The use of renewable energy sources increases the energy self-sustainability of cities, enabling citizens to reduce energy costs, which results in an increase in their standard of living. However, solar energy penetration in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its capital Sarajevo, is not in line with the possibilities. Furthermore, the Sarajevo Canton is extremely polluted during the winter months because of the use of unacceptable heating fuel. The aim of this paper is to introduce photovoltaic power systems use in heating electrification system. In this paper AQI is calculated based on historical data and the hybrid model EMD-SARIMA for air pollution and a solar production forecast is presented. The methodology was tested in the Sarajevo Canton, taking into account 35,000 households. In order to ensure clean air, renewable electric energy use for household heating should be implemented. The widespread use of inefficient individual heating systems characterized by inefficient and expensive use of firewood and the use of coal in individual furnaces in populated areas are the main problems of internal and urban air pollution in Sarajevo Canton. In order to reduce energy poverty in Sarajevo Canton, the use of a floating photovoltaic power plant located on Lake Jablanica with a capacity of 30 MW and the solar prosumers with capacity of 115 MW to provide the 196 GWh necessary for heating electrification of 35,000 households is implemented in this paper. Finally, based on correlation between AQI forecast and solar production it was calculated that the values of the AQI, considering the application of solar energy during 150 days (five months) in one heating season, have significantly decreased. Also renewable energy sources have a very important role in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere and reducing urban pollution. With this approach, households would be heated by renewable electricity, which would make Sarajevo a cleaner, smarter city.

In this paper, transcultural nursing is reviewed in light of bioethical issues arising from the interpretation of mental illness in some Western Sub-Saharan African communities. Four field studies were carried out by the authors of this paper in Sub-Saharan Africa (from 2016 to 2019), during which the traditional “treatment” of enchaining people considered “crazy” by local cultures was explored. These inhuman practices raise the attention of bioethics, which investigate ways to overcome this traditional practice not violating the cultural identity of the peoples who practice it. The model of Gregoire Ahongbonon and of his Association, “Saint Camille de Lellis”, is reported as an example of negotiation between the respect for traditions and the guarantee of human rights. The care practice in force in the Saint Camille is related to transcultural nursing as an adequate form of treatment and strategy for restoring patients’ dignity and rights.

Aim of study was to assess the visual acuity (VA) before and after correction with soft and rigid gas permeable contact lenses (CLs) in healthy subjects, as well as their visual perfomance, including contrast sensitivity function (CSF), and twilight vision (TV). 60 eyes corrected with soft contact lenses (SCLs) and 38 eyes with rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPCLs) were enrolled in this prospective study. The following measurements were obtained: best spectacle–corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), best contact lens-corrected visual acuity (BCLCVA), TV, and CSF. Parameters were evaluated before and after CLs fitting and 2 months after the baseline. Exclusion criteria included anterior and posterior segment pathology, amblyopia, prior CLs wear, and ocular surgery. When analyzing TV, results showed superiority of CLs to the spectacle correction, with no statistical difference regarding the CL type. As for the CSF, RGPCLs were superior to both SCLs and spectacle correction. Visual performance was better in group fitted with RGPCLs oppose to SCLs group. CL wear improved visual performance compared to spectacles. This is the first prospective study to simultaneously investigate changes in VA, CS, and TV in SCL and RGCL wear, suggesting RGPCLs as the correction of choice for achieving optimal visual performance.

Biodegradable porous silicon (pSi) particles are under development for drug delivery applications. The optimum particle size very much depends on medical use, and microparticles can outperform nanoparticles in specific instances. Here we demonstrate the ability of sedimentation to size-select ultrasmall (1–10 μm) nanoporous microparticles in common solvents. Size tunability is quantified for 1–24 h of sedimentation. Experimental values of settling times in ethanol and water are compared to those calculated using Stokes’ Law. Differences can arise due to particle agglomeration, internal gas generation and incomplete wetting. Air-dried and supercritically-dried pSi powders are shown to have, for example, their median diameter d (0.5) particle sizes reduced from 13 to 1 μm and from 20 to 3 μm, using sedimentation times of 6 and 2 h respectively. Such filtered microparticles also have much narrower size distributions and are hence suitable for administration in 27 gauge microneedles, commonly used in intravitreal drug delivery.

We present and thoroughly characterize a large collection of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as A2BAR antagonists, an emerging strategy in cancer (immuno) therapy. Most compounds selectively bind A2BAR, with a number of potent and selective antagonists further confirmed by functional cyclic adenosine monophosphate experiments. The series was analyzed with one of the most exhaustive free energy perturbation studies on a GPCR, obtaining an accurate model of the structure-activity relationship of this chemotype. The stereospecific binding modeled for this scaffold was confirmed by resolving the two most potent ligands [(±)-47, and (±)-38 Ki = 10.20 and 23.6 nM, respectively] into their two enantiomers, isolating the affinity on the corresponding (S)-eutomers (Ki = 6.30 and 11.10 nM, respectively). The assessment of the effect in representative cytochromes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) demonstrated insignificant inhibitory activity, while in vitro experiments in three prostate cancer cells demonstrated that this pair of compounds exhibits a pronounced antimetastatic effect.

Two-dimensional 1H transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a platform, analogous to group IV cubic semiconductor alloys (${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Ge}$), that enables systematic investigations on the effects of alloying in 2D material systems. The existing literature on TMD alloys explores their electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, but lacks a comprehensive analysis of thermal transport in supported and nanostructured systems. Here we employ first-principles-driven phonon Boltzmann transport formalism and a 2D-3D thermal boundary conductance model to systematically study in-plane and cross-plane phonon transport of suspended and ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ supported single-layer TMD alloys. We find that the thermal conductivity of alloyed TMDs is dependent on system size up to tens of microns and that the combination of mass-difference and substrate scattering can significantly reduce thermal transport even in large systems ($g500$ nm). Beyond in-plane transport, we find that the thermal boundary conductance displays a qualitatively different trend and significantly weaker modulation with alloy composition as compared to the thermal conductivity. Our results help shed light on the in-plane and cross-plane thermal transport properties of 2D single-layer TMD alloys and further their applications in nanoelectronics, sensing, and energy devices.

In this paper, we explore the dynamics of a certain class of Beddington host-parasitoid models, where in each generation a constant portion of hosts is safe from attack by parasitoids, and the Ricker equation governs the host population. Using the intrinsic growth rate of the host population that is not safe from parasitoids as a bifurcation parameter, we prove that the system can either undergo a period-doubling or a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation when the unique interior steady state loses its stability. Then, we apply the new theory to the following well-known cases: May’s model, [Formula: see text]-model, Hassel and Varley (HV)-model, parasitoid-parasitoid (PP) model and [Formula: see text] model. We use numerical simulations to confirm our theoretical results.

The string-matching paradigm is applied in every computer science and science branch in general. The existence of a plethora of string-matching algorithms makes it hard to choose the best one for any particular case. Expressing, measuring, and testing algorithm efficiency is a challenging task with many potential pitfalls. Algorithm efficiency can be measured based on the usage of different resources. In software engineering, algorithmic productivity is a property of an algorithm execution identified with the computational resources the algorithm consumes. Resource usage in algorithm execution could be determined, and for maximum efficiency, the goal is to minimize resource usage. Guided by the fact that standard measures of algorithm efficiency, such as execution time, directly depend on the number of executed actions. Without touching the problematics of computer power consumption or memory, which also depends on the algorithm type and the techniques used in algorithm development, we have developed a methodology which enables the researchers to choose an efficient algorithm for a specific domain. String searching algorithms efficiency is usually observed independently from the domain texts being searched. This research paper aims to present the idea that algorithm efficiency depends on the properties of searched string and properties of the texts being searched, accompanied by the theoretical analysis of the proposed approach. In the proposed methodology, algorithm efficiency is expressed through character comparison count metrics. The character comparison count metrics is a formal quantitative measure independent of algorithm implementation subtleties and computer platform differences. The model is developed for a particular problem domain by using appropriate domain data (patterns and texts) and provides for a specific domain the ranking of algorithms according to the patterns’ entropy. The proposed approach is limited to on-line exact string-matching problems based on information entropy for a search pattern. Meticulous empirical testing depicts the methodology implementation and purports soundness of the methodology.

Konformizam se obično posmatra kao oblik socijalnog utjecaja gdje se pojedinac prilagođava grupi, odnosno, gdje pojedinac mijenja svoje stavove i ponašanja i prilagođava ih stavovima i ponašanjima grupe kojoj pripada ili kojoj želi da pripada. Cilj ovog rada jeste naglašavanje potrebe da se konformiranje grupi razlikuje od pokornosti grupi. Konformiranje grupi prati želja da se bude što sličniji većini, da se prisvoje grupne vrijednosti ili saznanja, pri čemu pojedinac sam bira da li će se prikloniti grupi ili većini.

Ljudi o sebi vole misliti kao samostalnima, kriticki svjesnima, individuama koje nisu pijuni i koje imaju stav, ne pokoravajuci se vecini, imuni su na socijalne zaraze. Ipak, svakodnevno smo izloženi socijalnom utjecaju drugih. Sklonost da cinimo osnovnu atribucijsku gresku, odnosno, da vlastito i tuđe ponasanje objasnjavamo iskljucivo osobinama licnosti, podcjenjuje snagu i važnost tog utjecaja. Kako bi sacuvao svoje samopostovanje i, istovremeno, bio ravnopravnim dijelom grupe, covjek se pokorava socijalnom utjecaju, težeci da pronađe savrsenu ravnotežu između onog sto sam želi i ocekivanja grupe kojoj pripada.Naucno proucavanje vrijednosnih orijentacija, kao i vrijednosti uopce, ima veliki naucni, ali i drustveni znacaj, jer se radi o proucavanju faktora koji pokrecu i usmjeravaju ponasanje pojedinca i grupe. Ispitivanje preferencija konformizma i aktivizma – opceg i drustvenog – kao vrijednosnih orijentacija urađeno je na uzorku od 106 odraslih osoba s podrucja Bosanske krajine. Uzorak je cinilo 60 žena (56.6%), a starost ispitanika bila je između 19 i 77 godina.Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako prisutnost konformizma te opceg i drustvenog aktivizma kao vrijednosnih orijentacija u tradicionalnom drustvu nije visoka te se može ocekivati da je danas, u XXI stoljecu, i u tradicionalnim sredinama ojacan individiualizam, a da se napusta kolektivizam i održavanje grupne kohezije kao tradicionalne vrijednosti.

Man in ecology as a multidisciplinary scientific field is one of the key ecological factors of the environment. Viewed historically, in its existence it is constantly changing and influencing the natural environment and adapting it to its needs. Namely, considering in general, we are witnesses that today's situation on Earth is greatly disturbed from the point of view of human influence and ecology. We are also witnessing multiple changes and consequences of environmental damage that occur in the context of global environmental problems or even environmental crises. Some of the major environmental problems faced by today's man are: climate change, the emergence of the "greenhouse effect", damage to the ozone layer and the emergence of so-called. ozone "holes", pollution of environmental media such as soil, water and air, biodiversity loss, waste, uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, radioactivity, desertification and more. Global ecological problems, i.e. their emergence, are associated with the emergence of an irrational relationship and the creation of a rift between man himself and nature. In addition to the above, their occurrence is also associated with the effects of various sources of environmental pollution. Precisely because of all the above, the paper analyzes and deals with the role of man as an ecological factor and some of the listed global environmental problems of today, taking into account the short Islamic aspect.

Obrazovno postignuće već nekoliko godina zaokuplja pažnju istraživača, što je rezultiralo velikim brojem istraživanja koja ispituju brojne faktore koji pridonose obrazovnom i akademskom postignuću učenika i studenata. Cilj rada je teorijska obrada pojmova osobina ličnosti i obrazovnog uspjeha, navođenje i analiziranje dostupnih definicija i uvid u pregled literature relevantnih autora koji su sa svojim radovima doprinijeli razumijevanju povezanosti i predikcije osobina ličnosti s obrazovnim, odnosno, akademskim uspjehom. U ovom preglednom radu iznesen je prikaz relevantnih naučnih radova, prikaz o mogućnostima objašnjavanja obrazovnog uspjeha učenika osnovne, srednje škole i akademskog uspjeha studenata na temelju različitih osobina ličnosti. Prikazan je doprinos svake od razmatrane osobine ličnosti u objašnjenju akademskog uspjeha. Prikazana dosadašnja istraživanja u ovom radu dala su određene podatke koji govore u prilog pozitivne povezanosti i predikcije osobina ličnosti Petofaktorskog modela ličnosti i akademskog uspjeha.

Melanomacrophages of fish are commonly explored as biomarkers of water pollution and are considered to be sensitive albeit non-specific health indicators in water ecosystems. Sharks as long living marine species are good sentinel species. This study presents morphometric data for splenic and hepatic melanomacrophages (MMC), and observed histopathology in ten lesser-spotted catsharks, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.), one of the most abundant shark species in the eastern Adriatic Sea. At necropsy, we collected random tissue samples from liver, brain, gallblader, pancreas, spleen, kidney, gills, entire digestive system, thyroid gland, rectal gland, entire urogenital (male samples) and genital system (female samples). Collected tissue samples were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff, and Masson Trichrome for microscopic examinations and morphometry. There was a minimal number of histopathological lesions in the examined sharks, but morphometric values reported herein were three folds higher than in previous studies in free-ranging sharks. Studies on larger numbers of sharks are needed to elucidate the biological significance of our finding in the context of population decline of the lesser-spotted catshark.

Abstract Introduction. Present study was performed to verify red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to examine its correlation with clinical and biochemical indicators of disease activity status. Methods. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 67 patients with RA and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Based on the disease activity score 28-ESR (DAS28-ESR), RA patients were divided into subgroups: low disease activity (n = 20), moderate disease activity (n = 22) and high disease activity (n = 25). Laboratory tests included erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, platelet count (PLT), red blood cells count (RBC), red blood cells distribution width (RDW) and fibrinogen concentration. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 13 software. Statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. Results. There was statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) between RPR in RA patients with different stages of disease activity, with higher values in patients with low disease activity. The RPR showed statistically significant negative correlations with ESR (rho = –0.309; p = 0.012), CRP (rho = –0.421; p = 0.001), swollen joint count – SJC (rho = –0.368; p = 0.002) and tender joint count – TJC (rho = –0.355; p = 0.003), DAS28-ESR (rho = –0.409; p = 0.001), DAS28-CRP (rho = –0.422; p < 0.0005) and Visual analogue scale – VAS (rho = –0.260; p = 0.033) in RA patients. Conclusion. The present study provided evidence that the lower RPR values in RA patients are significantly associated with the disease activity indicators.

Yaḥyā b. Ziyād al-Farrā’ je živio krajem VIII i početkom IX stoljeća. Iako nije bio arapskog porijekla, Al-Farrā' je bio jedan od najvećih autoriteta arapskog jezika i jedan od utemeljitelja Kufanske gramatičke škole.Iza sebe je ostavio značajna djela koja su trasirala put narednim generacijama lingvista, a najznačajnija, koja su ga proslavila i sačuvala spomen na njega, jesu djela Maʻānī al-Qur’ān i Al-Ḥudūd.Specifične okolnosti i ideološka trvenja između tradicionalista i racionalista u periodu u kojem je živio ostavila su utjecaj na njega i njegove stavove u pogledu tumačenja nekih kur'anskih pitanja.