In the protection of historical heritage evaluating the current state of a facility is a very important phase since it provides for the project framework and the decision-making guidelines, which is all crucial for the final goal – protection of Gradačac Old Town complex. There are several historical layers encompassed by Gradačac Old Town - starting from the medieval fortification system, expanding to the Ottomans’ period where main buildings (a residential tower, a clock tower, and a mosque) were added by the Ottomans, extending and continuing the works on adding a library and a gymnasium in the Austro-Hungarian period. The overall Complex flows with the natural morphology of the terrain; nowadays these green areas are used as the main city park. Complex of Gradačac has two separate fortification zones, the main area of around 33 000 m2, and the accentuated part with the tower, of around 3 000 m2. The fortification (The Old Town) ground plan is approximately a square one, with sides from 180 to 200 m, consisting of the two main parts: The Lower and the Upper City. In the north-west area, there’s the Upper City (fortification inside the fortification, namely Husein-Captain Gradaščević’s Tower). The Old Town is accessed through three gates: The North (the main gate), the South, and the West gate. Upper City with Husein-Captain Gradaščević’s tower is positioned on the topmost point in the north side of the fortification complex. It rests on a terrace which encloses it from the south and the east side. On the north side of the Upper City, there are outer perimeter walls constituent to the whole of the Complex. Architectural heritage preservation and valorisation are increasingly important social and economic issue in many countries. The issues encountered in these undertakings range from defining and choosing required level of safety, via the question of electing methodologies relevant for contracting reliable structural analyses and safety check-ups, up to choosing the design and installation of suitable materials, and the intervention.

The unexpected loss of values, as one result of the total destruction during the armed conflicts and war, put us on the challenge to properly decide about methods of rehabilitation, and integrating and understanding values and actions that could vary from restoration to, in many cases, even full reconstruction. During the 1992-1995 war in BiH, many valuable assets of cultural heritage like national monuments, historical places, and historical structures were damaged and/or destroyed. After the aggression, the first step has been to regain and/or establish the function of the places destroyed, while for the cultural heritage assets these attempts called for the approaches more careful. It is not only that the importance or the significance of places and structures destructed is different, the level of destruction also is. These inputs are essential in having preparedness for any action when without possibilities to rely on unique methodology. Even though it is now 20 years after the conflict, Bosnia is still faced with the post-war recovery efforts, with problems newly occurred that are the outcomes of unsuccessfully implemented methods of rehabilitation. This paper aims to present an overview of the interventions implemented within Bosnia and Herzegovina given in respect to the typology of a building, its importance including intangible values and the level of its destruction. Giving examples of Ferhadija/Ferhat Pasha Mosque in Banja Luka and the Old Bridge in Mostar – the examples of total reconstruction, will guide one to understand aspects of choosing the reconstruction action as the appropriate intervention. There are also valuable examples of post-war recovery and rehabilitation for the historical places, such as is the Old town of Počitelj with its entire valuable structures, where after the urban reconstruction – we now have the new challenge of managing the historic place. The inside view shall be more oriented on the case of the Handanija Mosque in Prusac where correct methodology approach had been applied regarding the diagnostic, identifying and/or determining the nature and causes of damage and deterioration of the facility through the inspection and examination, but some rather improper conclusion and decision have been derived from that investigation works. In addition, some analyses of Index of shifts of minaret have been conducted too. Index of shift represents the relation of minaret height – h and width of its layout (D or 2r) or the diameter of circular cross-section. Analyses of conducted work could provide us with a better understanding of the damaged buildings potential weaknesses and weak spots. Reinforcement and strengthening of damaged construction structure has been among the most important tasks. In some cases, improper interventions on heritage structures may have been damaging - in sense of impairing the authenticity, while sometimes it was an insufficient knowledge on structural behaviour and the materials used in historic structures that brought unexpected additional damages. The use of traditional crafts, techniques, and materials is one of the most important elements in the process of architectural heritage protection, contributing to the adequate protection, restoration, conservation, as well as its maintenance.

Buildings, although one of the largest energy consumers in the world, also represent big potential to reduce energy consumption, dependence on fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions, through the implementation of energy efficiency measures. Improvement of energy efficiency of existing buildings requires a dedicated, serious and detailed approach. Investors are often guided by economic criteria, which greatly influence on investments and interventions, potentially causing some negative side effects (comfort reduction, use of energy-intensive materials, etc.). Therefore, it is very important to rely on methods that provide detailed and affordable cost, technical and environmental analysis. Energy efficiency methods are often based on simple methods such as research, estimation of energy consumption, preliminary design, estimation of energy savings and financial cost-effectiveness. For example, in energy audits of buildings, annual energy consumption and cost-effectiveness are considered for analysis. For a more detailed assessment, a calculation tool based on the calculation of energy consumption of particular facility and the estimation of energy savings after the proposed energy efficiency measures is being used. The proposed measures generally represent a classic scenario of energy efficiency measures. In this paper, factors such as comparison of the share of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources (RES), the estimation of cost-effectiveness of the use of renewable energy technologies, aspect of embodied energy in materials and life cycle assessment in buildings are being considered. This paper defines the criteria for the evaluation of scenarios (functional groups of measures) for increasing energy efficiency of the building, which include, in addition to energy and economic aspects, environmental aspect. The six criteria have been defined for evaluation of energy efficiency scenarios related to: annual energy consumption, total annual primary energy, share of RES in primary energy, direct and indirect carbon emissions, embodied energy in applied materials and investment per scenario. For each criteria an expression for its calculation is given. Defined criteria are calculated for six scenarios of increasing the energy efficiency of Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo. Based on the calculated different values of criteria of considered aspects, it is possible to identify in more detail way critical points, advantages and disadvantages of different combinations of energy efficiency measures, which can further serve to identify the best strategy necessary for evaluation of energy performance of the building before and after the intervention.

The volumetric flow rate (injection velocity) and the holding pressure are metal injection molding (MIM) parameters that have a strong influence on the green parts density and density homogeneity, but their effect on sintered dimensions after sintering is still to a large extent unexplored. To reveal the relationship between the injection molding parameters and sintered dimensions, ring-shaped components were injection molded by using different values of injection velocities in combination with a rump-down and rumpup holding pressure profile. Afterwards, the green components were catalytically debound and sintered in the nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. Finally, the component dimensions: the height, inner and outer diameter were measured by using a coordinate measuring machine. The ready-to-mold granules Catamold 310N made of heat resistant stainless steel X40CrNiSi 25-20 (according to the EN standard) powder and polyacetal based binder were used. The results showed that the interaction between the injection velocity and the holding pressure profile can be used to systematically adjust shrinkage after sintering. This approach is based on the dependence of the binder crystallization temperature on pressure, when the powder/binder proportion changes with the injection velocity.

concept and and/or assembly of data; data analysis and interpretation; Research on moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is closely connected with primary and secondary cardiovascular protection but also can be associated with primary bypass patency and outcome of endovascular treatment for critical iliac stenosis TASC II A and B. After specific surgical or non-surgical treatment, iliac bypass or endovascular revascularization patency still depends on an individual and is still in the eye of scientific research modalities. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an efficient surrogate parameter in detection and prediction of cerebrovascular events and potential marker of generalized atherosclerosis with prognosis of peripheral arterial disease related to prognosis of atherosclerotic coronary hemodynamic pathology. Materials and methods. A total of 139 patients were observed during 4 years of MICT. Ultrasonography of the distal part of the common carotid artery (CCA) was performed to measure CIMT before and after revascularization procedure. The bypass patency and walking distance was also studied. Results. In the total population, no difference in changes of CIMT from baseline was observed between the standard exercise group and controls in 4 years. However, there was a significant correlation between the effect of exercise training and CIMT within 4 years. CIMT was not significantly reduced in the exercise group compared with control non-diabetic patients. Conclusions. Exercise training in both groups did not significantly change carotid intima-media thickness in the four years following endovascular procedure and Dacron bypass revascularization, but significant beneficial effect of moderate-intensity continuous training on bypass patency was observed in patients with mild or without claudication symptoms as well as on subjective and objective health status.

We present a realization of a didactic robot environment for robot PUMA 560 for educational and research purposes. Robot PUMA 560 is probably the mathematically best-described robot, and therefore it is frequently used for research and educational purposes. A developed control environment consists of a robot controller and teach pendant. The advantage of using a personally developed solution is its open structure, which allows various tests and measurements to be performed, and that is highly convenient for educational and research purposes. The motivation behind the design of this personal didactic robot control environment arose from a survey for students after the first Summer School on Mechatronic Systems. The student questionnaire revealed severe discrepancies between theory and practice in education. Even though the primary purpose of the new control environment for robot PUMA 560 was research, it was established that it is a viable lab resource that allows for the connection between theoretical and industrial robotics. It was used for the duration of four Summer Schools and university courses. Since then, it has been fully integrated into International Burch University’s Electrical and Electronics Engineering curriculum through several courses on the bachelor and master levels for multidisciplinary problem-based learning (PBL) projects.

Kajmak ist ein traditionelles Milchprodukt mit einer spezifischen Zusammensetzung und besonderen sensorischen Eigenschaften. Seine Herstellung erfolgt in ländlichen Haushalten und basiert auf einem traditionellen Verfahren. Die traditionelle Herstellung von Kajmak ist in Bezug auf die Art der Zubereitung sehr unterschiedlich, was zu großen Unterschieden in der Zusammensetzung, den Eigenschaften und der Qualität des Produkts führt. In der Verordnung über Milchprodukte und Starterkulturen ("Amtsblatt von Bosnien und Herzegowina", Nr. 21/11 und 17/19) in Abschnitt "H Kajmak" sind die grundlegenden Bestimmungen für Kajmak auf dem Markt von Bosnien und Herzegowina enthalten. Die Aufgabe dieser Arbeit besteht darin, den Unterschied zwischen industriellem Kajmak und Kajmak, der nach einer traditionellen Rezeptur und unter kontrollierten Produktionsbedingungen hergestellt wird, zu bestimmen und zu prüfen, ob die auf dem Markt befindlichen Produkte den gesetzlichen Vorschriften entsprechen. Die Proben für sensorische und chemische Analysen wurden aus den Regalen der Geschäfte in Bosnien und Herzegowina entnommen. Es wurden drei Sorten von industriellem Kajmak getestet sowie der unreife und reife Kajmak, der nach einem traditionellen Verfahren unter kontrollierten Bedingungen hergestellt wurde. Zweck dieser Untersuchung bestand darin, herauszufinden, was den Verbrauchern unter der Deklaration des Produktes angeboten wird, die sensorischen Eigenschaften des Produkts zu bewerten und das Produkt auf der Grundlage der erzielten Ergebnisse in eine bestimmte Gruppe abhängig von seiner Qualität einzuordnen. Nur eine der fünf untersuchten Proben entsprach den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen, die in Bosnien und Herzegowina in Kraft sind. Kajmak ist ein delikates Produkt, dessen Herstellung viel Aufmerksamkeit erfordert, und es stellt sich die Frage, ob die gesetzlichen Vorschriften zu streng sind oder ob die Hersteller der Art und Weise, wie dieses Produkt hergestellt wird, nicht viel Aufmerksamkeit schenken.

Introduction: Aim of the study is to piloting nursing documentation to obtain comments based on the experience of nurses/medical technicians from the primary, secondary, and tertiary health care about the documentation before it is published and starts being used.Methods: A questionnaire was designed in the electronic form to be used for the evaluation and suggestions by nurses/medical technicians on the piloted form and content of nursing documentation for all levels of health care. A piloting sample was prepared to make 10% of nurses/medical technicians from health care institutions from the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Results: A total of 94.3% of examinees at the primary health care level and only 17.2% of the examinees in the secondary and tertiary health care fill out nursing documentation both manually and electronically. All examinees at all levels of health care understand the purpose and importance of nursing documentation. A total of 27.7% of the examinees at the primary and 40.9% of the examinees at the secondary and tertiary level of health care pointed out that filling out nursing documentation was too time-consuming.Conclusion: A total of 51.2% of the examinees at the primary and 64.2% at the secondary and tertiary level of health care agreed that submitted nursing documentation was adequate for use. It is suggested that after the adoption of nursing documentation at all levels of health care, piloting of its use should be conducted to evaluate the quality and quantity of all nursing documentation.

The kinetics of passive transport of ketoprofen and metformin, as model substances for high and low permeability, respectively, across the artificial membrane under the influence of the pH of donor solution was investigated. There was an upward trend in the apparent permeation coefficient (Papp) of ketoprofen with the decrease in pH to a value close to pKa. At the pH value below pKa the permeation coefficient had lower value, due to the higher retention of ketoprofen in the artificial membrane. Metformin is a low permeable compound, and the highest permeation values were recorded at pH 7.4. Two dissociation constants determine that metformin at physiological pH exists as a hydrophilic cationic molecule, i.e. predominantly in ionized form. At pH values below 2.8, metformin mainly exists in diprotonated form, and it was, thus, very poorly permeable. The highest retention, i.e. affinity of both ketoprofen and metformin to the membrane, was at the lowest pH values, which is explained by different mechanisms. At higher pH values of donor compartment the substances showed significantly less affinity to the membrane. The obtained values of apparent permeation coefficients at studied pH values showed good correlation with the obtained experimental values by other in vitro methods.

Castleman disease (CD) includes a group of rare and heterogeneous disorders with characteristic lymph node histopathological abnormalities. CD can occur in a single lymph node station, which is referred to as unicentric CD (UCD). CD can also involve multicentric lymphadenopathy and inflammatory symptoms (multicentric CD [MCD]). MCD includes human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)-associated MCD, POEMS-associated MCD, and HHV-8-/idiopathic MCD (iMCD). The first-ever diagnostic and treatment guidelines were recently developed for iMCD by an international expert consortium convened by the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN). The focus of this report is to establish similar guidelines for the management of UCD. To this purpose, an international working group of 42 experts from 10 countries was convened to establish consensus recommendations based on review of treatment in published cases of UCD, the CDCN ACCELERATE registry, and expert opinion. Complete surgical resection is often curative and is therefore the preferred first-line therapy, if possible. The management of unresectable UCD is more challenging. Existing evidence supports that asymptomatic unresectable UCD may be observed. The anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody siltuximab should be considered for unresectable UCD patients with an inflammatory syndrome. Unresectable UCD that is symptomatic as a result of compression of vital neighboring structures may be rendered amenable to resection by medical therapy (eg, rituximab, steroids), radiotherapy, or embolization. Further research is needed in UCD patients with persisting constitutional symptoms despite complete excision and normal laboratory markers. We hope that these guidelines will improve outcomes in UCD and help treating physicians decide the best therapeutic approach for their patients.

Introduction: Using computed tomography (CT) and treatment planning systems (TPS) in radiotherapy, due to the difference in photon beam energy on CT and linear accelerator, it is necessary to convert Hounsfield units (HU) to relative electron density (RED) values. The aim of this dosimetric study was to determine whether there is a significant effect of potential in the CT tube, field of view size (FOV), and phantom dimensions on the CT conversion curve CT-RED. The second aim is whether there are significant differences between the CT-RED obtained by the Computerized Imaging Reference Systems (CIRS) Thorax 002LFC phantom and the “reference” curve in the TPS, obtained by the CIRS 062M pelvis phantom, at the same CT conditions.Methods: Heterogeneous CIRS 062M and CIRS Thorax 002LFC phantoms were used, which anatomically and dimensionally represent the human pelvis, head, and thorax, with a set of known RED inserts. They were scanned on a CT LightSpeed GE simulator and obtained CT-RED.Results: The high voltage in the CT tube had a significant effect on the HU (t = 10.72, p < 0.001) for RED values >1.1, while FOV as a parameter did not show statistical significance for the 062M pelvis phantom. Comparing the slopes (062M pelvis and head) of the CT-RED for RED ≥ 1.1, the obtained value is t = 1.404 (p = 0.163). In the case of a 062M pelvis and a 002LFC phantom, we have seen a difference in RED values (for the same HU value) of 5 % in the RED region ≥ 1.1 (bone).Conclusion: Patients should be imaged on a CT simulator only at the potential of the CT tube on which the conversion curve was recorded. The influence of the FOV and scanned phantom dimensions is not statistically significant on the appearance of the calibration curve (RED ≥ 1.1).

In this paper, we try to modestly, but strictly, using a mathematical approach, show that life was created with a certain goal and that the possibility of accidental origin of life is equal to zero. To calculate the probability of accidental creation of only one protein molecule, the basic building block of living systems, we selected a hemoglobin molecule that, because it is well studied, has become the standard for protein research. For comparison, together with this calculation, we also made a calculation of the probability of the systematic stacking of chaotically scattered playing cards from a certain height on a certain surface, a probability that is generally accepted as - improbably!

Matrix factorization methods employ standard linear algebra, i.e. linear models, for recommender systems. With the introduction of the tropical semiring, we can achieve non-linearity. We review algorithms that use the tropical semiring for matrix factorization and provide their strengths and limitations. We show that the tropical matrix factorization yields better results than non-negative matrix factorization for the synthetic data created by the underlying process of the tropical semiring.