Abstract The most commonly farmed fish species in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s aquaculture are from the family Salmonidae, including brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis which is reared both for consumption and stocking purposes. A number of farmers complained about the elevated frequency of anatomical deformities in the smolts and fingerlings of brook trout, decreasing their fitness rate and causing significant financial loss. Since it has been shown that occurrence of deformities is correlated with the low genetic diversity and high inbreeding, this study aimed to assess intra- and interpopulation diversity of Salvelinus fontinalis from different freshwater fish farms in Bosnia and Herzegovina by observing variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genome. Total of 109 samples of brook trout from three hatcheries located at the Neretva River were analyzed for the mitochondrial control region and seven nuclear microsatellite loci. Both PCR-RFLP and sequencing revealed only one haplotype of the control region in all investigated trout. Overall, a low number of genotypes was evident across all the observed loci. Values of genetic diversity and polymorphic information content followed the increase in the number of alleles per locus. In general, values of inbreeding coefficient were generally very high, while the genetic diversity and observed heterozygosity had low rates. The results of our study are congruent with the findings of previous studies in which developmental deformities were concomitant with the low genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. It is, therefore, strongly advised to regularly supplement the broodstock with new, unrelated individuals, as it is of vital importance for sustaining a satisfying level of genetic diversity and preventing inbreeding depression. Additionally, maintaining good management practices regarding the fluctuation of water temperature, exposure to pollution, nutrition, etc., will further contribute to the prevention of this detrimental condition.

Abstract The paper consists of three parts. In the introduction and the first part of this paper are given basic theoretical considerations on possible ways for treatment of the neutral point in distribution grids with special reference to the method of neutral grounding of distribution transformers through a low ohmic resistor and a compensation coil. The second part gives the use analysis of a low ohmic resistor and a compensation coil as the future choice of neutral point grounding on the particular distribution grid powered by a substation TS 35/10 kV. In the third part of the paper, the results were obtained using an adequate dynamic distribution model, using the EMTP-ATP software package. Also, in this part, calculations are made for neutral grounding through a low ohmic resistor, a compensation coil, as well as in the case of isolated grids, and a comparison of the obtained values of the overvoltage coefficients.

Introduction: A promising strategy that can lead to longer brain cell survival after an acute stroke is therapeutic hypothermia. It represents a controlled decrease in body temperature for therapeutic reasons. It is increasingly represented as a therapeutic option and is one of the most challenging treatments that improves neurological recovery and treatment outcome in patients with acute stroke. Aim: To examine the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on liver enzymes in patients with diagnosis of stroke. Methods: A total of 101 patients diagnosed with acute stroke were treated. The first group (n=40) were treated with conventional treatment and therapeutic hypothermia, while the second group (n=61) only with conventional treatment. Cooling of the body to a target body temperature of 34°C to 35°C was performed for up to 24 hours. Outcome (survival or death) of treatment was monitored, degree of disability was determined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and assessment of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were taken at admission, after 24 hours, and were monitored upon discharge. Results: There was a significant difference in AST values at admission relative to disease outcome (p = 0.002), as well as for ALT (p = 0.008). In patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia, mean AST values decreased after 24 hours (32.50 to 31.00 IU/mL) as well as ALT values (27.50 to 26.50 IU/mL), without statistical significance. In the group of subjects who survived with sequela, AST values correlated with GCS (rho = -0.489; p = 0.002) and NIHSS (rho = 0.492; p = 0.003), ALT values correlated with GCS (rho = -0.356; p = 0.03) but not with NIHSS. Conclusion: AST and ALT values at admission correlate with the severity of the clinical picture. Therapeutic hypothermia is hepatoprotective and lowers AST and ALT values.

Abstract Background: The world tourism industry is subject to big changes. A number of tourists traveling steadily grows, resulting in turnover and income. The destinations, that tourists are attracted, to are numerous, and there are also newcomers who arrive to a certain destination for the first time. Nowadays, even some very distant places are on the travellers’ bucket lists. What is more, tourists are looking for authenticity, in terms of which the concept of ethno village proves to be such an example. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how this kind of tourism is regulated in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The emphasis will be on the study of specific ethno villages. Methods: Regarding the article, desk analysis will be done. The data were gathered from the world web, from the World Tourism Organisation’s data and from the data gathered from Slovenian and Bosnian national statistical office as well. The Excel was used for the analyses. Two examples of an ethno village are also described. Results: The ethno village as a part of rural tourism offers great opportunities for new work posts but capacities should be used to a greater extent and the problem of seasonality should also be overcome. All the key aims of rural development must be defined by the following strategy: the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural sector, the living standard of the population who lives from agriculture, creation of social and economic conditions in the rural regions; all of it within the National strategy of the rural development. Conclusions: Tourism industry is being developing as a part of modern touristic migration. There are more and more visitors coming overseas or coming from more remote places. They stay for a short period of time and they have different expectations as before.

OBJECTIVE Orthodontic anomalies with impaired facial aesthetics and disturbed oral functions have a major effect on emotional and social development. It is necessary to determine the degree of acceptance of treatment. This study includes an evaluation of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) according to the Aesthetic Component (AC) of dental health in schoolchildren. METHODS The research included 300 schoolchildren (150 girls, 150 boys) with an age range from 12 to 15 years. An evaluation of the need for orthodontic treatment according to the AC consisted of a ten-grade scale illustrated with a sequence of ten intraoral photographs showing different degrees of acceptability of dental appearance. Results were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi-square test (in the absence of the expected frequencies of Fisher's Exact test) was used for testing the significance of differences. Cohen's kappa statistic measure was used for measuring the agreement between the children and dentists. RESULTS There is a significant substantial agreement between children and dentists in assessing the need for orthodontic treatment. Differences in assessment of the degree of orthodontic anomalies by the doctor of dental medicine with respect to boys and girls, are negligible, and statistical analysis did not show any significant difference. Analysis of the need for orthodontic treatment with respect to the age of the children showed a significant difference. CONCLUSION The need for orthodontic treatment is more pronounced in older children, and there is no difference between boys and girl.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the potential link between gross capital formation and CO2 emissions by using the Toda and Yamamoto approach. The annual time-series data were collected for the period 1971-2014. Due to the fact that Kuwait aims to become a major trading hub by 2035, it has made significant efforts to improve the infrastructure. Moreover, Turkey is also making strong efforts to improve the manufacturing sector as well as infrastructure, and represents an important trading hub that links Europe with the Middle East. Thus, Turkey and Kuwait are expected to strengthen their economic ties and expand trade, which was the motivation for comparing the link of interest in these two countries. The study’s findings confirm the bidirectional links between all of the variables of interest not only in the case of Turkey but also in the case of Kuwait, suggesting some important policy implications.

Multimodality of input in incidental L2 vocabulary learning has recently been a topic of interest among language acquisition researchers, yet the results have been somewhat contradictory. This study seeks to compare the impacts of two different multimodalities on incidental L2 vocabulary learning, namely, reading-plus-watching (experimental group I) vs. reading-plus-listening (experimental group II), as compared to the reading only condition, which is included as a control measure. Experimental group I watched and read the transcriptions of four news texts with electronic glosses for the target words, while experimental group II read and listened to the same news texts again with electronic glosses for the same 20 target words. Next, the two experimental groups swapped roles with a new set of four news texts glossed for another group of 20 target words. The control group only read the same eight news texts without glosses. The results suggest that reading-plus-listening can be a more conducive multimodal presentation for incidental vocabulary learning as compared to reading-plus-watching. The results also challenge the validity of some principles of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning in incidental L2 vocabulary learning, while providing supporting evidence for some other principles.

The increasing incidence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Euro-Mediterranean area warrants the implementation of effective surveillance programs in animals. A crucial step in the fight against the disease is the evaluation of the capacity of the veterinary labs to accurately detect the infection in animal populations. In this context, the animal virology network of the MediLabSecure project organized an external quality assessment (EQA) to evaluate the WNV molecular and serological diagnostic capacities of beneficiary veterinary labs. Laboratories from 17 Mediterranean and Black Sea countries participated. The results of the triplex real time RT-PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of WNV lineage 1 (L1), lineage 2 (L2) and Usutu virus (USUV) were highly satisfactory, especially for L1 and L2, with detection rates of 97.9% and 100%, respectively. For USUV, 75% of the labs reported correct results. More limitations were observed for the generic detection of flaviviruses using conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), since only 46.1% reported correct results in the whole panel. As regards the serological panel, the results were excellent for the generic detection of WNV antibodies. More variability was observed for the specific detection of IgM antibodies with a higher percentage of incorrect results mainly in samples with low titers. This EQA provides a good overview of the WNV (and USUV) diagnostic performance of the involved veterinary labs and demonstrates that the implemented training program was successful in upgrading their diagnostic capacities.

Materials‐binding peptides have the capability to specifically recognize 2D nanomaterials and their modification via covalent attachment of nonnatural moieties offers exciting under‐explored possibilities to tune and exploit this recognition property. Here, an integrated suite of experimental approaches is used to reveal how conjugation of a fatty‐acid chain modifies surface adsorption of a graphene‐binding peptide, P1, achieved using quartz crystal microbalance measurements to access biomolecule adsorption free energies at the aqueous graphene interface, atomic force microscopy to investigate the overlayer morphologies, and circular dichroism spectroscopy to probe peptide secondary structures in the unadsorbed state. To complement these data, replica‐exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics simulations predict the conformations of these biomolecules in both the surface‐bound and unbound states. Conjugation of the fatty acid dramatically modifies the surface‐adsorbed conformations. However, these conformational changes do not lead to substantial differences in the graphene binding strengths for each of the biomolecules studied, due to enthalpic/entropic compensation arising from changes to the contributions of peptide/graphene, peptide/fatty acid, and fatty acid/graphene interactions. These findings provide a fundamental basis for guiding future modification of materials‐binding peptides to adapt their binding propensities for applications using 2D nanomaterials.

Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20128-w

There is an urgent need to apply available technologies to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry. One of the possible solutions that can be implemented immediately is the industrial symbiosis between the waste-producing industries on the one hand and the cement industry, which consumes enormous amounts of raw materials for its production, on the other. In order for the industry to accelerate the use of these available materials and technologies, the potential of these materials must be disclosed. The present study shows a systematic approach to assess the potential of waste materials, by-products, and other raw materials available in the South East Europe that can be used in cement production. Their evaluation included the analysis of their availability, their chemical and physical properties, their chemical reactivity, and their contribution to the mortar’s strength. Based on the results and the analyses carried out, a recommendation for immediate use in the construction sector is given for each of the materials collected.

In recent decades, conventional medicine has begun to include natural remedies and spiritual therapy in the treatment of people with mental disorders, and in recent years, physicians and healthcare professionals more often refer to alternative and complementary methods in the treatment of mental disorders. Alternative medicine includes “other treatments” and a more suitable term would be complementary medicine which supplements the definition of conventional medicine ac-cepted by the World Health Organization. After the rise of pharmaceutical industry in the second half of the 20 th century and significant advancement in the treatment of mental disorders, comes a period of disappointment and acceptance of the fact that synthetic drugs are not omnipotent and may have serious and unpleasant side-effects. Due to this fact, there is a growing interest in the treatment of mental disorders with the use of complementary methods. It is important to note that these methods are not a substitute for standard treatment procedures and their appropriate application does not diminish the importance of classical treatment of psychiatric disorders. Numerous patients refuse classical therapy and seek the help of complementary medicine methods. It is therefore important for physicians and healthcare professionals to have knowledge of complementary medicine which is science based and advises on treatment methods provided they are scientifically justified.