Societal importance and the quality of scientific research highly depend on the usefulness of the results of research for the societal and scientific community. The wish to allocate the funds to high-quali-ty research and to establish right criteria for scientific evaluation and academic career progression, make scientific criteria increasingly important to measure the quality of research and knowledge valorization. However, it is very difficult to apply the right criteria which can objectively assess scientific research. For many years, there has been a great interest in scientific ranking and evaluation of scientific journals, but also of sci-entific contribution of scientists. It is generally accepted that the IF (WoS) and the total number of citations of articles published in the journal, are the most relevant parameters of the journal's significance. However, the significance of a scientist and the value of their scientific production are much more complicated to evaluate and they cannot be directly reflected by the importance of the journals in which their articles are published. In this article, the authors describe and evaluate the most known scientific databases which are used in science. The majority of existing science metric systems, which evaluate the achievement of scientists are focused solely on the number of citations of their articles. For example, H-index, which is calculated as the lowest ranked ar-ticle which number of citations matches its ranking number, has considerable shortcoming because it does not take into account the individual contribution of each author and allows expanding author lists with authors whose contribution may be insignificant or none. Therefore, the authors propose Z-score, as a new science met-ric system, which takes into account the author's contribution to the scientific article and greatly remedy major discrepancies in evaluating scientific production of individual authors and institutions.

Abstract Soil pH is generally considered a master variable, controlling a wide range of physical, chemical and biological properties, including a significant effect on microbial processes responsible for production and consumption of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Evidence of this pH impact on microbial denitrification mainly stems from observations in controlled laboratory experiments, while the results from field studies are mainly short-term, more variable and circumstantial. Soil pH is also one of the main factors controlling the availability of soil phosphorous (P), which has been also linked with N2O emissions. Here, we utilised an existing intensive grassland liming and P trial to investigate the effect of longer-term lime and P management and their interaction on N2O emissions and grassland productivity. The treatment plots were subject to different liming and P fertilisation strategies over 8 years and had a wide gradient of soil pH (5.1–6.9) and extractable P (2.3–8.3 mg kg−1). All plots received a total of 300 kg ha−1 of fertiliser nitrogen (N), applied in 8 splits across the growing season. N2O emissions, soil mineral N and grass yields were measured over 12-month period. We found a negative linear relationship between soil pH and cumulative N2O emissions, with a decrease in N2O emissions up to 39 % from limed plots compared to the unlimed control. The same effect was observed in relation to N2O emission factors and yield-scaled N2O emissions. Extractable soil P content had positive effect on yields, but no effect of P or P and pH interaction was observed in terms of direct N2O emissions or yield-scaled N2O emissions. We estimated that the increase in soil pH of grasslands in Ireland over the last 12 years potentially reduced national N2O emissions by 95 Gg CO2-eq yr−1, with potential for a further reduction by up to 254 Gg CO2-eq yr−1 if all the remaining acidic soils are brought up to optimal pH.

Abstract One of the most important environmental factors, which affects the environment of a healthy life is diet. About 75% of new diseases that have occurred since 2000 in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina have come from animals or products of animal origin. So-called zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans most often through food. In addition to zoonoses, contamination of soil, water, air and plants also affects, to a large extent, directly or indirectly the environment of a healthy life. Soil, air, water and plants can be contaminated with pollutants such as heavy metals in the soil or dangerous substances that produce certain types of mushrooms, all of which are transferred in many ways to food production processes. The research define the characteristics of a healthy living environment complemented with healthy food, then explain and demonstrate, on appropriate examples, what are the hazards or hazardous places in food production and show how to reduce the likelihood of their occurrence using the standard and applicable regulations.

A congenital hernia into the umbilical cord (CHUM) is often misinterpreted as a mild form of omphalocele. Herniated content in CHUM can be either the solitary intestinal loop or persistent omphalomesenteric duct (POMD) with the potential for traumatic injury in a case of inadequate examination of the umbilical cord and its clamping in the delivery room. Herein, we report a case of a male newborn with a functional bowel obstruction due to peritonitis caused by necrosis of iatrogenically clamped POMD in the CHUM. A 2-day-old full-term male infant was referred to the emergency department with a 1 day history of bilious vomiting, a gradual increase in abdominal distension, and absence of passage of meconium. The infant was born at 38 weeks’ gestation with a birthweight of 2,885 g. The baby was born following an uncomplicated pregnancy and a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. The Apgar scores were eight at both 1 and 5 min. On physical examination, his abdomen was slightly distended by an umbilical ligation clip placed approximately 2.5 cm from the enlarged base of the umbilical cord (Fig. 1a). The stump of the umbilical cord was thickened and red. The baby was pale and dehydrated. An abdominal radiograph showed dilated small bowel loops due to small bowel obstruction (Fig. 1b). After resuscitation, a surgical exploration via a circumumbilical incision revealed a clamped POMD in the umbilical cord. The top of the POMD was crushed by the umbilical cord clamp (Fig. 1c). The POMD was resected at its base on the ileal loop. The ileal loop was closed transversely using 5-0 Vicryl by single-layer extra mucosal-interrupted sutures. The postoperative recovery was uneventful at a follow up of 8 years. Evaluation of the umbilical cord is a routine part of every newborn examination in the delivery room. Any suspected abnormal thickening of the base of the umbilical cord or any other malformations found should be further evaluated by a neonatologist or pediatric surgeon. Congenital hernia into the umbilical cord is a type of ventral abdominal wall defect in which the bowel usually herniates into the base of normally inserted umbilical cord through a patent umbilical ring. The condition results from a failure of return of intestine loops following the physiological gut herniation around 10–12 weeks of gestation. Due to similar morphologic features, characterized by coverage of eviscerated abdominal contents with a sac comprising outer amnion and inner peritoneal lining, CHUM may be easily misdiagnosed as a small omphalocele. Unlike an omphalocele, CHUM has an intact abdominal wall with adequate muscle development and a complete umbilical ring covered by a small cuff of skin about ~2.5 cm. Congenital hernia into the umbilical cord is usually not linked to chromosomal abnormalities but cases of trisomy 13 associated with CHUM have been reported in the literature. However, if missed, this condition can lead to intestinal damage by a low-placed umbilical cord clamp as it is shown in our illustrative case. Although very rare, similar complications have been reported in the literature. The prevention of inadvertent bowel injury during cord clamping at delivery is possible with increased awareness and knowledge regarding CHUM. Primary prevention includes the prenatal sonographic CHUM detection characterized by intestinal protrusion only into the base of the hernia. The most important preventive measure if the umbilical cord is broad based is the umbilical cord clamping at a safe distance from the basis (at least 5 cm from the abdominal wall). In conclusion, a careful inspection of the umbilical cord of all newborns in the delivery room is essential to identify any clinically relevant umbilical abnormality (e.g., a persistence of CHUM with POMD). This would prevent any iatrogenic gut injury during umbilical cord clamping. Although these complications are rare, they should be kept in mind when performing umbilical cord clamping.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief overview of his contribution to medicine and psychology through which his unique scientific and religious approach to the study of the phenomena of human being can be best seen. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions. He observed a man in his entirety, taking into consideration all aspects of his existence, paying special attention to spiritual knowledge and spiritual perfection, religiosity, and methods of achieving inner peace and well-being.

BACKGROUND Indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms affects children's health and academic perfor-mance. The aim of this pilot study was to determine IAQ in elementary schools different in their inter-nal and external characteristics, in settings of COVID-19 epidemics. METHODS IAQ parameters: fine particulate matter (PM2,5) mass concentration, CO2 concentration, tempera-ture and relative humidity were measured in parallel in four elementary schools/classrooms during October (non-heating season) and four months (including holiday in January) of heating season. IAQ parameters were measured in settings of anti-epidemic restrictions (≤13 students in classroom, frequent ventilation). RESULTS During October, except in one school, PM2,5 concentrations were below the upper recommended value (25 μg/m³), but started rising in all schools in the heating season. The highest concentrations of PM2,5 were registered in two schools with closed or shortly opened windows. CO2 concentrations were mostly in the recommended range (up to 1000ppm) except in the school with constantly closed windows and in three schools in February when concentrations were higher. Except in one, the same school, and in January, both temperature and relative humidity were out of the recommended range (24,0-27,0°C in non-heating; 20,0-24,0°C in heating season; and 45-55%), with temperature mainly above and relative humidity mainly below it in three schools. The largest deviation in temperature and relative humidity were registered in urban schools. Registered differ-ences may be explained by different internal and external characteristics. CONCLUSION Despite anti-epidemic restrictions, most of the measured IAQ parameters were out of the recom-mended values in heating season. In addition, further deterioration of IAQ could be expected if all students had been presented in the classroom. Finally, to assure a healthy school environment in heating season, further optimisation of both indoor and outdoor conditions is needed in both pandemic and non-pandemic settings.

Head and neck cancers (HNC) occur in the upper aerodigestive tract and are among the most common cancers. The etiology of HNC is complex, involving many factors, including excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption; over the last two decades, oncogenic viruses have also been recognized as an important cause of HNC. Major etiological agents of nasopharynx carcinoma and oropharyngeal carcinoma include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs), both of which are able to interfere with cell cycle control. Additionally, the association of hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection was observed in oral cavity, oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Overall prognoses depend on anatomic site, stage, and viral status. Current treatment options, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are distributed in order to improve overall patient prognosis and survival rates. However, the interplay between viral genome sequences and the health, disease, geography, and ethnicity of the host are crucial for understanding the role of viruses and for development of potential personalized treatment and prevention strategies. This review provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of a vast field, including HNC risk factors, as well as viral mechanisms of infection and their role in HNC development. Additionally, currently available treatment options investigated through clinical practice are emphasized in the paper.

Acacetin, apigenin, chrysin, and pinocembrin are flavonoid aglycones found in foods such as parsley, honey, celery, and chamomile tea. Flavonoids can act as substrates and inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme, a heme containing enzyme responsible for the metabolism of one third of drugs on the market. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of selected flavonoids on the CYP3A4 enzyme, the kinetics of inhibition, the possible covalent binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme, and whether flavonoids can act as pseudo-irreversible inhibitors. For the determination of inhibition kinetics, nifedipine oxidation was used as a marker reaction. A hemochromopyridine test was used to assess the possible covalent binding to the heme, and incubation with dialysis was used in order to assess the reversibility of the inhibition. All the tested flavonoids inhibited the CYP3A4 enzyme activity. Chrysin was the most potent inhibitor: IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µM, Ki = 2.4 ± 1.0 µM, kinact = 0.07 ± 0.01 min−1, kinact/Ki = 0.03 min−1 µM−1. Chrysin caused the highest reduction of heme (94.5 ± 0.5% residual concentration). None of the tested flavonoids showed pseudo-irreversible inhibition. Although the inactivation of the CYP3A4 enzyme is caused by interaction with heme, inhibitor-heme adducts could not be trapped. These results indicate that flavonoids have the potential to inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme and interact with other drugs and medications. However, possible food–drug interactions have to be assessed clinically.

OBJECTIVE   We aimed to confirm whether serum on admission homocysteine level (HCY) and red cell distribution width (RDW) value are independent risk factors for MACE incidence in patients with STEMI myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as the possibility of their joint assessment in order to enhance the risk stratification for major adverse cardiac events (MACE). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 80 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included in the study and tested for blood HCY and RDW values. Patients were followed up for six months after discharge and evaluated for MACE occurrence. RESULTS The RDW value was significantly associated with HCY level (r=0.267, p=0.026). Univariate logistic regression analysis identified both the RDW and HCY as independent predictors of MACE (OR 2.179; CI 95% 1.250 to 3.797; p=0.006 and OR 1.108; CI 95% 1.013 to 1.213; p=0.025, respectively), naming RDW as a stronger predictor of unfavorable prognosis in AMI patients. Addition of HCY to RDW value in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis increased the area under the curve (AUC) from 0.705 to 0.730 (p=0.007), while risk prediction model, which also included traditional risk factors, increased AUC up to 0.806, implying this model as good predictor of MACE both in low-risk and high-risk STEMI patients. CONCLUSIONS A high baseline HCY level and RDW value in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI is independently associated with increased risk for MACE outcome. Their joint assessment increases risk prediction ability.

Purpose Data on the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) in infants is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring in infants who have experienced BRUE. Methods We conducted a prospective study of infants who were hospitalized on account of BRUE and required 24-hour MII-pH monitoring. Results Twenty-one infants (mean age, 4.7 months; range, 0.9–8.9 months; male/female, 11/10) participated in this study. BRUE symptoms associated with GER were found in 10 infants (47.6%). Based on the RI on pH-metry alone, only 7 (33.3%) infants were diagnosed with GERD. More than 100 GER episodes detected by MII were found in 10 (47.6%) infants. Nineteen percent of infants were diagnosed with GERD based on both pH and MII. Conclusion Both acid and non-acid reflux seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of GER-related BRUE in infants.

The critical zone (CZ) is the region of the Earth’s surface that extends from the bottom of the weathered bedrock to the tree canopy and is important because of its ability to store water and support ecosystems. A growing number of studies use active source shallow seismic refraction to explore and define the size and structure of the CZ across landscapes. However, measurement uncertainty and model resolution at depth are generally not evaluated, which makes the identification and interpretation of CZ features inconclusive. To reliably resolve seismic velocity with depth, we implement a Transdimensional Hierarchical Bayesian (THB) framework with reversible‐jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo to generate samples from the posterior distribution of velocity structures. We also perform 2D synthetic tests to explore how well THB traveltime inversion can resolve different subsurface velocity structures. We find that THB recovers both sharp changes in velocity as well as gradual velocity increases with depth. Furthermore, we explore the velocity structure in a series of ridge‐valley systems in northern California. The posterior velocity model shows an increasing thickness of low velocity material from channels to ridgetops along a transect parallel to bedding strike, implying a deeper weathering zone below ridgetops and hillslopes than below channels. The THB method enhances the ability to reliably image CZ structure, and the model uncertainty estimates it yields provides an objective way to interpret deep CZ structure. The method can be applied across other near‐surface studies, especially in the presence of significant surface topography.

The volume Remembrance and Forgiveness, edited by Ajlina Karamehić-Muratović and Laura Kromják, brings together a diversity of disciplines, authors, and cultural contexts to discuss the legacies of the post-Holocaust era genocides by focusing on the (de)mobilisation of memory in seeking truth, justice, and forgiveness. The book provides a compendious overview of the social, historical, and political contexts behind the insurgencies and gives a better sense of understanding of (the obstacles to) the healing process and reconciliation in the global frame.

A large number of researchers found their interest in addressing the issue of capacity scaling for wireless ad hoc networks. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of capacity scaling laws in wireless networks, highlighting the problem of scaling as one of the basic challenges in their research. The review began with the definition of the notion of bandwidth of random networks, which were taken as a reference model of consideration when determining more advanced strategies for improving throughput capacity. Based on these strategies, other factors that have an impact on capacity scaling laws have been identified and elaborated. Finally, the capacity of hybrid wireless networks, ie networks in which at least two types of nodes functionally exist (ad hoc nodes/infrastructure nodes / auxiliary nodes), was partially investigated.