The aim of this research was to summarize the relevant literature on wrist injuries in gymnasts and to determine the prevalence of injuries based on a systematic review of previous research. In sports gymnastics, the upper extremities are the bearers of the whole body, which leads to consequences such as wrist injuries. The types of injuries are different, depending on its excessive use. The combination of a period of rapid growth and intensive training creates the conditions for gymnasts to be more prone to injuries, especially wrist injuries. Electronic search of papers was performed in databases: KoBSON, PubMed and Google Academic, and the studies were published in the period from 2010 to 2020, while a descriptive method was used to analyse the obtained data. Based on the database search, 14 studies met the criteria. Subjects who participated in questionnaires and experiments and different types of corrective treatment, sought to prevent further progression of the injury, and most subjects made major progress in suppressing or completely regressing their wrist injury. Raising awareness of the existence of this injury is of great importance in sport gymnastics, so early detection and prevention of injury is crucial.

Abstract This paper describes influences of heat input on geometry of GMAW fillet welds of unalloyed steel with thicknesses of 8 mm. Welding current and speed are varied, as parameters influencing heat input, while weld size, reinforcement, penetration, dilution and weld asymmetry are considered as geometry properties. All of them are obtained through measurements on macro-sections. Influence of heat input on geometry is presented through the model based on regression analysis.

Recent studies on the heritability of methylation patterns in tumor cells, suggest that tumor heterogeneity and progression can be studied through methylation changes. To elucidate methylation-based evolution trajectories in tumors, we introduce a novel computational framework for methylation phylogeny reconstruction, leveraging single cell bisulfite treated whole genome sequencing data (scBS-seq), additionally incorporating copy number information inferred independently from matched single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, when available. Our framework consists of three components: (i) noise-minimizing site selection, (ii) likelihood-based sequencing error correction, and (iii) pairwise expected distance calculation for cells, all designed to mitigate the effect of noise and uncertainty due to data sparsity commonly observed in scBS-seq data. We validate our approach with the scBS-seq data of multi-regionally sampled colorectal cancer cells, and demonstrate that the cell lineages constructed by our method strongly correlate with original sampling regions. Additionally, we show that the constructed phylogeny can be used to impute missing entries, which, in turn, may help reduce sparsity issues in scBS-seq data sets. Contact: cenk.sahinalp@nih.gov