U ovom radu analizira se odnos socijalne politike prema civilnim žrtvama rata i njihova međusobna korelacija u Bosni i Hercegovini. Krajnji cilj je doći do odgovora na pitanja kako odgovoriti potrebama civilnih žrtava rata kroz kvalitetnu socijalnu politiku u Bosni i Hercegovini. U ostvarivanju socijalne pravde, socijalnih prava, smanjivanju društvene nejednakosti i općoj humanizaciji društva u Bosni i Hercegovini posebnu ulogu ima upravo socijalna politika. S tim u vezi primjenu socijalnih politika u području brige i zaštite civilnih žrtava rata sve više pažnje usmjeravaju na deinstitucionalizaciju i tako nastoje da trendovi u brizi o civilnim žrtvama rata idu prema zbrinjavanju ne na državnom nivou, nego na nivou lokalne zajednice. Ono što bi moglo biti jedno od rješenja ili državnih strateških pravaca jeste razvijanje različitih modela podrške, uz podršku njima najbližih osoba, odnosno podrška primarne socijalne mreže uz podršku države. Činjenica je da se naše društvo mora suočiti sa izazovom kreiranja sistema koji će biti prilagođen i u skladu s potrebama kategorije civilnih žrtava rata. Važan preduslov za poboljšanje statusa i brige o civilnim žrtvama rata jeste kroz primjenu kvalitetne i zakonom utvrđene socijalne politike. Odnos socijalne politike prema kategoriji civilnih žrtava rata je vrlo prisan, samom činjenicom jer se ona bavi raznim društvenim segmentima, a civilne žrtve rata su upravo jedna od najugroženijih društvenih kategorija čija ljudska, socijalna i druga prava, bi se trebala početi primjenjivati onako kako to nalažu i međunarodne konvencije koje su sastavni dio socijalne politike, a ne biti samo mrtvo slovo na papiru.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by debilitating pain and progressive joint destruction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in modulating both peripheral and central pain pathways. TNF-α inhibitors, initially developed to halt structural damage in RA, have demonstrated substantial efficacy in pain relief, independent of their anti-inflammatory properties. This narrative review explores the mechanistic pathways through which TNF-α contributes to pain sensitization and highlights the role of TNF-α inhibitors in disrupting these pathways. Evidence suggests that these biologics not only reduce synovial inflammation but also modulate neuroinflammatory circuits, altering pain perception at the spinal and supraspinal levels. Despite their clinical success, variability in patient response and concerns regarding long-term safety necessitate further research into personalized therapeutic strategies. Identifying biomarkers predictive of pain relief could enhance treatment precision. Ultimately, the integration of TNF-α inhibitors into multidisciplinary pain management approaches holds promise for improving clinical outcomes and quality of life in RA.

Hydrophobic eutectic solvent systems (ESSs) were prepared and characterized using temperature-dependent thermophysical and transport property measurements, supported by thermal analysis. The investigated systems comprise terpene-based mixtures, menthol:octanoic acid (1:2) and menthol:decanoic acid (1:1), and thymol-based mixtures, thymol:butanol (1:1), thymol:hexanol (1:1), thymol:octanoic acid (1:1), and thymol:oleic acid (1:1), as well as salt-containing ESSs based on tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPBr), TBPBr:octanoic acid (1:1), and TBPBr:lauric acid (1:1). Density, dynamic viscosity, and electrical conductivity were measured at atmospheric pressure (p = 0.1 MPa) over 293.15–313.15 K. From density data, molar volumes and isobaric thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. The temperature dependence of viscosity was correlated with both Arrhenius and Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equations. Conductivity results were used to compute molar conductivities, and the coupled conductivity–viscosity behavior was assessed via Walden analysis to quantify deviations from ideal electrolyte behavior and estimate ionicity. Thermal behavior and stability were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DSC). The resulting dataset enables a consistent comparison of volumetric, flow, and ion transport descriptors across fully molecular terpene-based mixtures and TBPBr-containing systems. Overall, the combined transport descriptors, including Walden analysis, provide a practical framework for distinguishing molecular from salt-containing hydrophobic ESS families and support formulation selection for temperature-dependent applications, particularly in biphasic extraction processes.

Abstract Introduction Sepsis is a global health priority with nearly 50 million cases annually. Cardiovascular dysfunction is common, frequently manifesting as hypotension that persists despite fluid resuscitation. Most affected patients require the use of intravenous (IV) vasoactive agents, typically necessitating intensive care unit (ICU)-level monitoring, invasive interventions and contributing substantially to healthcare costs. Midodrine, an oral alpha-1 agonist approved for orthostatic hypotension, has increasingly been used off-label as a vasopressor-sparing (reducing IV vasopressor use) strategy in sepsis, despite limited and inconsistent evidence. This pragmatic, randomised, open-label trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of midodrine in patients with sepsis-associated hypotension. We hypothesise that, compared with standard care, midodrine administration will reduce the duration of IV vasopressor use. Methods and analysis A total of 308 adult patients with sepsis-associated hypotension will be enrolled (154 per arm). The intervention group will, in addition to standard of care, receive enteral midodrine 10 mg three times daily. Outcomes will be ascertained pragmatically via electronic health record-based data retrieval and adjudicated by research coordinators blinded to treatment assignment. The primary outcome is time alive and off IV vasopressors in the first 28 days (in hours) after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include cumulative vasopressor exposure; use and duration of central venous access; cumulative fluid balance over the first 48 hours and up to 7 days of ICU stay; ICU and hospital length of stay; and ICU-, hospital-, and organ support-free days through day 28. Safety outcomes include adverse events potentially attributable to midodrine during hospitalisation including acute kidney injury. Primary analyses will follow an intention-to-treat framework, including all randomised participants according to their assigned treatment groups. Primary and secondary outcomes will be compared using a van Elteren test stratified by randomisation factors. A predefined secondary Bayesian analysis of the primary outcome will provide complementary estimates of treatment effect. Safety outcomes will be summarised descriptively without formal between-arm hypothesis testing. Ethics and dissemination The Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board approved this protocol and required written informed consent from all participants (IRB# 24–0 00 121). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international conference presentations. Trial registration number NCT06319248.

Simple Summary The virus responsible for COVID-19 can affect multiple animal species, including wildlife. In this study, we tested, by commercial ELISA, blood samples from red foxes and golden jackals in Serbia for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Antibodies were detected in both species, with a seroprevalence of 13.3% in red foxes and 7.3% in golden jackals (overall seroprevalence: 10.3%). All the samples were tested in parallel by an in-house adapted ELISA. These results provide the first evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild canids in Serbia. Monitoring pathogens in wildlife improves our understanding of disease ecology and supports early recognition of potential zoonotic risks.

Abstract Congenital intrinsic obstruction at or near the duodenojejunal junction is exceptionally rare and most commonly results from incomplete embryonic recanalization, leading to the formation of a mucosal web. We report a 7-day-old term male neonate (birth weight 3350 g) who presented with persistent feeding intolerance and intermittent bilious vomiting since birth. Abdominal radiography showed marked dilation of the stomach and duodenum with distal bowel gas. An upper gastrointestinal contrast study revealed a conical narrowing at the duodenojejunal junction. Surgical exploration revealed a mucosal web located immediately distal to the duodenojejunal junction. Given the marked luminal disparity, simple web excision was deemed inadequate, and segmental resection with primary end-to-end jejunojejunal anastomosis was performed. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Proximal jejunal webs near the duodenojejunal junction are rare but surgically correctable causes of neonatal bilious vomiting and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

In this paper, the dynamic analysis of a vibro-impact system with ideal excitation and various friction models is performed. A physical model of an oscillating mechanical system with possible impact occurrence is presented and the corresponding mathematical model is derived by using Lagrange’s equations of motion. To describe interaction between impact element and environment, three different friction models are considered: Coulomb, viscous and Coulomb-Stribeck model. Newton’s impact law with a coefficient of restitution is employed to describe relationship between pre-impact and post-impact velocities. The dynamic behavior of the vibro-impact system under the ideal excitation, where the system does not influence the excitation source, is investigated for each friction model by numerically solving the governing equations. The results of numerical analysis are presented through amplitude-frequency diagrams, displacement-time responses and phase portraits. The main objective is to determine the influence of different friction models on amplitude-frequency diagrams, particularly on the regions exhibiting impact and non-impact behavior. For parameter regions with multiple coexisting solutions, basins of attraction are constructed to illustrate the dependence of the system regime on initial conditions.

ABSTRACT Indoor spaces contain diverse microbial communities that shape human health. These microorganisms are particularly relevant to respiratory diseases, including asthma and allergies. Despite growing recognition of the importance of indoor microbial exposures, research in this field is slowed by differences in methods. These inconsistencies make it difficult to compare results and draw conclusions. This systematic review analyses 106 studies published between 2000 and 2025 that investigated indoor microbiomes in dust, air, and other matrices across homes, schools, and other built environments. We assessed sampling strategies, DNA extraction protocols, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatic pipelines, identifying trends, inconsistencies, and areas requiring harmonisation. Passive sampling, particularly dust collection, was the most common approach, while Illumina‐based 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing dominated molecular analyses. However, variations in targeted gene regions, extraction kits, and analytical tools limited cross‐study comparability. Ecological findings revealed consistent detection of bacterial taxa such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, and fungal taxa including Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, with diversity shaped by building characteristics, ventilation, humidity, occupancy, and presence of pets. This review highlights the need for standardised protocols in indoor microbiome research to facilitate reproducibility, enable meta‐analyses, and inform health‐related guidelines for indoor environments.

Objective To compare cognitive profiles and dementia severity among older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), with and without ischemic stroke (IS), and to evaluate the contribution of vascular burden to global cognitive status. Methods This cross-sectional clinical study included 124 patients aged ≥55 years who were stratified into three groups: AF without IS (n = 50), AF with IS (n = 25), and IS without AF (n = 49). Global cognitive status was assessed using ordinal categories derived from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Attention and working memory were additionally evaluated using the Information-Memory-Concentration (IMC) test derived from the Blessed Dementia Scale. Vascular burden was assessed using the Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS). Group differences were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, and predictors of worse cognitive status were examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results Patients with combined AF and IS demonstrated a trend toward a less favorable cognitive profile and higher vascular burden compared with patients with AF alone or IS alone. The proportion of female participants differed significantly across groups (p = 0.022), whereas age category and educational level were comparable. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, higher Hachinski Ischemic Score independently predicted worse global cognitive status (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.42–2.25; p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, education, and major vascular risk factors. Conclusions Vascular burden plays an important role in cognitive impairment among older patients with atrial fibrillation, particularly when accompanied by ischemic stroke. Incorporating vascular burden assessment into routine clinical evaluation may facilitate earlier recognition and characterization of cognitive impairment in aging populations.

Background This study explored whether tumor regression following neoadjuvant therapy can be used as a reliable indicator of surgical operability in patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed, including patients with stage IIIA NSCLC treated at a tertiary thoracic surgery center. Patients were categorized according to treatment approach: induction therapy followed by surgery or primary surgical management. Treatment response was assessed using imaging findings, pathological staging changes, residual tumor burden, and lymph node status. Surgical feasibility and perioperative outcomes were evaluated. Statistical significance was defined at p<0.05. Results Patients receiving induction therapy demonstrated greater tumor reduction, higher rates of mediastinal nodal regression, and more frequent complete pathological response. Complete (R0) resection was achieved more often in this group. Tumor regression and nodal response were identified as independent predictors of surgical feasibility. Postoperative complication rates and mortality did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion Tumor response after neoadjuvant therapy is closely associated with surgical operability in stage IIIA NSCLC. Response-based selection may improve resectability without increasing perioperative risk.

Rapid global changes in climate and habitats lead to shifts in species' geographic ranges. Range contractions experienced by numerous species may result in local extinctions and connectivity disruptions. In some species, range expansions have been observed instead, suggesting the enlargement of suitable habitats and/or adaptations to changing environments. Despite its importance for wildlife management, our understanding of the factors influencing species' spatial responses to rapidly changing environments remains limited. The golden jackal serves as an excellent model to address this knowledge gap, given its ongoing rapid range expansion. In this study, we investigated environmental factors contributing to genetic connectivity and local adaptation across the expanding range of the golden jackal, based on a comprehensive sampling scheme across Eurasia (n = 363), a high‐quality set of genomic markers (19,746 SNPs), and a landscape genomics framework. At the continental scale, geographic distance emerged as the predominant factor. At finer spatial scales, genetic connectivity was best explained by climatic predictors, specifically high annual and seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature, which can shape the species' spatial genetic structure by constraining gene flow. Our connectivity models for current and future climatic conditions show that the species' northward expansion is facilitated by changes in these variables in central and northern Europe promoting high connectivity. Precipitation and temperature were also responsible for most local adaptation signals. Given the potential role of hybridization with domestic dogs in shaping range expansion patterns, we investigated the association between environmental conditions and dog admixture proportions. We found no significant trends, indicating a limited effect of dog admixture on habitat choice. Collectively, our findings suggest that the golden jackal has the potential to continue its expansion across Eurasia in response to ongoing global climate change, providing an example of a species that rapidly tracks the expansion of its suitable habitats.