Cilj rada je utvrditi povezanost zastupljenosti pojedinih faktora rizika i učešća nastavnika u ostvarivanju preventivnog djelovanja škole. Uzorak ispitanika u ovom istraživanju čine 450 učenika osnovne škole, oba spola. Istraživanje je realizovano u Općini Doboj Istok i Gračanica, i to u osnovnoj školi Klokotnica, Brijesnica, Lukavica i Hasan Kikić. Primijenjena su tri upitnika, dva standardirirana: ASEBA Youth Self-Report - YRS (Achenbach, 2007.) i Modificirani upitnik za procjenu nivoa rizičnosti/potreba (YLS/MCI) autora Andrews i Hoge (1994) i jedan kreiran za potrebe istraživanja. Za obradu podataka korišteni je statistički program SPSS 20.0. za operativni sistem Microsoft Windows. U dokazivanju metrijskih svojstava skala korišten je Cronbach alfu koeficijent. U odradi podataka korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike, t-test, ANOVA, diskriminacijska funkcija i regresijska analiza. Rezultati regresijske analize pokazuju da su značajni prediktori: slab školski uspjeh, ponavljanje razreda, velik broj neopravdanih izostanaka, neprimjeren odnos prema nastavnicima/autoritetima, neprimjereno ponašanje prema vršnjacima u školi. S obzirom na predznak koji je vezan uz pojedine koeficijente može se zaključiti da je učešće nastavnika u ostvarivanju preventivnog djelovanja škole veoma važna stavka, kada je u pitanju djelovanje na rizične faktore na nivou škole.

Cilj rada je utvrditi razlikuju li se srednjoškolci u gradu Živinice u izraženosti kognitivnih stilova uvjetovanih kockanjem s obzirom na spol, dob i vrstu škole. Istraživanje je provedeno u na uzorku od 340 učenika oba spola (170 učenika i 170 učenica) u srednjim školama na području grada Živinice. Zastupljeni su učenici od 1-4 razreda, a dob ispitanika se kreće od 16 do 18 godina. Za potrebe istraživanja korištena su dva mjerna instrumenta: Zambardov upitnik vremenske perspektive eng. Zimbardo TimePerspective Inventory (ZTPI), (Zimbardo i Boyd, 1999), Međunarodni fond varijabli ličnosti (eng. Internacional personality item pool-IPIP) (Goldberg, 1999). Podaci su prikupljeni putem samoiskaza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je prosječna starosna dob muških ispitanika koji nisu igrali neku od igara na sreću 16,74 godine, dok su oni koji su igrali neku od igara na sreću u prosjeku stari 17,01 godinu. Od ukupno 112 učenika koji su se izjasnili da su igrali neku od igara na sreću, njih 85 ili 68,00% su učenici četverogodišnje strukovne škole, dok je 27 ili 60,00% učenici gimnazije. . Između ženskih učenika sklonih i onih koji nisu skloni kockanju dobivena je statistički značajna razlika u ekstraverziji, jednoj od petofaktorskih dimenzija ličnosti (P<0,05).

In this study, the performance of Sub-Saharan African railways systems (SSA) is assessed by using an integrated Entropy-MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution) - based methodology. In the first phase, the Entropy method is employed to determine the weights of each sub-criterion of the decision model. This process identifies six main criteria, i.e., safety, security, internal business aspect, intermodal aspect, innovation, and learning aspect, and customer satisfaction which are further supplemented by 13 sub-criteria. In the second phase, the MARCOS method is used to rank the countries based on their railway performance assessment. Based on the results from the proposed method, a sensitivity analysis was carried out through a comparative analysis with seven other multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The results of the study indicate that the most weighted sub-criterion is the labor productivity (internal business perspective criteria) followed by the terrorist incidence (security criteria) and the number of employees going through training/exposure sessions (innovation and learning perspective criteria). Moreover, it was revealed that Kenya is the best alternative in terms of its railway performance followed by Ethiopia, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Ghana. Based on the findings from this study, decision-makers can be assisted during the operative, designing, and planning investigations of the railway system through the consideration of these parameters as insert indicators. Also, the findings can help as a benchmark for the performance analysis of other railway systems in other African countries.

Djeca sa smetnjama u razvoju manifestuju teškoće u razvoju i ne dosežu zadovoljavajući nivo razvoja, naročito ako im se ne pruži podrška u vidu njege i obrazovanja. Viši nivoi empatije su značajan faktor koji može uticati na pojavu pozitivnijih stavova učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se procjeni da li empatija ima uticaj na stavove učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju. Studija je obuhvatila 120 učenika 4. i 5. razreda osnovnih škola, oba pola, uzrasta 10 i 11 godina. Istraživanje je rađeno u Banjaluci tokom 2020.godine. Ispitanici su podijeljeni na dvije grupe, one koji su pohađali nastavu sa učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju i one koji nisu. Za ispitivanje stavova učenika prema učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju korištena je Čedok Mekmaster skala, dok je za procjenu empatije korišten Indeks međuljudskog reagovanja. Korelacionom analizom utvrđena je značajna (r=0,18; p<0,05) pozitivna povezanost između stavova učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju i zauzimanja perspektive. Učenici koji pohađaju nastavu sa učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju imaju značajno (t=-2,3; p=0,02) niže vrijednosti ukupnog skora stavova (3,05±0,28) u odnosu na učenike koji ne pohađaju (3,16±0,28). Naše istraživanje je pokazalo da empatija imaju značajan uticaj na stavove učenika prema vršnjacima sa smetnjama u razvoju i da učenici sa višim nivoem empatije imaju pozitivniji stav prema ovim vršnjacima. Takođe, učenici koji su u inkluziji imaju negativniji stav prema vršnjacima ometenim u razvoju u odnosu na učenike koji nisu u inkluziji.

: In this paper, wind energy potential in Sarajevo area, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was analyzed statistically. The analysis of wind energy potential was performed based on measured wind data in a one-year period from 1 January to 31 December 2019. Measured data were obtained on the basis of a meteorological station installed on the roof of the building of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Sarajevo at 30 m height. Measured wind characteristics were statistically analyzed using the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions. The Weibull parameters were obtained using two methods, the energy pattern factor method and the maximum likelihood method, and both methods were used to find the Weibull parameters and the wind power density. The results of this investigation showed that the analyzed place falls under Class 1 of the international system of wind classification as the mean annual wind velocity recorded in the analyzed area was 1.215 m/s and the corresponding annual mean power density was estimated to be 6.7 W/m 2 at 30 m height. The results show that the available wind energy potential to generate electricity in Sarajevo is low and wind power cannot be used to meet the energy needs in that region.

Background: Non-pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia includes educational, psychotherapeutic, social, and physical interventions. Despite growing importance of these interventions in the holistic treatment of individuals with schizophrenia, very little is known about their availability in South-East European countries (SEE). Objective: To explore mental health care experts’ opinions of the availability of non-pharmacological treatment for people with schizophrenia in SEE. Methods: An online survey containing 11 questions was completed by one mental health expert from each of the following SEE countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo†, Montenegro, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. Data were collected on estimated rates of received non-pharmacological interventions, type of services delivering these interventions, and expert views of availability barriers. Results: In eight countries, the estimated percentage of people with schizophrenia who receive non-pharmacological treatments was below 35%. The primary explanations for the low availability of non-pharmacological treatments were: lack of human and financial resources, lack of training for clinicians, and pharmacotherapy dominance in the treatment for schizophrenia. Conclusion: Lack of personal and institutional resources and state support were identified as primary obstacles to staff training and delivering non-pharmacological treatments to people with schizophrenia on individual and systemic levels, respectively. This evidence can be used to improve holistic, evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia in the SEE countries.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the decrease of the vaccination rate among children with nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorders in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS: This study included 149 parents of children with nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorders. The children were rehabilitated at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar, from October 2017 to February 2019. RESULTS: The vaccination rate of children with nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorders was 34.9% (P < 0.001). Based on the results of this study, physicians were the most common source of information on vaccines and vaccination procedures for parents (70.3%), whereas the media was rarely used as the source of the information (33%) (P < 0.001). Of the cases, 58.4% accepted the opinion of the pediatrician (P = 0.041). The vaccination of children was postponed on the physician’s recommendation in 87.6% of the cases (P < 0.001). Among healthcare professionals, neuropediatricians or neurophysiatrists (P = 0.023), together with pediatricians (P < 0.001), most often suggested postponing the vaccination. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study showed that the majority of children with nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorders were unvaccinated. The majority of the parents trusted the physicians’ opinion on vaccination. Neuropediatricians and neurophysiatrists most often postponed the regular vaccination of children.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that has been identified as a causal agent of COVID-19, an emergent infectious disease which brought about a new pandemic in the 21st century. The immune responses and clinical features of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have not yet been fully described. Thus, in this study, we compare the seroprevalence and define the correlation between symptoms and serological results in the first COVID-19 cluster in the city of Konjic, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Of the total number, 93% of real-time polymerase chain reaction-positive participants had positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology and 75% of them developed symptoms of COVID-19. We found that there was no significant alteration in specific IgG (p = 0.504) antibody levels during the 1-year period after COVID-19. Our results indicate that symptomatic COVID-19 patients have a higher rate of seroconversion (p < 0.01). The IgG seroconversion was correlated with high fever (p = 0.002) and headache (p = 0.007), suggesting that these symptoms could be considered as indicators of a better immune response. This study has demonstrated persistence of sustained levels of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after recovering from COVID-19 infection. However, to gain a better insight into the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, further systematic studies should be focused on quality and longevity analyses.

BackgroundThe technological complexity and heterogeneity of intensive care ventilator models currently available on the market together with the heterogeneity in pediatric patients (0 to 18 years old), make the choice of the best machine for pediatric healthcare setting crucial.This paper is aimed at addressing all the critical aspects linked to the implementation of intensive care ventilators in a pediatric setting, highlighting the most relevant technical features and describing the methodology to conduct health technology assessment (HTA) for supporting the decision-making process.Four ventilators models were included in the assessment process. A decision-making support tool (DoHTA method) based on Analytic Hierarchy Process, was applied. 28 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were identified, defining the safety, clinical effectiveness, organizational, technical, and economic aspects. The Performance scores of each ventilator have been measured with respect to KPIs integrated with the total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis, leading to a final rank of the four possible technological solutions. ResultsThe final technologies’ performance scores reflected a deliver valued, contextualized, and shared outputs, detecting the most performant technological solution for the specific hospital context. HTA results had informed and supported the pediatric hospital decision-making process. ConclusionsThis study, identifying and discussing the pros and cons of innovative features of ventilators and all the evaluation criteria and aspects to be taken into account during the evaluation process, can be considered as a valuable proof of evidence as well as a reliable and transferable method for conducting a decision making process in a hospital context.

To the Editor, The high demand for COVID19 vaccines, combined with a significant lack of supply, leaves smaller and developing countries behind in mass immunization. This prompts the question whether administering a single vaccine dose in SARSCoV2 seropositive individuals could be a method for rationing available vaccine doses. We report results from a prospective study on Macedonian healthcare workers who received two doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, comparing antibody titres and frequency of side effects after vaccine administration between individuals who were SARSCoV2 seropositive (SeroPOS group) and seronegative (SeroNEG group) prior to immunization. The study included 226 participants recruited through convenience sampling, of whom 41 were SeroPOS (73.17% female; mean age 43 years, SD: 10.571), and 185 were SeroNEG (68.11% female, mean age 46 years, SD: 10.523). Baseline patients’ characteristics are provided in the Supplementary Appendix (Table S1). Blood samples were collected 18– 21 days after the first vaccine dose and 25– 28 days after the second dose. Baseline antibody levels were obtained from patient records. All participants gave blood samples after the first dose and filed a questionnaire for side effects, and 189 participants (83.63%) returned for assessment four weeks after the second dose. Serological testing was performed using the commercially available quantitative CLIA antiSARSCoV2 RBD kit (Snibe, Shenzhen, China),1 which targets the S1 subunit of the viral spike protein. More details on methods are available in the Supplementary Appendix. AntiSARSCoV2 RBD IgG antibody levels after the first dose of BNT162b2 were on average 11.7times higher in SeroPOS individuals (mean: 923.40 AU/ml, SD: 948.119, range 15.04– 5034.70) compared to SeroNEG individuals (mean: 79.06 AU/ml, SD: 253.243, range 0.912– 1867.30; Wilcoxon ranksum test, p < 2e16, Figure 1A). After the second dose, antiSARSCoV2 RBD IgG antibody levels were still higher in SeroPOS individuals (mean: 602.59 AU/ml, SD: 511.545, range 25.41– 1986.00) compared to SeroNEG individuals (mean: 375.567 AU/ml, SD: 437.088, range 9.617– 3704.40; Wilcoxon ranksum test, p = 0.006, Figure 1B). SeroNEG individuals had on average a 5.35fold increase in antiSARSCoV2 RBD IgG antibody levels after the second dose (Wilcoxon signedrank test, p < 2e16, Figure 1B), whereas SeroPOS individuals had no benefit of increased antibody levels after the second dose (Wilcoxon signedrank test, p = 0.529, Figure 1B). SeroPOS individuals had higher antibody levels after the first dose than SeroNEG individuals after the second dose (Wilcoxon ranksum test, p = 0.0039, Figure 1B). Exploratory analysis of the influence of sex and age on antibody response showed that older age had a reducing effect on antibody levels after the first and second vaccine dose (Supplementary Appendix, Table S2). The vast majority of the study participants reported at least one side effect after the first dose (91.15%, Figure 1C), mostly minor local pain (69.47%). A higher proportion of study participants reported at least one side effect after the second dose (97.35%, Figure 1D), again mostly minor local pain (53.97%). Our findings are in line with previous reports of higher antibody levels in SeroPOS individuals after a single dose of BNT162b2 compared to SeroNEG individuals25 and support the hypothesis that a single dose of BNT162b2 in SARSCoV2 seropositive individuals might provide sufficient humoral immunity towards SARSCoV2. These findings should be validated in a clinical trial setting as soon as possible, due to direct implications for public health policy in developing countries with limited access to vaccines. Future investigations should incorporate analyses of the cellular immunity and take into consideration the duration of the immune response, which have not been evaluated in this study. The more rational use of vaccines could accelerate the attainment of collective immunity at reduced costs.

Abstract Radar is a key sensor to achieve a reliable environment perception for advanced driver assistance system and automated driving (ADAS/AD) functions. Reducing the development efforts for ADAS functions and eventually enabling AD functions demands the extension of conventional physical test drives with simulations in virtual test environments. In such a virtual test environment, the physical radar unit is replaced by a virtual radar model. Driving datasets, such as the nuScenes dataset, containing large amounts of annotated sensor measurements, help understand sensor capabilities and play an important role in sensor modeling. This article includes a thorough analysis of the radar data available in the nuScenes dataset. Radar properties, such as detection thresholds, and detection probabilities depending on object, environment, and radar parameters, as well as object properties, such as reflection behavior depending on object type, are investigated quantitatively. The overall detection probability of the considered radar (Continental ARS-408-21) was found to be 27.81%. Four radar models on object level with different complexity levels and different parametrisation requirements are presented: a simple RCS-based radar model with an accuracy of 51%, a linear SVC model with an accuracy of 70%, a Random Forest model with an accuracy of 83%, and a Gradient Boost model with an accuracy of 86%. The feature importance analysis of the machine learning algorithms revealed that object class, object size, and object visibility are the most important parameters for the presented radar models. In contrast, daytime and weather conditions seem to have only minor influence on the modeling results.