Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare, benign lesions accounting for 1% of intracranial tumors.1 They may arise from misplaced squamous epithelium during neural tube closure, and are found in the paramedian position, cerebellopontine angle, or parasellar region with other locations considered rare.2-4 The far lateral approach and its extensions enables access and visualization of ventral and ventrolateral lesions at the craniocervical junction without retraction.5-15 A 32-year-old female presented with gait instability, visual disturbances, and severe headaches. MRI demonstrated a solid, non-contrast enhancing T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense lesion in the right cerebellomedullary cistern with mass effect on cerebellum and brainstem, consistent with radiological findings of epidermoid cysts. The patient underwent far lateral suboccipital craniotomy with partial posterior medial condylectomy and C-1 hemilaminectomy while prone, which enabled unobstructed ventral view. A 4 hand (ie, 2 surgeon) microsurgical technique in tumor resection enabled dynamic, gentle tissue retraction and safe tumor resection. Apart from transient swallowing problems that resolved 2 weeks post-operation, the patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Follow-up MRI revealed gross total removal. This video demonstrates the steps, anatomy, and technical nuances for vascular and neural preservation during removal of epidermoid cysts in the cerebellomedullary cistern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first operative video showing the resection of a pure cerebellomedullary cistern epidermoid cyst. The utility of fat graft dural closure enhancement decreased the risk of CSF leak. The patient provided consent. Institutional review board approval was not required for individual cases and thus was not sought.

Introduction The implementation of nationwide viral hepatitis C elimination programs is challenging in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). It is reasonable to start by targeting specific populations, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), who are at higher risk of acquiring HCV or developing HCV-related complications. Methods Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group consists of experts in the field of infectious diseases from 26 countries in the region. Between April 26th and June 23rd 2023, the group performed an on-line survey consisting of 32 questions. The questionnaire assessed the status of HCV micro-elimination in 2022. Results Twelve HIV centers from 11 countries responded: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and Ukraine. All centers screen for HCV antibody all PLWH at entry into care. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV was <5% in 5 centers (Albania, Croatia, Serbia, North Macedonia and Hungary), 30.2% in Estonia and 29% in Ukraine, Greece and Moldova had high seroprevalence as well, 15.3% and 15.6% respectively. The prevalence of HCV viremia in antibody-positive PLWH was very high in Greece (85%), while in most other treatment centers it ranged from 4.2% to 38.2%. There is also a screening policy of annual HCV-testing of HCV-antibody negative persons in all centers by either testing all PLWH or those considered at risk. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) were not available in one country (Albania). Among PLWH who entered care in 2022, nine out of 12 ECEE centers reported cases of HCV/HIV coinfection, with five centers indicating that at least 50% of these individuals were HCV-viremic. Conclusions HCV screening in PLWH followed by access to DAA treatments were available in all but one center. Microelimination of HCV in PLWH in the majority of surveyed HIV treatment centers in CEEC has not been achieved and efforts to reach this goal need to be strengthened.

To address the issue of groundwater vulnerability management and analysis, an algorithm was developed based on which the necessary research was conducted in the broader area surrounding the water source Novoselija used for water supply of the population in the city of Banja Luka (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Within the GIS, as one of the spatial data techniques, the GOD method for vulnerability assessment was used. Data visualization within the GIS program package, combined with the aforementioned GOD method, enabled a clearer understanding of the spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability in this area, which made it possible to delineate different zones: from negligible to extreme vulnerability. The high degree of the parameter has been determined in the zone of the actual water source and is associated with terrace and gravels sediments. In the alluvial sediment zone, located south of the water source, vulnerability has been assessed as extreme. In this area, there is certainly a potential risk of groundwater vulnerability to all pollutants, with a very rapid impact in most contamination scenarios. From the east and the west side, the aquifer in question is confined by flysch deposits of Cretaceous age, which are hydrogeologically characterized as conditionally “waterless” parts of the terrain, and within them, the vulnerability has been classified as negligible. The results of this research are also important for later delineation of the sanitary protection zone of the aquifer in question.

This study aimed to compare anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and physical performance parameters between more and less experienced wrestlers to determine the influence of competitive experience on key performance indicators. A total of 47 male wrestlers were divided into two groups based on their competitive experience: more experienced (n=22, >6 years) and less experienced (n=25, <6 years). Anthropometric measurements included body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BF%). Performance assessments consisted of the countermovement jump (CMJ), handgrip strength (HGS), and the Specific Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT). Group differences were analyzed using t-tests for independent samples, and discriminant canonical analysis. More experienced wrestlers had significantly lower body fat percentage (p=0.04) and better performance in the SWFT repetitions test (p=0.001) compared to their less experienced counterparts. They also exhibited a lower heart rate response during the SWFT (p=0.01), indicating better recovery capacity. Also, competing experience was correlated to SWFT repetitions (R=0.51) and SWFT index (R=-0.45). Wrestling experience appears to be associated with wrestling-specific performance. However, the experience did not significantly influence absolute strength or explosive power. These findings suggest that training programs for less experienced wrestlers should emphasize wrestling-specific performance development to improve performance.

Background/Objectives: Colistin is a last-resort treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug-resistant infections, but resistance to it is emerging. While colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa is typically associated with chromosomal mutations inducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aminoarabinosylation, other mutations unrelated to LPS modifications have been proposed to influence the extent of colistin resistance. Here, we examined whether the genetic background and culture conditions affect the evolution of high-level colistin resistance in this bacterium. Methods: We performed in vitro evolution experiments in the presence or absence of increasing colistin concentrations with two phylogenetically distant reference strains in a standard laboratory medium and in two media mimicking P. aeruginosa growth during lung or systemic infections. Resistance-associated mutations were identified by comparative genomics, and the role of selected mutated genes was validated by allele replacement, deletion, or conditional mutagenesis. Results: Most colistin-resistant mutants carried mutations in genes belonging to four functional groups: two-component systems controlling LPS aminoarabinosylation (PmrAB, PhoPQ), LPS biosynthesis, the production of the polyamine norspermidine, and fatty acid metabolism. No mutation was exclusively and invariably associated with a specific strain or medium. We demonstrated that norspermidine is detrimental to the acquisition of colistin resistance upon PmrAB activation and that impaired fatty acid biosynthesis can promote colistin resistance, even if it increases susceptibility to other antibiotics. Conclusions: The evolution of colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa appeared to be only marginally affected by the genetic background and culture conditions. Notably, mutations in fatty acid biosynthetic genes represent a newly identified genetic determinant of P. aeruginosa colistin resistance, warranting further investigation in clinical isolates.

Abstract The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina is primarily notable for being an annex to the Dayton Peace Treaty that ended the 1992–1995 war. A significant aspect of this constitutional framework is its emphasis on the three main ethnic groups – Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs – designated as constituent peoples, which play a central role in the state’s governance and institutions. The recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the case of Savickis and Others v. Latvia has indirectly highlighted the (in)compatibility of certain constitutional solutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the principle of non-discrimination of the European Convention on Human Rights. In this article, the authors explain how the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not seek to implement the rulings issued by the ECtHR, but rather interpreted the constitutional identity of the country as being based precisely on the central role given to the constituent peoples. In so doing, the Constitutional Court, now also supported by the case Savickis and Others v. Latvia, created the prospect of abuse of constitutionalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This manuscript reports the synthesis and characterization of 19 novel heterostilbene carbamates, designed as selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors with potential applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. The compounds were synthesized from resveratrol analogs, and their structures were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction for selected derivatives (compounds 1 and 4). In vitro assays demonstrated high selectivity toward BChE over acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with compound 16 exhibiting exceptional inhibitory activity (IC50 = 26.5 nM). Furthermore, compound 16 showed moderate anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting LPS-stimulated TNF-α production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In silico ADME(T) profiling revealed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and low mutagenic potential for the majority of compounds. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable binding interactions within the BChE active site. These results highlight heterostilbene carbamates as promising lead structures for developing novel therapeutic agents targeting neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract In the context of increasing challenges in the fight against financial crime, this paper analyzes the significance of forensic accounting in identifying suspicious transactions within the financial sector, with the aim of strengthening efforts to combat money laundering in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Money laundering is a complex form of financial crime that can be committed by individuals or large organizations. This form of financial crime is known from individuals to large organizations, and over time, different methodologies for carrying it out have developed. The detection and prevention of money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities in BiH are regulated by the Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorist Activities (“Official Gazette of BiH,” No. 13/24), as well as the Rulebook on the Implementation of the Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorist Activities (“Official Gazette of BiH,” No. 41/15 and 24/23). This paper aims to identify weaknesses in the financial and regulatory oversight systems in BiH. It also explores the level of understanding of forensic accounting techniques and money laundering mechanisms within organizations in the country, and assesses their impact on the overall effectiveness of anti-money laundering efforts.

Abstract Green innovations are applied in various industries to promote corporate sustainability by adopting sustainable development practices. However, very little is known about how the knowledge management process influences corporate green innovation. To contribute to the development of this issue, this study explores the relationships between knowledge management, corporate sustainable development and green innovation. Data was collected from 210 respondents from private companies in a developing country context and analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The findings provide several conclusions. First, the components of knowledge management (application, acquisition and sharing of knowledge) significantly improve the dimensions of corporate sustainable development (environmental, economic and social dimensions). Second, sustainable environmental practices have no effect on the adoption and application of green innovations by companies, however, sustainable social practices have a positive effect on green innovations. The results of this research also show that investing in knowledge management is of great importance for achieving sustainable development, as well as investing in the application of sustainable social practices.

Abstract Although a significant number of studies analyzing the impact of transformational leadership on job performance has been recognized, there is a lack of research considering this construct in the context of managerial performance, and along with interpersonal characteristics. To fill this gap, this paper has been built on Mintzberg’s (1973) premise according to which interpersonal skills play an important role in achieving not only managerial performance but also their leadership styles. In other words, it has been argued that transformational leadership behaves as a mediator in the relationship between social skills and managerial performance. Given the main findings, the paper contributes to practical thinking by indicating the importance of including social skills training focused on building social flexibility and presentation skills, so that managers could have a greater positive impact on managerial performance. As a consequence, it is well known that their better performance increases overall organizational success, which is a valuable lesson for a developing country setting in which this research has been conducted. Contributions to theory and practice are offered after which direction for further research follows.