelligence, are becoming central elements of intelligent manufacturing processes through their implementation, complementing other Industry 4.0 technologies. This paper provides a clear and comprehensive overview of the architecture of Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing systems based on the integration of autonomous mobile robots and collaborative robots, with particular emphasis on system hierarchy, data flows, and interoperability with existing industrial information systems. Patent trends over the past decade in robotics and artificial intelligence are analyzed, along with trends in the implementation of mobile and collaborative robots in manufacturing processes. The role of robotic systems in process monitoring, decision-support, and adaptive production control is examined, including their integration with IoT platforms, manufacturing execution systems, and AI-based analytical modules. The paper also discusses the technical and organizational challenges associated with implementing such architectures, as well as their potential benefits in terms of flexibility, scalability, and resilience of manufacturing systems. The proposed architectural approach provides a foundation for the further development of smart manufacturing environments and offers guidelines for the industrial application of mobile and collaborative robotics in accordance with Industry 4.0 principles.

This paper investigates the potential of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods to improve the interpretation of AI-based models in smart manufacturing applications. The study focuses on SHAP and LIME techniques, analyzing their ability to explain model decisions, identify the most influential input features, and provide insights into both individual predictions and overall model behaviour. A practical case study based on the Steel Plates Faults dataset is presented using a Random Forest classification model to investigate the application of explainable AI techniques for steel plate fault detection. The results demonstrate that SHAP and LIME methods provide valuable insights into model decision-making by identifying the key features influencing fault classification. These explainability approaches enhance model transparency and trustworthiness, supporting the development of more reliable AI-based solutions for industrial quality inspection and smart manufacturing applications.

Introduction/Objective. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is an ophthalmic emergency which can result in vision loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the demographic, epidemiological, clinical characteristics and treatment method of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery and Eye Trauma in the period between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2025. The data included sex, age, season, onset of symptoms, presence of myopia, previous cataract surgery, as well as the method of treatment. Results. Out of 275 patients, there were 177 males (64.36%) and 98 females (35.64%). The majority of the study population was between 61 and 80 years old (n = 140, 50.91%). The most commonly selected surgical procedure was PPV (n = 226, 81.88%). Silicon oil was the preferred tamponade (n = 191, 75.2%). Best corrected visual acuity on admission was worse than 0.1 in the majority of the affected eyes (n = 177, 64.13%), while one month after surgery nearly half (n = 130, 47.1%) achieved visual acuity between 0.1 and 0.5. Recurrent detachment had 29 patients (10.32%). Conclusion. In conclusion, our study emphasizes that rhegmatogenous retinal detachment primarily affects males and individuals over 60 years of age within our region. Consequently, there is an urgent need to implement targeted public health initiatives to educate high-risk individuals on early symptoms, optimize primary ophthalmic triage, and establish efficient referral pathways to ensure timely surgical intervention and preserve functional vision.

Outdated utility vehicles represent a particular challenge for transitional countries in performing daily business operations. The lack of financial resources for purchasing new vehicles, along with the absence of spare parts, is an additional challenge. This paper examines the optimization of marketing and business indicators in the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) metal processing sector for the purpose of repairing worn parts and components of trucks powered by internal combustion engines. The aim of the research was to define and rank 13 key criteria that link operational efficiency and financial performance with the impact of marketing. By reviewing relevant literature and previous studies, as well as engaging seven key experts in the field addressed by the research, the evaluation of marketing indicators was carried out. The IMF SWARA (Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method, integrated with the Fuzzy Bonferroni operator, was used in this paper to determine the weighting coefficients of the criteria. The research results show that experts assign primary importance to criterion C8 - net profit, followed by C5 - revenue and C7 - capacity utilization, while marketing is viewed as a generator of long-term business success in the regional market.