The paper investigates the functional role of inbound tour operators in the urban and rural tourism development of Sarajevo Canton by analyzing relevant parameters such as their business dynamics and collaboration with stakeholders, products, the typology of tourists and stays, and the promotion and sustainability of the offerings. A survey and interviews were conducted with five inbound tour operators situated in the most prominent zone (Old Town with Baščaršija). The findings indicated a strong impact of the inbound tour operators on tourism spatial development, as they are pivotal in fostering stakeholders' collaboration and in marketing and selling local authentic products to international tourists. Their endeavors contribute to creating unforgettable tourist experiences in Sarajevo, particularly concerning city and dark tours, ecotourism, and crafts. Tourist products are disseminated through WOM, international fairs, and online platforms, targeting markets in the EU, the USA, and Canada. This approach enhances international cooperation and promotes the destination's tourism. Inbound tour operators exhibit a positive business trend, although there are notable disparities in the level of collaboration with stakeholders and the focus of policies. Certain areas of action have been overlooked, such as strategies to position Sarajevo as a primary choice and final destination, identifying new potential markets, and adopting a more analytical approach to tourist typologies for more tailored tourism offerings. The paper highlights the current features and challenges of the destination's tourism development, providing practical solutions for inbound tour operators and recommendations for redesign.

This study investigates the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for geodetic surveys aimed at updating cadastral registers, which now function as geospatial databases. UAVs, using the aerial photogrammetric method, offer a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional airplane-mounted cameras. The research presents a comprehensive, step-by-step procedure for creating cadastral maps using UAV-acquired data, covering scope definition, preparatory work, flight planning, data processing, and final map production. The study includes an analysis of the resulting cadastral map and compares it with existing official maps to assess accuracy in determining parcel boundaries. The findings demonstrate that UAV-based surveys not only streamline the mapping process but also provide high levels of accuracy and reliability. This approach showcases the potential of UAV technology in modernizing cadaster systems, offering valuable insights into improving the precision and efficiency of geospatial data collection for land management and planning.

Throughout history, hospitals had been treated as sterile places used exclusively for providing medical treatment to patients. Little attention was however paid to the different ways those spaces can affect people occupying them, more specifically, through the senses. The things patients see, smell, touch, or feel all affect their well-being, leading to either an accelerated recovery, or prolonged hospital stays. Furthermore, besides a plethora of research showcasing the potential of incorporating sensory elements into healthcare architecture, the results have not been integrated into concrete examples to their full potential. The purpose of this review is to identify the effects of certain sensory elements, investigate the ways in which they had been incorporated into healthcare architecture, and recognize gaps in existing literature. Additionally, this review aims to propose ideas for further research in order to enrich the existing research connecting the senses with architecture.

<p>Phytoremediation with wild plant species could be an environmentally friendly and economical<br />solution. Selected wild plants like mint, oregano, chamomile, nettle, and St. John&rsquo;s wort, from rural<br />areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were collected, lyophilized, and acid-digested for heavy metals<br />analysis. Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese<br />(Mn), and lead (Pb) were determined by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometry-flame<br />technique. Results showed that some of the investigated wild plants have a high content of<br />multiple heavy metals. This work showed that collected wild plants can accumulate heavy metals<br />and could be used for the phytoremediation of multi-metal-contaminated soil.</p>

Hospitals are environments in which patients experience heightened physical and psychological vulnerability. Despite this, architectural design has prioritized clinical efficiency over human-centered spatial experience. Increasing evidence suggests that the built environment influences stress levels, comfort, and overall well-being. This study examines how the overall sensory environment of hospital shapes users’ experiences, focusing on general sensory perception rather than isolated sensory elements. A survey was conducted among hospital users, including patients, visitors, and staff (n=223). The quantitative survey addressed demographic characteristics, sensory perceptions, and general impressions of the hospital environment. This paper analyses responses related to the total sensory experience of hospital spaces using descriptive statistical methods. The results indicate that most respondents perceived the hospital environment as having moderate to high impact on their overall experience. Additionally, the majority expressed a clear preference for hospitals designed with a focus on sensory comfort. These findings highlight the importance of integrating sensory-aware design strategies in healthcare architecture to support well-being and improve the overall hospital experience.

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IGD-20 scale, developed by Pontes et al. (2014) for the assessment of Internet gaming disorder, which was translated in this study using the back-translation method and administered to a sample of gamers and eSports players in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consisted of 278 participants (82% gamers and 18% eSports players), predominantly male, with an average age of 27 years. Item analysis demonstrated satisfactory discriminative power and high item-total correlations for all items. The overall reliability of the IGD- 20 scale was exceptionally high (α = 0.965). Exploratory factor analysis initially suggested a three-factor solution; however, this solution was neither interpretable nor consistent with the original structure of the instrument. A unidimensional solution, which has also been supported in recent research, proved to be the most interpretable and accounted for over 61% of the variance. In conclusion, the IGD-20 scale demons

Trithemis annulata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1807) is a widespread Afrotropical species that substantially expanded its range in Mediterranean Europe in the second part of 20th century and very recently in the West Balkan region. A field study was carried out from June to September 2024 in the southern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Neretva River delta in Croatia in order to investigate the species’ presence in this area. During the survey, T. annulata was found at 14 locations, seven in each country. The observations from Bosnia and Herzegovina represent the first record of this species for the country. It was found in a wide variety of habitats, both lentic and lotic, including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, larger ponds and canals. Considering that, at several of these locations, the species was not found during surveys in 2022 and 2023, it most likely spread to this area recently. Additionally, two observations of T. annulata from North Macedonia that were found in the online databases Observation and iNaturalist represent the first documented reports for this country. These findings constitute a substantial increase in species range and abundance in the region. The species’ distribution andspread in the Balkan Peninsula is also outlined and discussed.

In early June 2023, we studied the Lepidoptera fauna of the upper course of the Neretva River, the valley of the Zalomka River in Nevesinjsko Polje and the Morina plateau between the two. In total, we registered 237 species, 63 butterflies and 174 moths. We found 53 butterfly species in the area of the Upper Neretva River, 37 in Nevesinjsko polje and five on the Morina plateau, along with 156, 40 and 20 moth species, respectively. In this study, we increased the total number of registered Lepidoptera species for the area, from 251 found in the same region during Neretva Science Week 2022, to a total of 414 (93 butterflies and 321 moths). Eight species have the status of Near Threatened and one is categorised as Data Deficient according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Two species are listed as Vulnerable in the Red List of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and three species are listed on the Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Our findings present a much-needed basic knowledge on Lepidoptera of the region, which is important for conservation activities.

<p>This paper aims to present a methodological framework for the development and validation of the<br />Effective Ergonomic Load Coefficient (KEEO) model, an approach that seeks to quantify total<br />workload by integrating physical, mental, organizational, and technical and technological factors.<br />Current methods, such as RULA, REBA, OCRA, SWAT, and JCQ, address only individual aspects of<br />work and thus limit insight into the entirety of ergonomic risk. KEEO is based on a multi-criteria<br />integration of methodologies for determining weights and factors that have been identified as<br />determinants of ergonomic workload. Validation includes assessment of the content validity of the<br />questionnaire, analytical boundary checking, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The<br />results obtained show stable linear behavior and proportionality between components, suggesting<br />that KEEO can serve as a basis for future integrated ergonomic workload indices. This<br />methodological work is the result of work on a doctoral dissertation on the topic "Multi-functional<br />analysis of effective workplace workload".</p>

<p><span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tehnolo&scaron;ki napredak i povećana upotreba interneta duboko su prodrli u sve sfere ljudskog života, &scaron;to je dovelo do značajnih promjena u svakodnevnim obrascima pona&scaron;anja, posebno među Generacijom Z. Ova generacija, okružena tehnologijom od malih nogu, razvila je obrasce kori&scaron;tenja pametnih telefona koji često dovode do pretjeranog oslanjanja na takve uređaje za svakodnevno funkcioniranje i regulaciju raspoloženja, &scaron;to može rezultirati kompulzivnim pona&scaron;anjem pri kupovini. Pandemija COVID-19 dodatno je intenzivirala oslanjanje na tehnologiju, ističući kori&scaron;tenje pametnih telefona kao sredstvo za bijeg od stvarnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti vezu između ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima i kompulzivne online kupovine direktno i kroz koncept regulacije raspoloženja. Empirijska studija kori&scaron;tenjem metode anketiranja provedena je u Bosni i Hercegovini početkom 2025. godine, na uzorku od 178 pripadnika Generacije Z. Pretpostavljeni odnosi između varijabli analizirani su kori&scaron;tenjem korelacijske i regresijske analize. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivnu korelaciju između svih istraživanih varijabli i da ovisnost o pametnim telefonima ima direktan utjecaj na kompulzivnu online kupovinu, kao i indirektan utjecaj kroz regulaciju raspoloženja putem pametnih telefona (djelimična medijacija). Veća ovisnost o pametnim telefonima može indirektno intenzivirati kompulzivnu online kupovinu kroz regulaciju raspoloženja pomoću pametnih telefona; Međutim, postoji i direktan uticaj ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima na kompulzivnu online kupovinu koji nije u potpunosti obja&scaron;njen posredničkom varijablom. Dobijeni rezultati obogaćuju postojeće znanje o razmatranim varijablama i predstavljaju dodatnu smjernicu za razvoj novih marketin&scaron;kih strategija, kako općenito, tako i posebno u kontekstu Generacije Z.</span></span></p>