In post-Yugoslav spaces, democracy has not been won by independent and robust social groups that can act as a counterweight to the state structure, with formed interests that act "transformatively"; not directing political change and form the basis of political pluralism. In the processes of political and social transformation of society, pragmatism is a dangerous thing, and the apparent tendency of key political actors to follow the "speech of Europe" in their daily political practice without taking into the content. Ethnonationalism does not bring political scenes a socioeconomic system that would already be independently formed, with appropriate bearers of transformative interests and competing "projects" of the new order. Therefore, the worst uncertainty and fragility can slow down the normalization process and other unplanned consequences. The class of nationalist capitalists, political-economic oligarchies, during the conflicts, takes control of the state apparatus and ownership of economic resources, constituting "nation-states"; unilateral expropriation presented as a self-legitimizing act by which the whole society realizes its being in the form of sovereignty and embodies itself by constituting its "nation-state". Within the notion of "captured states," we can speak from the social property, which is privatized by post-war "tycoons;" supporting authoritarian rulers linked to kleptocracy as a strategy to maintain stability undermines the EU accession process. Civil resistance is not progressive, and all should define life in a democratic society. It is an urgent task of building a civic or democratic political culture, which is inconceivable without a built civil society. Even the banal level of democracy will not survive for a long time, and more countries are moving towards unequivocal authoritarianism and pure illiberalism. Keywords : Former Yugoslavia, kleptocracy, authoritarianism, defective democracy, political culture, civil society DOI : 10.7176/IAGS/86-04 Publication date :September 30th 2020

This paper focuses on the design of an adaptive controller for read/write (R/W) head servo system in a hard disk drive (HDD). In this control system a reference model-based adaptive loop is added to the inner feedback loop with the PID controller. The parameters of the PID controller are computed using PID tuner within Matlab/Simulink. The normalized MIT rule is then used to tune the controller parameters in order to reduce an error between the reference model and actual system. The main objective is to provide accurate and fast positioning of the R/W head and to ensure a fast response of the arm actuator. The performance of the designed system is evaluated through simulations taking into account an influence of changes in the system parameters as well as the effect of external disturbances acting.

The paper deals with the moving object tracking in dynamic environments, which is one of the most important problems in the field of computer vision. Over the last decade, an intensive work has been extensively done to create smart, autonomous vehicles that provide very precise and fast algorithms for the object detection and tracking. Our paper elaborates and demonstrates how it can be possible to monitor the trajectory of moving objects with high precision using sensor data, where the detection has been previously done. The standard Kalman Filter is described as an introduction to the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) which was used for the algorithm implementation. Therefore, a problem of choosing model equations is also described, as well as the KITTI dataset used for the object detection. The main contribution of this paper includes an algorithm for the trajectory tracking that is capable to predict the position of moving objects. This algorithm is verified by experiments using realistic dataset.

Abstract In this paper, changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments during the vegetation season in the leaves of Phragmites communis Trin., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Trapa natans L. and Utricularia vulgaris L. in the area of Bardača fishpond (Sinjak pond) were monitored. Physical and chemical characteristics of water are defined in order to determine their association with the content of photosynthetic pigments. The obtained results indicate the specificity in the content of photosynthetic pigments between aquatic macrophytes and significant variations during the vegetation season. The maximum content of pigments was determined in the leaves of the emerged species, while the minimum content was measured in the submerged and floating leaves. The investigated macrophytic species showed a similar trend in the total chlorophyll content during the vegetation period; with two maximums recorded – May and September, while the minimum values were recorded with the senescence process (October). Total chlorophyll and carotenoids were in a negative correlation with temperature, pH, saturation, water transparency and orthophosphate content in water. On the other hand, they were in a positive correlation with the content of nitrates in water. The correlation analysis of the physical and chemical parameters of water quality and the concentration of macrophytes photosynthetic pigments showed a significant influence of certain abiotic factors on the photosynthetic pigments’ content in the leaves of Phragmites communis Trin., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Trapa natans L. and Utricularia vulgaris L.

In post-war Herzegovina, the health services were significantly devastated and there was a great need for recovery and progress. The Faculty of Medicine was established in 1997 in Mostar. At the same time, in order to raise the level of health care, there was a need to educate nurses and other health workers. In accordance with the Munich Declaration and the Bologna Process, the Governing Board of the University of Mostar adopted a Decision on the establishment of the Health School, which began in October 2000 with the Study of Nursing, with the Study of Physiotherapy in 2001, and with the Study of Radiological Technology in 2002. We tried to make the programs in accordance with the programs of Health Schools in Zagreb, Sarajevo and Maribor, so that students could work in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), Croatia and the European Union after finishing their education in Mostar. Using the experience from the Faculty of Medicine, and the fact that most of the subjects were taught by visiting professors from Sarajevo, Zagreb, Split and Osijek, we introduced classes in shifts from the beginning, ie block teaching, which allows continuous learning. In addition to the three-year professional Study of Nursing, in 2003 the four-year university Study of Nursing also began. Since 2005, students in all studies have been enrolling in undergraduate university studies according to a new curriculum adapted to the Bologna Process. The Study of Sanitary Engineering and the Study of Midwifery were established in 2011 and 2014, respectively. The new building of the Faculty of Health Studies (FZS) on Bijeli brijeg, with modern space and equipment, which, along with the Faculty of Medicine and the University Clinical Hospital, makes up a modern biomedical center in Mostar, was completed in 2009 (Šimi 2016). In addition to being the most numerous and important health professionals, nurses and technicians form a key link in the fight for human health in the world. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, in the health care of most countries, nurses and midwives make up about 80% of qualified medical staff, and are involved in all life stages of human life. In fact, as much as they are numerical as professional, they are a powerful force that is introducing the changes needed to achieve the goal of ‘health for all people’ in the 21 century. Their scope of work covers a wide range of health services and is the foundation on which more or less most medical teams are based. They work in teams from prevention, enlightenment to the last phase of human life. In the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the combination of previous experiences with new achievements of the European Union is necessary, and this is done by the Faculty of Health Studies of the University of Mostar. Medical science is advancing more and more day by day, which means that doctors are constantly discovering new knowledge, entering previously unknown spheres. Therefore, what is foreseeable and what is already happening, is that the medical profession leaves certain activities to nurses and technicians (Lon ar 2017). In the process of continuous struggle for health, prevention and treatment, the role of a highly educated health worker is becoming increasingly important and he is certainly becoming an irreplaceable link in the process. The goal of our faculty is to educate the best possible health workers who, in addition to quality practical work, will gradually take over our teaching (Babi et al. 2017).

To tackle a specific class of engineering problems, in this paper, we propose an effectively integrated bat algorithm with simulated annealing for solving constrained optimization problems. Our proposed method (I-BASA) involves simulated annealing, Gaussian distribution, and a new mutation operator into the simple Bat algorithm to accelerate the search performance as well as to additionally improve the diversification of the whole space. The proposed method performs balancing between the grave exploitation of the Bat algorithm and global exploration of the Simulated annealing. The standard engineering benchmark problems from the literature were considered in the competition between our integrated method and the latest swarm intelligence algorithms in the area of design optimization. The simulations results show that I-BASA produces high-quality solutions as well as a low number of function evaluations.

This paper analyzes the vollatility spillover between the conventional index in Malaysia FTSE Malaysia KLCI (KLSE) and the Islamic index in Malaysia FTSE Bursa Malaysia Shariah Index (FTFBMHS). Monthly observations spanning in a period from 2002 to 2018 are obtained from investing.com database. GARCH model and Johansen cointegration test are used to investigate volatility spillover and the relationship between two indices. The results of the analysis indicate that in the short-run there is volatility spillover between FTSE Malaysia KLCI and FTSE Bursa Malaysia Shariah Index, while in the long-run there is no relationship between the two indices. The methodology of compiling Islamic indeces is based on Shariah law. Keywords: Conventional

In the modern telecommunication systems, mobility is one of the key advantage of wireless communications, given that it is possible to transmit/receive data, without caring of having a static position into the network. Of course, mobility poses special issues such as degradations, channel quality fluctuations, fast topology changes, and so on. Modern researches focus their attention on predicting mobile future node positions, in order to a-priori know, for example, what the evolution of the network topology will be or which level of stability each node will reach. Each prediction scheme is based on the storage and analysis of several historical mobility trajectories, in order to train the proper prediction algorithm. In this paper, we focus our attention on the optimization of the space needed to store historical mobility samples, encoding their values and evaluating the conversion error, comparing different encoding functions. Several simulation campaigns have been carried out in order to evaluate the goodness and feasibility of our proposal.

Abstract The paper proposes a discrete-time sliding mode controller for single input linear dynamical systems, under requirements of the fast response without overshoot and strong robustness to matched disturbances. The system input saturation is imposed during the design due to inevitable limitations of most actuators. The system disturbances are compensated by employing nonlinear estimation by integrating the signum of the sliding variable. Hence, the proposed control structure may be regarded as a super-twisting-like algorithm. The designed system stability is analyzed as well as the sliding manifold convergence conditions are derived using a discrete-time model of the system in the δ-domain. The results obtained theoretically have been verified by computer simulations.

Abstract The paper presents results of the measurements of the tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration and meteorological parameters: temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, speed and wind direction. The data were collected from January 2016 to December 2016 at station located in locality Centre (Banja Luka), Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ozone is one of the most harmful pollutants to plants and health and highly reactive secondary pollutant. The present study covers investigation of the relationship between the concentration of ozone and meteorological parameters as well as time variations of ozone concentration (by hours, months, seasons). This topic has not been studied up to now in this region, although the recent research data indicates that there is a correlation between them and previously obtained from the world’s relevant scientific centres, as already cited above. Statistical analysis confirms string of rolls, which shows directional connection between tropospheric ozone and meteorological parameters, specially temperature (r = 0.148), air pressure (r = –0.292) and relative humidity (r = –0.292). These parameters are the most important meteorological factors influencing the variation in ozone levels during the research. The correlation ozone concentrations with speed and direction of wind is not significant, like other parameters.

Introduction: Mathematical modeling of coronavirus disease spread and computer simulations are currently one of the main tools in public health that can give important indicators for prevention planning. Based on mathematical projections and daily updates of information, the measures are either tightened or reduced, in order to protect the health of the population. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a computer system based on an adequate mathematical model that allows frequent execution of various scenarios of spread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in any period in the future. Also, the aim of this article is to point out the importance of measures for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bosnia through examples of computer simulation models. Methods: Software solution based on the USLIRD model (Unpopulated - Susceptible - Latent - Infectious - Recovered - Deceased) was developed, with a number of variable parameters ‘reproduction number, delay period, infectivity period, hospital capacity, characteristics of population). By setting these parameters in accordance with the existing and available data, the model is brought to an optimized state with the possibility of a realistic assessment of the course of the infection curve in any future period. Data from the beginning of the pandemic are collected at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo and updated several times a day. The set of measures is divided into two types. 'Intervention 1' is a measure to close institutions that are at high risk for pandemics, working from home, wearing face mask, enhanced hygiene when entering facilities with a larger number of people. 'Intervention 2' presents restrictive measures that has been introduced as mandatory in Bosnia. The period 01.03.2020 to 01.09.2020 was observed. Results: Without epidemiological measures, Bosnia's health system would quickly collapse. Restrictive measures reduce the intensity of the spread of the infection, save human lives and keep the health system functional, but with consequences on other aspects of society - reduction of economic activities, collapse of the service industry and companies and disorders in mental health status of the population. Four different scenarios of the situation were analyzed. Scenario number three is current condition with measures that are currently in Bosnia. The reintroduction of restrictive measures leads to a decrease in the number of infected population and suppression of the spread of the pandemic, which is shown in scenario 4. Conclusion: Self-discipline, adherence to measures, while trying to avoid restrictive measures should be the way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Whatever the consequences, the initiation of restrictive measures to preserve the health of the population should be imperative.

While the genetic evolutionary features of solid tumour growth are becoming increasingly described, the spatial and physical nature of subclonal growth remains unclear. Here we utilise 102 macroscopic whole tumour images from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients, with matched genetic and phenotypic data from 756 biopsies. Utilising a digital image processing pipeline the boundaries between tumour and normal tissue were marked by a renal pathologist, and positions of boundary line and biopsy regions were extracted to X- and Y-coordinates. The coordinates were then integrated with genomic data to map exact spatial subclone locations, revealing how genetically distinct subclones grow and evolve spatially. A phenotype of advanced and more aggressive subclonal growth was present in the tumour centre, characterised by an elevated burden of somatic copy number alterations, higher necrosis, proliferation rate and Fuhrman grade. Moreover, metastasising subclones were found to preferentially originate from the tumour centre. Collectively these observations suggest a model of accelerated evolution in the tumour interior, with harsh hypoxic environmental conditions leading to heightened cellular turnover and greater opportunity for driver SCNAs to arise and expand due to selective advantage. Tumour subclone growth was found to be predominantly spatially contiguous in nature, with subclone dispersal a rare event found in two cases, which notably was associated with metastasis. In terms of genetic events, the largest subclones spatially were dominated by driver somatic copy number alterations, suggesting a large selective advantage can be conferred to subclones upon acquisition of these alterations. In conclusion, spatial dynamics is strongly associated with genomic alterations and plays an important role in tumour evolution.

Internet of Things (IoT) becomes an emerging network technology that expedites billions of devices to be connected via the Internet to provide real-time intelligent application services. The benefits of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can be used to fulfill IoT requirements. Quality of Service provisioning is an on-going demand in software-defined IoT (SD-IoT), particularly for large scale environments. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a seamless model of AI-aided Traffic Differentiated QoS Routing and Dynamic Offloading in distributed fragmentation optimized SDN-IoT. Firstly, we propose a Multi-Criterion based Deep Packet Inspection method for classifying the network traffic, which is held in Edge Routers (access points). Secondly, we construct a Partially Connected Network Topology using the ISOMAP algorithm for an effective rule placement and routing. We propose a Traffic Differentiated QoS Routing for forwarding data packets via the most suitable switches. We select the optimum route by Deep Alternative Neural Network (DANN). Based on the relationships among switches, the path is selected and flow rules are deployed. The poor QoS is often caused by load imbalance in controllers and switches. To overwhelm this issue, we propose a Dynamic Offloading scheme in SD-IoT. We offload the data packets from the overloaded controller to the underloaded controller using Hassanat Distance-based K-nearest neighbors (HDK-NN) algorithm. Similarly, we propose a Ranking-based Entropy function (R-Ef) to allow dynamic offloading among switches. Simulation is performed using the NS3.26 simulator and the results proved that our proposed AI-aided SD-IoT model provides superior QoS performance compared to previous approaches.