Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of BI-RADS category 3 findings in ultrasound examinations in relation to the total number of patients, the frequency of malignant lesions, and their average size at the time of detection in BI-RADS 3 ultrasound findings. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed on 335 patients (aged 40-75 years) classified in BI-RADS category 3, at the Tuzla Breast Center, University Clinical Center, in the period from March 2017 to November 2020. A total of 13,760 ultrasound examinations were performed, using a Toshiba Xario 100 ultrasound machine with a 12 MHz linear probe. Patients were divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal groups, excluding patients with symptoms and those with previous breast cancer surgery. The images were stored using the Institution’s Pictures Activation and Communication System. Results. BI-RADS category 3 findings accounted for 27% of all ultrasound examinations (N=3.715). Of these, 9.02% (N=335) underwent recommended short-term follow-up. Malignancy was identified in 1.49% of these cases (N=5), with an average tumor size of 13.6 mm at detection. The malignancy rate did not differ significantly between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients (P=0.412). The overall diagnostic yield for malignancy in BI-RADS 3 findings was low, but clinically significant. Conclusion. While the malignancy rate for BI-RADS category 3 findings is low (1.49%), careful monitoring and adherence to follow-up guideline are essential to balance early detection with avoidance of unnecessary biopsies and associated costs.

Background During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a surge in cases of acute cholecystitis. The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported a higher incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Through this secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W study data, we aim to identify significant risk factors for mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of COVID-19 infection in patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.” Methods The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported data from 2546 patients collected at 218 centers from 42 countries admitted with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. Sixty-four of them died. Nonparametric statistical univariate analysis was performed to compare patients who died and patients who survived. Significant factors were then entered into a logistic regression model to define factors predicting mortality. Results The significant independent factors that predicted death in the logistic regression model with were COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), postoperative complications (p < 0.001), and type (open/laparoscopic) of surgical intervention (p = 0.003). The odds of death increased 5 times with the COVID-19 infection, 6 times in the presence of complications, and it was reduced by 86% with adequate source control. Survivors predominantly underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (52.3% vs. 23.4%). Conclusions COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for death in patients with acute cholecystitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the cornerstone of treatment for hemodynamically stable patients.

The banking sector plays a key role in the economic, social, and political development of a country. The study of the financial performance of banks is essential for investors, creditors, and other interested parties. The aim of this research was to rank the second-tier banks in Albania by financial performance using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model (fuzzy MCDM). For the ranking of banks, eight financial criteria were taken into account during the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 for 11 banks in the Albanian banking sector. Based on the selected indicators, a decision-making model was created. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were used in this research. The results of the FAHP method showed that the most important indicators are Equity and EBT. The results of the TOPSIS method showed that Banka Kombëtare Tregtare (BKT) had the best indicators for the observed years. The contribution of this research is in understanding the financial operations of banks in Albania.

Purpose Given the substantial challenges and disruptions that companies often encounter from within the organization and the broader market landscape – such as market turbulence, technological advancements and regulatory changes – developing robust organizational resilience and transitioning to digital business practices have become top priorities. This paper aimed to explore if digital human resource management (HRM) significantly influences the organizational resilience within the context of emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach To analyze data collected from HRM experts active in the business sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we utilized in this paper multiple regression analysis. This approach allowed us to explore the relationships and impacts within this specific regional context. Findings The study findings revealed that digital HRM significantly enhances organizational resilience, positively impacting its three key components: the ability to anticipate, the capacity to cope and the capability to adapt. Practical implications This study offers digital HRM strategies for enhancing organizational resilience, guiding HR professionals in using digital tools to boost employee adaptability, streamline crisis communication and improve flexibility and readiness for future disruptions. Originality/value This research adds to the existing literature and ensures practical implication on digital HRM and organizational resilience by empirically demonstrating how digital HRM strengthens organizational capabilities to foresee potential disruptions, respond effectively to crises and adapt to changing circumstances. These capabilities help organizations maintain stability and continue operations smoothly during unexpected events, thereby safeguarding their long-term sustainability and competitive edge.

We present GammaTPC, a transformative 0.1-10 MeV $\gamma$-ray instrument concept featuring a tracker using a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr TPC) technology with the novel GAMPix high spatial resolution and ultra low power charge readout. These enable an economical instrument with unprecedented effective area and sensitivity. We discuss the design and technology in some detail, including how a LAr TPC can be staged in space. Finally, we present a first study of the sensitivity of the instrument in the Compton regime using a new framework for analyzing Compton telescope data.

This study documented the first evidence of healing and long‐term survival of blackmouth catsharks (Galeus melastomus) following traumatic mandibular fractures and associated soft tissue avulsions that resulted from previous captures on deep‐sea longlines. All sharks were actively feeding, despite acute and healed lesions, which suggests that such severe trauma did not impair feeding. Additionally, one female with a healed lesion and three developed eggcases indicated that reproduction was unaffected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no other alterations in the chondrocranium, splanchnocranium, or broader skeletomuscular system and major viscera. Although the small sample size does not fully represent postrelease survival for the species after capture in longline fisheries, the resilience observed was significant for conservation and fisheries management, which underscores the need for further research.

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoparticles have emerged in the biomedical field as potential theranostic agents due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility. However, their impact on the immune response remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inorganic fullerene-like WS2 (IF-WS2) nanostructures on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The study investigated several parameters to evaluate the effects of IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis. Internalization of IF-WS2 by PBMCs was analyzed using morphological and flow cytometric techniques. Proliferation was studied in CellTrace Far Red-prestained total PBMCs stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and in isolated T cell cultures stimulated with CD3/CD28-coated beads. Additionally, the production of cytokines and chemokines was measured in culture supernatants of total PBMCs and T cells. IF-WS2 nanoparticles were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Concentrations ≥25 µg/mL inhibited PHA-stimulated PBMC proliferation but did not affect T cell proliferation. Morphological and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated dose- and time-dependent internalization of IF-WS2 by macrophages. Additionally, IF-WS2 significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, and GRO-α) in PHA-stimulated PBMCs. Th1, Th17, and Th21 cytokines were downregulated, while Th2, Th9, and T regulatory cytokines were upregulated. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that pristine IF-WS2 nanoparticles, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, exhibit notable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties on activated PBMCs in vitro.

: The text defines media ecology as an approach to observing the media, not only as communication channels, tools and mediators, but as an environment that greatly influences our perceptions, understanding, evaluation, thinking, feeling, communication, interactions and ultimately, behavior, which under the influence of technologies, constantly adapt and become key generators of social and cultural changes. The text attempted to analyze a possible change in the way of collecting, selecting, interpreting and re/presenting and disseminating media information and content, i.e. the dominant editorial practice and media policy that have the possibility, by intentionally and biased focusing or neglecting certain topics, such as in this case environmental topics, encouraged by interests diametrically opposed to the interests of all humanity, to shape perceptions and public opinion. A change that would be determined by a holistic approach, looking at the overall mediatizing effects of everyday life, culture and society in terms of a new axiological system of values. The results of the analysis show that the sampled, represented, environmental topics in Bosnia and Herzegovina are selective, and the disseminated content is incomplete, marginalized and discontinuous, and in most cases identifies environmental problems without proposing possible solutions. A change in information would imply an active understanding and participation of all actors who participate in the processes of environmental communication, and the theory of media ecology plays a key role in the framework of acknowledging media literacy.

We classify the physical operators of the most general bosonic effective gauge theory up to dimension six using on-shell methods. Based on this classification, we compute the complete one-loop anomalous dimension employing both on-shell unitarity-based and geometric techniques. Our analysis fully accounts for the mixing of operators with different dimensions. The results broadly apply to any Effective Field Theory with arbitrary gauge symmetry and bosonic degrees of freedom. To illustrate their utility, we perform a complete cross-check of results on the renormalization of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), $O(n)$ scalar theory, and the SMEFT extended with an axion-like particle. Additionally, we present new results for axion-like particles with CP-violating interactions.

BACKGROUND Environmental factors influence children's development. However, their impact on outdoor play among children from international settings remains understudied. This study examined associations between parent perceptions of environmental factors and outdoor play among an international sample of preschool-aged children. METHODS Data were sourced from the pilot phases of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years. Parents completed a questionnaire about their child's outdoor play and environmental factors that influenced their child's participation in outdoor play in the past 3 days. RESULTS 1855 children from 19 countries (16 low- and middle-income countries) were examined. Heat (-25.6; 95% CI, -44.6 to -6.6), cold (-26.9; 95% CI, -45.9 to -8.4), and rain (-24.8; 95% CI, -43.3 to -6.6) were negatively associated with weekday outdoor play. Cold (-41.2; 95% CI, -62.4 to -20.0) and social instability (-40.7; 95% CI, -61.5 to -20.3) were negatively associated with weekend outdoor play. Playing at friend's or relative's homes (29.5 [95% CI, 18.6 to 40.5]; 37.9 [25.6 to 50.4]), greenspaces (23.1 [95% CI, 9.6 to 36.6]; 30.4 [95% CI, 15.1 to 45.8]), and on the street (41.4 [95% CI, 26.9 to 55.7]; 34.9 [95% CI, 18.2 to 51.3]) were associated with weekday and weekend day outdoor play, respectively. Playing on the family's property was also associated with weekend day outdoor play (25.5 [95% CI, 18.2 to 51.3]). CONCLUSIONS The environmental context is important to consider when developing interventions to promote outdoor play in young children across diverse international settings. Future research from representative populations is needed to confirm these findings.

This paper addresses gaps in prior research on empirical validation of Lehman’s laws of software evolution, which often focus on isolated aspects (e.g., defect frequency or architecture) and selected laws, overlooking broader trends and interdependencies. Through a comparative analysis of open-source and closed-source software, this paper introduces the impact of licensing models on software evolution. By examining real-world projects, the study evaluates Lehman’s laws in the context of modern software practices and user needs. This research shows that open-source solutions exhibit adaptability and continuous growth driven by contributor communities, while closed-source solutions prioritize development efforts aligned with business objectives. Adopting an open-source development approach may yield faster initial results but lead to significant technical debt and frequent code deprecation as the product evolves, while a closed-source approach ensures greater stability and consistency over time, though at a slower pace.

Liquid chromatography (LC) is a cornerstone of analytical separations, but comparing the retention times (RTs) across different LC methods is challenging because of variations in experimental parameters such as column type and solvent gradient. Nevertheless, RTs are powerful metrics in tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) that can reduce false positive rates for metabolite annotation, differentiate isobaric species, and improve peptide identification. Here, we present Graphormer-RT, a novel graph transformer that performs the first single-model method-independent prediction of RTs. We use the RepoRT data set, which contains 142,688 reverse phase (RP) RTs (from 191 methods) and 4,373 HILIC RTs (from 49 methods). Our best RP model (trained and tested on 191 methods) achieved a test set mean average error (MAE) of 29.3 ± 0.6 s, comparable performance to the state-of-the-art model which was only trained on a single LC method. Our best-performing HILIC model achieved a test MAE = 42.4 ± 2.9 s. We expect that Graphormer-RT can be used as an LC "foundation model", where transfer learning can reduce the amount of training data needed for highly accurate "specialist" models applied to method-specific RP and HILIC tasks. These frameworks could enable the machine optimization of automated LC workflows, improved filtration of candidate structures using predicted RTs, and the in silico annotation of unknown analytes in LC-MS2 measurements.

In the evolving trends of research and innovation (R&I) performance measurement and impact assessment, the traditional scientometric system – largely relying on quantitative metrics such as h-index and journal impact factors – is increasingly under scrutiny due to its limited capacity to capture a wider spectrum of scientific impact. The emergence of open science challenges traditional paradigms by advocating for more transparent and accessible research processes. Theoretically, this study expands the discourse on scientific impact evaluation by advocating for a broader set of criteria encompassing societal and economic dimensions. Integrating open science principles into research evaluation can provide a more comprehensive view of scientific contributions and enable academic inclusivity, transparency, and societal relevance, in line with the ethos of open science. Conceptually, the study analyzes the coexistence and dynamics between scientometric and open science evaluation systems, exploring their competitive and collaborative relationships. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of each system, revealing that a complete replacement of the scientometric approach by open science is unlikely, nor is there stagnation in their development. The main findings suggest a future where scientometric and open science systems coexist and partially converge, especially in the area of research and innovation outcome evaluation. This convergence heralds a more democratic and inclusive approach to evaluating scientific research. For policymakers and organizers of innovative systems, this study offers insights into possible policies that promote open science practices, developing evaluation metrics that acknowledge diverse scientific contributions, and fostering a research culture that values both scientific rigor and societal engagement. Using an exploratory method based on theoretical concepts and practical insights, this study contributes to more nuanced understanding of changing paradigms in research evaluation.