: The aim of this paper is to address the issues dealing with politics and religion in the Middle East, focusing on secularism vs. Islamism; the aftermath of the Arab Spring, and the Shia and Sunni split, as key themes for the purpose. Via analysis of the complexity of the Middle East, the Secular-Islamist Conflict, the Arab Spring and its outcomes, the article explains how the Arab Spring hardened the traditionally fluid relationship between the politics and Islam. It argues that Islam has never actually left the political realm, as there is still political contestation about the role of Islam in public life. The paper then deals with the complexity of the Shia and Sunni relationship and the split between the two, giving the explanation for such occurrences on the three levels – doctrine, legitimacy, and power.

Nowadays, when operating in an unstable market, organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) are also facing a continuous outflow of qualified employees to the countries of the European Union. In order to properly respond to the challenges from the environment, the organizations in BiH are forced to take adequate measures so as to become competitive in the market, which may prove to be difficult if they do not retain skilled workforce. This paper attempts to show that by implementing appropriate human resource management (HRM) practices and policies, organizations in BiH can affect employee organizational commitment, which will result not only in market survival but also in increased competitiveness, as the experience of the organizations in the surrounding countries shows that human resources is what gives these companies a competitive advantage. The paper aimed at examining the impact of characteristics, organizational characteristics, and HRM practices focused on performance appraisal, job security, employee participation, and career planning on employee organizational commitment in BiH companies with more than 50 employees in four sectors. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 128 companies. The results show that when it comes to employee organizational commitment, HRM practices and policies bear more importance than demographic and organizational characteristics and that there is a statistically significant positive impact of HRM practices and policies on employee organizational commitment.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country with a very high risk of floods, which is documented in Vulnerability assessment, where it is defined that "floods represent the greatest danger for community and its population". Due to climate changes in recent decades, floods have become one of the most serious forms of threat to the population and material assets. After signing the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2008, BiH accepted obligation to harmonize its legislation with the EU acquis communautaire, which also includes water legislation. The complex constitutional arrangement and unfavorable socio-economic situation make it difficult to fulfill assumed obligations, as well as protection and rescue system normal functioning on state territory. This research subject is protection and rescue system analysis, assessment of the adequacy of existing measures and current flood risk management techniques in BiH through a comparative analysis with practice of flood risk management in the EU.

Like any crisis in the human world, the migrant crisis can be approached without more comprehensive interpretations and deeper understanding. Nevertheless, recognizing intuitions at the first observations of European and Balkan "migrant events" is prudent, and beyond prejudice and pre-understanding, to search for the causes of the crisis. The ongoing migrant crisis has highlighted the need to create and implement a multidisciplinary model of understanding the 21st-century conflict. Models used so far halved from mega authorial theories and political doctrines, such as various pro-globalization or anti-globalization approaches, transitional neoliberal formulas, the pattern of "new world order," or "clash of civilizations," clashes of religions and cultures, world system, post-imperialism, various postmodern theories, doctrines of so-called soft and hard power, they have proven to be incompliant to events and therefore insufficient for a complete understanding of the contradictions and contradictions of the modern world. Historically, the current migrant crisis has regained the importance of questioning the spatial dimensions of the European populist configuration. The current and previous migrant problems have reminded classical and contemporary geopolitical theories of the original understanding of this approach to social and political phenomena, long overdue by Rudolf Kjellen. In one of the earliest divisions of geopolitics, a deserved place was found by demo politics. The focused demo-political reflection gains importance in situations of growing demographic problems. While geopolitics primarily encompasses processes of changes in space and area, demo politics touch on politically conditioned processes in the population. In seemingly chaotic demo politics, it reaffirmed the importance of a critical geopolitical interpretation of migrant processes. Even among the pro-non Eurocrats, for various ideological reasons, extremely inclined to specific geopolitical ideas and arrangements, it strengthened the sense of continental spatiality, accompanied by the knowledge that geopolitics "after all" has returned to European and world relations. In addition to many crises that have befallen Europe, the return of geopolitics has been contributed by the disruption sustained by the migrant wave. The current migrant crisis is a causal-consequential crisis, which means that as an already emerging disorder, it causes many other diseases that would not be without its effect. Still, it is also caused by factors that have previously shaped it and may not be known enough until this moment. The driving and emergence of the migrant crisis have occurred in the past; its modern development encompasses the present, and, likely, the migrant crisis will be faced by Europe in the future. Hence, it is necessary to bear in mind the concrete historical dimension of the problem, which also contains specific chrono-political components. When something is not understood as before at one time, the development usually enables that if it is to be understood in the consequential time.

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: red algae Lemanea rigida and Paralemanea torulosa, mycorrhizal fungi Amanita simulans and Terfezia pseudoleptoderma, parasitic fungus Microbotryum vinosum, saprotrophic fungus Sarcoscypha jurana, stonewort Chara tenuispina, mosses Brachytheciastrum collinum and Meesia longiseta, monocots Dactylorhiza romana and Neotinea maculata and dicots Adenophora liliifolia, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. cinereum are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions.

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: red algae Lemanea fucina and Paralemanea annulata, parasitic fungus Anthracoidea pratensis, saprotrophic fungi Cyathus olla, Massaria campestris, and Xylaria sicula, stonewort Chara canescens, liverworts Gymnomitrion commutatum and Porella baueri, moss Acaulon triquetrum, monocots Anacamptis laxiflora, Cephalanthera damasonium, and Himantoglossum robertianum and dicot Jacobaea othonnae are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions.