Uvod: Adenomi hipofize su benigni tumori prednjeg režnja hipofize i čine 10% svih intrakranijalnih tumora. Metoda izbora za njihovu evaluaciju i dijagnostiku je magnetna rezonanca. Pruža korisne informacije o odnosu hipofize sa susjednim anatomskim strukturama i temelj je dijagnoze, nadzora, planiranja medicinske ili hirurške strategije i procjene odgovora na liječenje. Metode: U ovom istraživanju uključeno je 14 randomiziranih prospektivnih i retrospektivnih studija, sistemskim odabirom na internet bazama: PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref i Researchgate. Ispitanici su različite starosne i spolne strukture. Razmotrene su studije koje su uključivale magnetnu rezonancu hipofize i njen značaj i senzitivnost prilikom dijagnostike adneoma hipofize. Ciljevi: Utvrditi značaj magnetne rezonance u dijagnostici adenoma hipofize. Komparirati magnetnu rezonancu sa ostalim radiološkim modalitetima snimanja hipotalamo-hipofizne regije te utvrditi senzitivnost magnetne rezonance prilikom dijagnosticiranja mikroadenoma. Rezultati: Na osnovu sistemskog pregleda literature ustanovljeno je da MRI ima visoku detekciju prilikom dijagnostike adenoma hipofize. Kompjuterizirana tomografija ostaje metoda izbora kada magnetna rezonanca nije dostupna i u slučajevima kada se ona ne može uraditi. Korištenjem dinamskog CT-a poboljšava se detekcija mikroadenoma u odnosu na protokol snimanja hipofize magnetnom rezonancom.

Funkcionalna magnetna rezonanca (fMRI) je neinvazivna dijagnostička metoda koja služi za vizualizaciju nervne aktivnosti u ljudskom mozgu. Svoju primjenu je našla u neurologiji i omogućava bolje praćenje bolesti, njihovu klasifikaciju, prognozu i liječenje. To je sigurna i ponovljiva metoda, kako za djecu tako i za odrasle, te je svoju primjenu našla i u drugim naukama. Ovaj pregledni rad uključuje 20 naučno–istraživačkih radova, koji su u svojim rezultatima opisali tehniku izvođenja fMRI, njene prednosti i ograničenja, kao i oboljenja u kojima je našla kliničku primjenu. Primjenom fMRI u praksi počela je revolucija u polju neuroimaging-a. Umjesto da magnetna rezonanca daje samo anatomsku sliku i neke osnovne fiziološke informacije, sada je mogla da proizvodi dinamičke mape aktivacije mozga. FMRI se ne treba smatrati konkurentskom metodom, već komplementarnom, te umjesto da se koristi u svrhu pobijanja ili potvrđivanja određene dijagnoze, ona bi se mogla koristiti kao dopunska metoda za mnoge konvencionalne testove.

Uvod: U današnje vrijeme kao glavni alat za procjenu starosti u forenzičkoj medicine koriste se radiološki snimci. Pojavom kompjuterizirane tomografije konusnim snopom omogućen je 3D uvid u anatomske strukture zuba, a samim tim unaprijeđen i olakšan proces identifikacije, obzirom da su zubi najtvrđi dio ljudskog tijela i kao takvi se često koriste za procjenu starosti. Cilj rada je ispitati radnu hipotezu prema kojoj dentalna dob procijenjena metodom volumetrijske analize pulpe kompjuteriziranom tomografijom konusnim snopom odgovara hronološkoj dobi ispitanika. Metode: Kroz ovu prospektivnu pilot studiju analizirani su CBCT snimci bosanskohercegovačke populacije kod 30 ispitanika (17 žena i 13 muškaraca). Snimci su u .DICOM formatu importovani u ITK Snap program pomoću kojeg je izmjeren volumen pulpe zuba interkaninog sektora gornje i donje vilice, i to za očnjake, centralne i lateralne sjekutiće. Kriteriji za uključivanje podrazumijevali su odsustvo kalcifikacije, artefakata i bez većih restauracija kod navedenih zuba. Podaci o svakom mjerenju korelirani su sa dobi i spolom ispitanika. Statistička obrada i interpretacija prikupljenih podataka urađena je pomoću statističkog programa SPSS. Rezultati: Provedeno istraživanje je potvrdilo da se volumen pulpe zuba smanjuje sa godinama starosti. Dob ispitanika je varirala između 16 i 54 godine. Najmanji volumen pulpe izmjeren je kod centralnog sjekutića mandibule, a najveći kod maksilarnog očnjaka. Volumen pulpe zuba gornje vilice općenito je bio veći nego kod zuba donje vilice. Kod žena je zabilježen manji volumen pulpe zuba u odnosu na volumen pulpe kod muškaraca. Zaključak: Kod svih analiziranih zuba postojala je značajna korelacija između dobi i volumena pulpe zuba, sa jačom korelacijom kod muškaraca. Studija je pokazala da se dob može procijeniti na osnovu poznavanja volumena pulpe zuba interkanine regije, uz uspostavljanje matematičkog modela za koji je potreban veći broj ispitanika.

The problems of traffic safety and the profession of traffic safety are universal problems that require constant strengthening of the system of education and innovation both in syllabuses and in technologies and techniques applied in the field of traffic safety. The purpose of the innovative approach to the education program is to educate undergraduate and graduate students in the field of traffic safety, in accordance with the needs of society, which should provide an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to safety of all road users, technical solutions and social response to traffic accidents. Traffic safety problems are complex problems, which is why the competencies and skills acquired by engineers should provide knowledge and a deeper understanding of risk while strengthening the applied and practical skills. Innovative study programs must have a common basis for all directions, with a deep knowledge of mathematics, physics and mechanics with an emphasis on a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to the use of engineering in improving traffic safety.

The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are important and relevant for sustainable development. The aim of this chapter is to review the existing model of economic development, because the COVID-19 pandemic has called into question the effects of structural changes in the economy and manufacturing industry in Serbia. The main contribution of this chapter is the review of development results which show that Serbia is in the process of economic recovery, but that it has not yet embarked on the path of sustainable economic development due to numerous structural problems. Serbia has experience with unsustainable economic development, and this is a strong argument in favor of sustainable concept implementation. In addition, this chapter provides empirical research on structural and technological changes. The obtained results can be used by economic and industrial policy makers to influence the consequences of COVID-19 and to avoid the slowdown of structural reforms. There will be numerous economic, environmental, social, and especially health challenges whose solutions must be sustainable.

For applications as an engineering material, the ability to design properties is of special importance, ie. structuring materials that can be achieved on several levels and in different ways. One of the goals of this research is the development of procedures that would enable the production of silicone polymer nets with improved mechanical, elastic and thermal properties. These materials mainly relate to the dimethylsiloxane structure, which is known for its biocompatibility, in polymeric states. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the presumed mechanism of the siloxane crosslinking reaction. The aim was to further elucidate the mechanism of interaction of silicone materials based on the obtained results of the analysis of mechanical properties of silicone nanocomposites.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) such as smart devices, the Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks are gradually being introduced into the health system for early diagnosis and management of certain diseases. The state of the art of the use of these technologies in mental health identified 37 articles published in indexed high impact journals in the period 2003-2021. The snowball sampling method was used to select these papers. From this literature review, it appears that several of these technologies are used to support the early detection of mental disorders. Various systems based on wearable sensor networks, the Internet of Things and pervasive and ubiquitous computing have been designed and implemented in this sense. However, most of the applications are designed for academic purposes. 29% of the papers deal with the use of mobile technology in the detection of mental illness, while 67% have studied other technologies such as wearable sensor networks. 4% of the papers concern the use of web platforms in the detection and assessment of mental health disorders.

Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic metal that is widespread in nature. Due to its favorable properties, it was widely used in the industry for the production of alkaline batteries, accumulators, pigments, and colored alloys. However, it has been shown that exposure to low concentrations of cadmium leads to damage to many organs and organ systems, and the use of this metal in industry is reduced, and it is replaced by other, less harmful materials. Today, fossil fuel combustion and cigarette consumption are important sources of cadmium exposure. Numerous studies have examined the toxic effects of cadmium and they highlight the kidneys, liver, gonads as the organs that suffer the most damage. The kidneys, as the main place of cadmium storage in the body, are mostly exposed to its toxic effects. In the proximal tubular cells of the kidney, exposure to cadmium disrupts transport processes. Although ionized cadmium (Cd 2+) is thought to be largely responsible for the damage that occurs, the role of the cadmium and metallothionein complex (Cd-MT) cannot be ignored. Peritubular exposure to ionized cadmium indirectly leads to a decrease in the activity of the Na + /L-alanine cotransporter and a decrease in the rate of slow repolarization of the luminal membrane, while the Cd-MT complex leads to both direct and indirect inhibition of this transporter. Also, the Cd-MT complex inhibits Na + /Glucosa cotransporter activity. Exposure to cadmium also leads to a decrease in the endocytic uptake of low molecular weight proteins, which is accompanied by microalbuminuria.