Pitanje prevodivosti Kur'ana na nearapske jezike uopće, kao i prevođenje posljednje Božije objave s arapskog na druge jezike teme su kojima su se kroz povijest bavili i muslimani ovog podneblja, a mnogi alimi ostavili veliki broj značajnih djela iz te oblasti. Njihova zaostavština se čuva brižljivo pohranjena u našim bibliotekama, ponajviše u Gazi Husrev-begovoj biblioteci u Sarajevu. Ovaj rad je vezan za jedno takvo poznato ime među Bošnjacima, osobu koja je veći dio svog života provela u Turskoj, u kojoj ostaje na službi nakon više godina naukovanja, Muhammeda ibn Musa-a el-Bosnevija Allameka. Naslonjen na njegovo bavljenje jezičkim analizama kur'anskog teksta, ovaj rad ukazuje na dvije trajno aktuelne teme: jezička nadnaravnost kur'anskog teksta i neophodnost poznavanja arapskog jezika kao sredstva za razumijevanje tog Teksta.

AIM To assess whether the level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation independently affects gastrointestinal-specific quality of life after anterior resection for rectal cancer. METHODS A prospective cohort study including 125 patients with stage II-III mid- or upper- rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent open anterior resection with total mesorectal excision between 2020 and 2025 was conducted. Patients were classified according to the intraoperative level of IMA ligation as having either low ligation with preservation of the left colic artery (n = 75) or high ligation proximal to the origin of the left colic artery (n = 50). Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI; range 0-144) was assessed 6-8 weeks after protective stoma closure. RESULTS GIQLI scores were significantly higher after low IMA ligation compared with high ligation (127.3 ± 5.7 versus 121.6 ± 5.7; p < 0.001). In univariable analysis, high IMA ligation was associated with lower GIQLI scores (B = -5.733; p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis excluding the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score, high IMA ligation remained independently associated with lower GIQLI scores (B = -5.016; p < 0.001). In exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, IMA ligation alone demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.689; 95% CI 0.595-0.783), while addition of IMA ligation to established predictors improved model discrimination (AUC=0.790; 95% CI 0.710-0.871). CONCLUSION Low IMA ligation was associated with better postoperative gastrointestinal quality of life following anterior resection for rectal cancer. When oncologically appropriate, preservation of the left colic artery may optimise patient-reported outcomes.

AIM To evaluate whether treatment approach and Allen's classification are associated with treatment duration after fingertip injury and to identify predictors of prolonged recovery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients treated for fingertip injuries at Cantonal Hospital Zenica (January 2024 - December 2024). Injuries were classified using Allen's system, and treatment duration was grouped as 7-25, 26-35, or 36-90 days. RESULTS The cohort was predominantly male (89.0%), with a median age of 47 years (IQR 36-71). Median treatment duration was 24 days (IQR 15-33). Longer treatment duration was associated with exposed distal phalanx (p = 0.016), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), and treatment approach (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, osteosynthesis compared with suture (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.30-12.63) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.22-11.72) were associated with prolonged treatment in exploratory multivariable analysis (36-90 days). CONCLUSION Treatment approach and selected comorbidities should be considered alongside injury classification when anticipating recovery duration; however, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited number of prolonged-treatment events and diabetic patients.

Introduction : Older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently present with multiple comorbidities and complex therapeutic regimens, increasing the risk of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PIM prescribing in geriatric patients with T2DM using the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. Materials and methods : This observational, retrospective study included 400 geriatric patients (≥65 years) with T2DM. Data on prescribed medications were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 and Microsoft Excel 2019 ( α = 0.05). Results : At least one PIM was identified in 60.8% of patients. Frequently prescribed PIMs included proton pump inhibitors (13.5%), diazepam (10.3%), and digoxin (6.5%) among medications to be avoided, and diuretics (59.5%) and acetylsalicylic acid (19.0%) among medications to be used with caution. Conclusion : Systematic application of the Beers Criteria may improve pharmacotherapy safety in this vulnerable population.

Biomass-derived porous carbons are promising sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment. However, most reported materials require chemical activation, while the relationships between biomass precursor, pore structure, adsorption mechanism, and regeneration remain insufficiently understood. In this work, non-activated carbon materials were prepared from Juglans regia (JR) and Allium sativum (AS) biomass by pyrolysis at 400 and 900 °C and evaluated for the removal of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG). Carbonization at 900 °C markedly enhanced porosity, yielding a surface area of 790 m2 g−1 for JR900 and 177 m2 g−1 for AS900, together with predominantly microporous structures and negatively charged surfaces at neutral pH. The pseudo-second-order model best described adsorption kinetics, while intraparticle diffusion analysis indicated a multistep adsorption process. Equilibrium data were well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. JR900 exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for MB (321 mg g−1) and RB (304 mg g−1), whereas AS900 showed superior performance toward MG (278 mg g−1). Stable dynamic filtration, efficient regeneration, and nearly complete dye recovery demonstrate the potential of these non-activated biomass-derived carbons for sustainable dye removal and recovery from water.

Hematological malignancies remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite advances in targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Emerging evidence indicates that treatment efficacy and toxicity depend not only on the choice of therapy but also on its timing relative to the patient's internal circadian rhythm. The circadian clock orchestrates fundamental processes in hematopoiesis and immunity, such as stem‐cell proliferation, leukocyte trafficking, DNA repair, and drug metabolism, while its disruption promotes malignant transformation, therapeutic resistance, and systemic toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes current understanding of circadian regulation in hematopoietic and immune systems, the mechanistic and preclinical foundations of chronotherapy in blood cancers, and the limited but growing body of clinical evidence linking treatment timing with outcome in leukemia, lymphoma, and transplantation. The review also examines practical challenges, including inter‐individual variability, disease‐induced circadian disruption, and hospital workflow constraints, while highlighting emerging technologies, such as transcriptomic clocks, wearable biosensors, and AI‐driven scheduling algorithms, that are poised to enable personalized, time‐aware therapy. By integrating temporal precision into existing therapeutic frameworks, chronotherapy may represent a promising investigational dimension of precision medicine in hematological oncology. However, its clinical value remains to be defined through prospective studies that incorporate validated circadian biomarkers, predefined timing windows, and clinically meaningful efficacy and toxicity endpoints.

To improve sustainability and reduce the production costs of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), the use of locally available aggregates is highly desirable. The combined impact of aggregate type and different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the fresh and mechanical properties of UHPC is not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore, quartz, limestone, and diabase aggregates together with different SCM combinations were used in the experimental investigation of eighteen UHPC mixtures. Laboratory tests, including flow table, compressive strength, and flexural strength tests, were performed to evaluate the performance of the mixtures. Mixtures containing limestone and fly ash (FA) generally showed higher workability compared to those containing metakaolin (MK). The highest compressive strengths were achieved in mixtures with quartz sand (average 110 MPa) containing approximately 20% MK relative to the total binder content. The mixture with optimal particle distribution and the lowest cement content (500 kg/m3) also showed extremely high mechanical performance. Based on the obtained flexural-to-compressive strength ratios (fb/fc), the expression fc ≈ 7·fb was proposed to estimate the compressive strength of similar fiber-free UHPC mixtures. Furthermore, heat-treated specimens exhibited a 45% higher compressive strength after 7 days compared to the reference mixture, while the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers caused a slight decrease in compressive strength of approximately 4%. The obtained results contribute to the development of mechanically efficient UHPC mixtures with optimized particle packing and reduced cement consumption, which may improve the sustainability of UHPC production.

The rapid expansion of AI-driven information infrastructure, particularly data centers, is placing unprecedented pressure on power systems and accelerating the pace at which new assets must interconnect with the grid. As bulk transmission expansion rolls out slowly, new loads and generation are increasingly deployed within existing network constraints. Agentic AI is urgently needed to automate the numerous and repetitive connection processes, but its maturity has not been systematically validated on complex tasks and large-scale systems. We replicate the current state of the art in agentic AI for power systems planning and evaluate it against a structured suite of nodal planning problems spanning six levels of task complexity and four grid scales. We find that only the two lowest complexity levels are solvable on some of the test grid sizes, and identify the specific capability upgrades required to close this gap. Adopting stricter testing protocols and reproducible evaluation benchmarks is essential for assessing both genuine progress and the operational readiness of agentic AI.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a major contributor to liver- and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. These national guidelines provide the first country-specific, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of MASLD, covering the full disease spectrum from steatosis to cirrhosis and its complications. MASLD management is based on a coordinated, stepwise model across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels, with primary healthcare serving as the central gatekeeper and coordinator of care. Active case-finding of clinically significant fibrosis is emphasized, particularly in high-risk populations, such as individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity. Primary healthcare plays a key role in early risk assessment through systematic evaluation of metabolic risk factors and first-line use of simple non-invasive tools, notably the FIB-4 index. A stepwise non-invasive diagnostic algorithm is recommended, with elastography (preferably vibration-controlled transient elastography or 2D shear wave elastography where available) used for further assessment in patients with indeterminate or high-risk results. Lifestyle modification and optimal management of cardiometabolic comorbidities remain the foundations of MASLD treatment. In eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or overweight or obesity, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be considered, while bariatric surgery represents an option for selected individuals with persistent obesity. Advanced MASLD, including cirrhosis, requires multidisciplinary management, surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma, and evaluation for liver transplantation in cases of decompensation. These guidelines aim to standardize MASLD care in Bosnia and Herzegovina and strengthen the pivotal role of primary healthcare within the national MASLD care pathway.

Semaglutide is recognised for its superior effects on glycaemic control and weight management. However, the clinical outcomes following semaglutide discontinuation are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and metabolic consequences of such switch. This was a retrospective cohort study utilising a non-interventional, single-arm, before-and-after design. This study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes who discontinued semaglutide and transitioned to alternative regimens. Key metabolic parameters, such as body weight, glycated haemoglobin, fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid profiles, were extracted from medical records at baseline and at 6 months post-switch. Across the entire cohort, no significant changes were observed in any metabolic parameter between baseline and the follow-up, suggesting short-term metabolic stability. However, subgroup analyses revealed notable trends: patients switched to dulaglutide and liraglutide tended to exhibit deteriorating glycaemic control and body weight gain. In contrast, the basal insulin group showed relatively stable body weight. The trends of weight regain and worsening glycaemic control following transition to less potent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are consistent with semaglutide’s superior metabolic efficacy. Nonetheless, the study’s limited statistical power and short duration may obscure subtle but clinically meaningful changes. These findings suggest that long-term alternative regimens may not fully sustain the metabolic benefits achieved with semaglutide.

Importance Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Assessing the LDL-C-related burden is critical for guiding prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives To estimate the global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke attributable to elevated LDL-C (relative to 35-54 mg/dL) from 1990 to 2023 and to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, risk-deleted burden, and exposure changes to burden trends. Design, Setting, and Population This comparative risk assessment, part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, estimated population-level LDL-C exposure and associated health loss in 204 countries and territories. Mean LDL-C levels were estimated using spatiotemporal gaussian process regression based on 806 studies across 161 countries. Relative risks were derived from meta-analyses of 38 randomized clinical trials. Population-attributable fractions for deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated by age and sex for adults aged 25 years or older from 1990 to 2023, with 95% uncertainty intervals. Exposure Population-level LDL-C concentrations. Main Outcomes and Measures Population-attributable fractions, counts, and rates (all ages and age standardized per 100 000) of LDL-C-attributable deaths and DALYs from ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, with uncertainty intervals. Results In 2023, elevated LDL-C accounted for 3.6 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval, 2.2-5.4 million; 6.0% of global mortality) and 90.7 million DALYs (95% uncertainty interval, 58.9-123.3 million; 3.2% of DALYs). Although global all-ages rates remained stable, age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased by 45.6% and 39.5%, respectively, since 1990. In 2023, age-standardized LDL-C-attributable DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in high-income Asia-Pacific. One-third of the global LDL-C burden occurred in India and China. Population growth and aging drove the increasing burden, with notable regional disparities in LDL-C exposure and risk-deleted DALY rates shifting toward middle-sociodemographic settings. Conclusions and Relevance Despite declining age-standardized rates, the absolute LDL-C burden has increased since 1990 due to demographic changes and has shifted toward middle-sociodemographic countries. Measurement and surveillance gaps persist. Strengthened prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access strategies are essential to mitigate the health burden of LDL-C.

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) increasingly support high-stakes decision making by combining complementary information from images and text. While existing explainability methods identify influential image regions or text tokens, they cannot answer a fundamental question: which modality drives a prediction? Consequently, a model may produce the correct output while relying on the wrong source of evidence, masking shortcut learning and unsafe reasoning. We formulate modality attribution as a complementary explainability objective for multimodal foundation models and propose Counterfactual Modality Attribution (CMA), the first framework for quantifying modality-level contributions in MLLMs. CMA generates image-only, text-only, and joint multimodal counterfactuals using coupled diffusion priors and converts them into principled modality attribution scores through a cooperative game-theoretic formulation based on Shapley values. We evaluate CMA on controlled synthetic benchmarks with known ground-truth modality reliance and on a real-world multimodal clinical dataset. CMA correctly identifies the decision-driving modality in 98% of controlled cases and consistently outperforms baselines, revealing failures of cross-modal reasoning that remain invisible to predictive accuracy alone. Our results establish modality attribution as a complementary dimension of explainability beyond feature attribution, providing a principled framework for auditing multimodal foundation models in safety-critical applications.