Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 has affected all spheres of life, including education. Teachers at all levels were faced with numerous challenges during the pandemic. These challenges had an impact on their mental health. Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the depression, anxiety, and stress levels in teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 559 teachers (471 female teachers and 88 male teachers). We used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21) to measure teachers’ emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The findings of this study clearly indicate the high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in teachers. We also identified that levels of support provided by family members and school administration served as protective factors in the time of crisis. Conclusion: Teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina have a high prevalence of elevated depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The article concludes with some recommendations on how to improve the mental health of teachers.

Background Over a third of critical illness survivors suffer from mental health problems following hospitalization. Memories of delusional experiences are a major risk factor. In this project, ICU doulas delivered a unique positive suggestion intervention targeting the vulnerable time period during critical illness when these memories are formed. Methods Adult critically ill patients were recruited for this single-arm, prospective pilot study. These ICU patients received a positive suggestion intervention daily during their ICU stay in parallel with their medical treatment. The intervention was designed to be delivered over a minimum of two sessions. Feasibility was defined as intervention delivery on ≥ 70% of ICU days after patient enrollment. As a secondary analysis, psychometric questionnaires were compared to those of a historic control cohort of patients receiving standard care in the ICU using adjusted linear regression models. Results Of the 97 patients who received the intervention and were alive at the end of their ICU course, 54 were excluded from analyses mostly for having received only one session because of a short ICU length of stay of < 2 days, transitioning to comfort care or not wanting to answer the study questionnaires. Forty-three patients who completed 2 or more sessions of the positive therapeutic suggestion intervention provided by two trained ICU doulas received it for a median of 4 days (IQR 3, 5), with each session lasting for a median of 20 min (IQR 14, 25). The intervention was delivered on 71% of days, meeting our pre-determined feasibility goal. Compared to historical controls ( N  = 299), patients receiving the intervention had higher severity of illness and longer length of stay. When adjusted for baseline differences, patients both with and without mechanical ventilation who received the intervention scored lower on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)—Depression subscale. The intervention was also associated with reduced HADS-Anxiety subscale among ventilated patients. Conclusions Positive therapeutic suggestion delivered by ICU doulas is feasible in the ICU setting. A randomized trial is warranted to better delineate the role that positive suggestion and ICU doulas may play in ongoing interprofessional efforts to humanize critical care medicine. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03736954) on 03/14/2018 prior to the first patient enrollment https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03736954?cond=ICU+Doulas+Providing+Psychological+Support&draw=2&rank=1 .

Background: Breast cancer in women is the second most common and accounts for approximately 18% of all malignant tumors in women worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer is not clear enough. Starting from the assumption that the manifestation of breast cancer may have a multifactorial model, this article compares the population-genetic structure of patients (experimental group) with the population-genetic structure of healthy population (control group). Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the possible genetic basis of the Rh factor relationship with selected homozygous-recessive traits of females with breast cancer, and to diagnose the probability (assess the risk) of developing the disease in healthy women by analyzing homozygous-recessive traits (HRT). Methods: This are an anthroposcopic-qualitative study that included two groups of subjects, experimental and control (a total of 80 subjects). An analysis of the percentages within each group was performed using the Chi-square test. The results are presented in tables, and the accepted level of significance is at the level of p <0.05. Results: In the group of Rh+ subjects, the correlation of this type of Rh factor with the breast cancer was proven, given the frequency of the phenotype of homozygous-recessive traits in them. A statistically significant difference was found for 4 traits, and three are also close to the set significance level. In subjects with Rh- factor, a statistically significant difference was found for only one trait (absence of mallets on the phalanges). Conclusion: Although the number of subjects was relatively small, we can conclude that in the experimental group a higher frequency of recessive phenotypes for the examined traits was recorded, which indicates the genetic load of the subjects from this group. Correlation with Rh factor was observed in the case of subjects of the experimental group with Rh+ factor.

Abstract The security of using applications in cloud services and on the Internet is an important topic in the field of engineering. In this paper, two laboratory tests for data transmission protection, specifically designed for different security analysis techniques, are presented and explained. During lab tests on public Wi-Fi networks from the MIDM (“Man in the Middle”) attacks, various monitoring techniques were applied, using a special lab test scenario with Kali Linux penetration tools by creating an SSH tunnel on an Android mobile device. These test benches allow easy data capturing, and the captured data is processed using available software programs. Expected outcomes, practical improvement and security performance assessment are presented in detail, and considered in terms of their value in security engineering. The aim of this paper is to detect and overcome some of the weaknesses of the application of security protocols in a Wi-Fi network environment.

Very important property of powder metallurgy parts is ability to join to components produced by different manufacturing technologies or dissimilar materials. Properties of powder metallurgy Nb modified HK30 components are highly influenced by conditions applied during sintering. Weldability of sintered components can be improved using favorable sintering conditions. In this regard, effect of sintering parameters on fusion weldability of Nb modified HK30 is presented in this paper. Investigation of weld joints between HK30, produced by different sintering conditions, and cast HK30 stainless steel is performed. In addition, examination of welds between sintered HK30 and wrought 304 stainless steel is also performed. Microstructural examination and hardness testing of fusion zones and heat affected zones were done for different combinations of base material.

Introduction: Stroke is the second leading underlying cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Stroke diagnosis should be performed quickly and efficiently to eliminate other potential causes of neurological deficits and to assess the time since the onset of clinical symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential methods of detecting and evaluating stroke type and treatmentoptions. Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging is recommended for early stroke diagnosis, as well as for the selection of patients for recanalization therapy, and is considered effective in assessing treatment outcomes. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the diagnostic value of diffusion and perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, analyze the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the selection of patients with acute stroke for recanalization therapy, and assess the effect of acute stroke complicity.Material and methods: The research is designed as a systematic review of the primary scientific research literature, which was published in English in relevant scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline) from 2014 to 2021.Results: 14 scientific research papers were singled out and the general characteristics of the study were analyzed (country, authors, year of publication, title of the study, type of study, study objectives, research methods, results and conclusion). A quality assessment of the included studies with cohort design and randomized controlled studies was performed, and most belong to the category of high-quality studies with a smaller number of medium-quality studies. The overall percentage of detected AIS cases in isolated studies using the DWI and/or PWI sequence was 90.8%. At the same time, the outcome of recanalization therapy was assessed using MRI studies (the number of patients who developed adverse events with functional data outcome 30 or 90 days after the procedure was observed). Comparison of MRI and CT imaging protocols provided data on the total percentage of detected acute stroke cases using CT imaging protocols (68.9%) and MRI imaging protocols (88.5%), which is why MRI is considered a superior method.Conclusion: Although CT is a suitable method for visualizing bleeding and also for early differentiation of hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke, if MRI imaging is available, it is recommended to use DWI, PWI, MRA sequences for a more accurate diagnosis of stroke in the acute phase.

Introduction: The knee joint has a unique anatomical structure in the human body. The localization between the two longest bones in the human body – femur, and tibia – makes it prone to injuries, trauma, and other pathologies. Clinical examination of the joint is still the primary method in evaluating the condition of the patient's knee. The study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and magnetic resonance (MR) in assessing chondral lesions of knee joint using arthroscopy as a reference standard.Patients and methods: The examination was conducted on 94 patients (58 males and 36 females) with knee injuries. Clinical examination indicated a primary chondral lesion of knee cartilage in eight patients (five men and three women), with an average age of 45.75. Besides the clinical examination, the diagnostics were performed using MR imaging by Siemens of 0.5 Tesla, and arthroscopy was performed using Storz arthroscope.Results: Our research has generated the following values of clinical and MR results for chondral lesions: Sensitivity (Se) = 12.5%, Specificity (Sp): could not be calculated, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 100%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) = 0% and Accuracy (ACC) = 12.5%. The accuracy of clinical and intraoperative results for chondral lesion was: Se =100%, Sp: could not be calculated, PPV = 100%, NPV: could not be calculated, and ACC = 100%. MR imaging and arthroscopy findings of chondral lesion showed: Se = 100%, Sp = 0%, PPV = 12.5%, NPV: could not be calculated and ACC = 12.5%. In comparing the clinical sign and MRand intraoperative result, Positive Predictive Value for patients with chondral lesion was maximal (100%), while comparing MR with the intraoperative result, Positive Predictive Value was 12.5%. In comparison between clinical sign and intraoperative results, the accuracy for patients with chondral lesion was 100%, while comparing the clinical sign with MR result and MR with the intraoperative result, the accuracy was 12.5%.Conclusion: Our examinations have shown that MR examination is not currently as valid for diagnosing injury of chondral cartilage of knee as the medical community or patients have anticipated it.

Introduction: Prostate cancer has been the leading type of cancer to affect male population, and as such, it is a subject to efforts to furthermore diagnostic tools already in existence as well as development of new ones which will Aid early diagnostic, treatments as well as a follow up procedures and clinical trials. Bone scan index is a useful and objective biomarker used as a valuable tool for determination as to precise bone involvement in advanced cases, as well as a tool to predict the outcome in prostate cancer patients in clinical trials.Methods: This paper is a non-experimental (qualitative) research, that is, a scientific review of the literature.Results: The results we analyzed in this paper were collected from published academic journals.Conclusion: As a new imaging biomarker, bone scan index has potential to predict therapeutic effects and survival of patients with prostate cancer. Using measurable diagnostic image parameters, the bone scan index is important for determining metastatic bone changes in prostate cancer patients.

Introduction: Glioblastoma in children (pGBM) occurs somewhat less frequently than in adults. Pediatric pGBMs have a different molecular profile than GBM for adults. The aim of the presentation of this case is the possibility of the effectiveness of the GBM radiation method and the evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging, and the monitoring of the treatment outcome of the patient.Material and methods: The case study is of the retrospective-prospective type. Medical documentation, magnetic resonance imaging, and chronologically monitored evaluation of the findings from November 2018 to August 2021 were used to present the study. The postoperative course was analyzed, as well as the effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, VMAT radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with Temozolomide in a patient aged 4 years and 6 months, comparing treatment outcome with median and overall survival in glioblastoma.Results: The pediatric patient after being diagnosed with high-grade glioma in 2018 is so far in very good general condition, without signs of physical and psycho-social defects, which compared to the scientifically proven median of survival indicates a good therapeutic effect. Volumetrically modulated arc radiotherapy with the use of modern IGRT verification techniques and with the use of chemotherapy with Temozoloimod, has proven to be a still effective oncological method treatment of GBM. For the final outcome of the disease and the effect of therapeutic modalities, the patient's condition and evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging will be monitored. The result supports further research into this therapeutic regimen.Conclusion: Glioblastoma is a very aggressive tumor, which occurs somewhat less frequently in the pediatric population than in adults, but is a very fatal disease. Surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy, with adjuvant Temozolomide is still the method of choice in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Objective: The increased level of interleukin (IL)-33 is considered as a predictor of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, but its role at different stages of the disease is still unclear. Our goal was to analyze the correlation of IL-33 and other innate immunity cytokines with disease severity. Methods: In this study, 220 patients with COVID-19 were included and divided into two groups, mild/moderate and severe/critical. The value of the cytokines, clinical, biochemical, radiographic data was collected and their correlation with disease severity was analyzed. Results: Most patients in the severe/critical group were male (81.8%) and older (over 64.5 years). We found a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in these two groups between clinical features (dyspnea, dry cough, fatigue, and auscultatory findings); laboratory [(neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin, plasma glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), Fe, and Ferritin)], arterial blood gases (oxygen saturation-Sa02, partial pressure of oxygen -p02), and chest X-rays (CXR) lung findings (p = 0.000). We found a significantly higher serum concentration (p < 0.05) of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and IL-33 in patients with COVID-19 with severe disease. In the milder stage of COVID-19, a positive correlation was detected between IL-33 and IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-23, while a stronger positive correlation between the serum values of IL-33 and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 and IL-23 was detected in patients with COVID-19 with severe disease. A weak negative correlation (p < 0.05) between pO2 and serum IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-33 and between SaO2 and serum IL-33 was noted. The positive relation (p < 0.05) between the serum values of IL-33 and IL-12, IL-33 and IL-6, and IL-6 and IL-12 is proven. Conclusion: In a more progressive stage of COVID-19, increased IL-33 facilitates lung inflammation by inducing the production of various innate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-23) in several target cells leading to the most severe forms of the disease. IL-33 correlates with clinical parameters of COVID-19 and might represent a promising marker as well as a therapeutic target in COVID-19.

BACKGROUND In the first year of studies, students face many changes. On one side is the demanding medical education, and on the other side, is to find a balance with old friends, parents, and a new social environment. These changes may result in psychological symptoms such as anxiety or depression, which is the most commonly, reported mental disorder among students. This study intended to explore the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-year medical students and investigate how family cohesion, flexibility and psychosocial factors influence anxiety and depression. METHODS 149 medical students (76.5 % females and 23.5 % males) took part in a crosssectional study. The survey was conducted via the sociodemographic questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the short version of Loneliness Scale, Family Adaptability & Cohesion Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate and severe anxiety and depression symptoms among medical students was 53.8 % and 19.5 %, respectively. Female students experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to their male colleagues. Students who had physical activities at least once a week showed significantly lower anxiety and depression scores. Anxiety and depression were positively associated with loneliness and negatively associated with perceived social support from family and self-esteem. Depression was also negatively associated with family cohesion and adaptability. Moreover, the results revealed that family cohesion was a strong predictor of the severity of depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that variables such as gender, physical activities, feeling of loneliness, low self-esteem, and perceived social support from family play an important role in the experience of anxiety and depression among medical students. This study raises awareness about mental disorders in medical students, especially anxiety and depression, and invites the placement of these problems among the top priorities of public health policies. KEY WORDS Anxiety; Depression, Family Relations, Students

Food costs are the highest costs in milk production so they need to be minimized. In large dairy farms, the total share of food in the cost structure ranges from 50-60%, while in small farms it is above 60%. By producing one's own voluminous food, the sustainable needs of animals and lower milk production can be met, while higher milk production requires the use of concentrated nutrients produced on one's own farm (corn, cereals). The purchase of ready-mixed feeds should be avoided because it is economically unjustified. Poorer quality and inadequate quantities (more or less than technological needs) in the diet of dairy cows have a direct effect on the amount of milk produced, and thus on income. The production of own fodder and its use greatly reduces the cost of milk because the internal factors of the farm's business determine the success of the business more than the selling price. The cost of food in the total cost of milk production participates from 44.50% in small farms that have a grazing system in the feeding, to 56.71% in Holstein cows in 2021. The share of concentrate in the total cost of feeding is from 55.80% in Holstein cows in 2020 to 71.23% in small farms with a grazing system in the feeding. The costs of production of corn silage in the feeding ratio in 2020. yaer amounted 0.0514 BAM / kg, and in the feeding ratio in 2021. Year 0.0433 BAM / kg. The price of concentrate in the feeding ratio in 2020. Year was 0.55 BAM / kg, and in 2021. Year 0.72 BAM / kg (1 BAM = 0,511 €) (1 BAM = 0, 59 $) The coefficient of economy is from 1.4920 in farms with up to 10 Simmental cows, to 1.8214 in larger Holstein cow farms.

By seed surfaces according to the information the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Institute of Statistics Republic of Srpska of the total area under vegetables potatoes occupies 57% sowing area, so that after the corn and wheat, potatoes the most important agricultural plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most are lighter types of land - permeable, loose, sandy-humus and sandy-clay ground with crumb structure, rich in mineral and organic matter, with favorable water – air characteristics. Does not match his tough swampy lands with a high level of underground water. Tolerate acid soil reaction, and the optimum pH is 5,4-6,5. Given that the area of Tuzla canton mainly acid soil with pH values from 4.5 to 5.5 made the production of a sample on the plot that had a pH value of 4.6 as a material for the reparation of land or quality of calcification was Fertdolomit in order to increase in pH, after you apply Fertdolomit analysis has found that the increased pH value to 5.8. Calcification is a measure of repair of chemical properties of soil, primarily reducing its acidity, ie. bringing the pH value to the optimum level for the cultivation of certain plant species calcium use of fertilizers. At the same time, this measure of the repair water-air, mechanical, physical and biological properties of soil. Reflected in the potatoes plant in four different variants: the control, with the use of 40 t / ha of manure, the use of 40 t / ha manure and NPK 7:20:30 400 kg / ha and the use of manure 40 t / ha, NPK 7:20: 30 in the amount of 400 kg / ha with supplements Fertdolomit in the amount of 3 t / ha. The results reflected a big point to the importance of calcification in the production of potatoes.

Introduction: Nosocomial infections are a global problem in the health care system, but they more affect lowand middleincome countries. Educating healthcare professionals about nosocomial infections and prevention strategies to have a significant impact on reducing the number of infections. Aim: To determine and compare students' knowledge and attitudes about nosocomial infections and prevention strategies at the Faculty of Nursing and Sanitary Engineering from the Faculty of Health Studies and the School of Medicine. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 150 students of third and fourth academic years, both sexes, from the Department of Nursing (n = 50), Department of Sanitary Engineering (n = 50) of Faculty of Health Studies and the School of Medicine (n = 50). The survey was conducted using a self-designed survey questionnaire, divided into three sections: knowledge of nosocomial infections, knowledge of hand hygiene, beliefs, and attitudes about the effect of education on nosocomial infections. Each unit had 5 statements, and the possibility of answering with "YES" or "NO". Result: Students of all three studies showed, on average, good knowledge of the occurrence and prevention of nosocomial infections. The post-hoc comparison showed significantly higher knowledge of students from the School of Medicine and Sanitary Engineering compared to the knowledge of students from the Department of Nursing (p <0.005), but not in the hand hygiene test. In the hand hygiene test, a significant difference in overall knowledge was found between the School of Medicine and Sanitary Engineering, in favor of the School of Medicine (p = 0.037). Most students from all faculties are convinced that knowledge of nosocomial infections and adherence to prevention measures is an important strategy in their prevention. Conclusion: The knowledge of the health-oriented faculties of the University of Mostar is satisfactory. Nevertheless, many students at all faculties consider that education at faculties is insufficient.

Throughout most of history, children with hearing impairments were on the margins of society. Because of their place in society, research about the possibility of music perception and engaging actively as a professional musician and dancer, started at the end of the 20th century. Although that progress started at the end of the 20th century, children with hearing impairments from Bosnia and Herzegovina don't have enough support of educational system which could include them in art education. This situation we can especially see in field of music and dance, which are very hard for adjustment because of their sensory impairment. To prove that children with hearing impairments can perceive music and improve their motor ability with the help of dance which is not at their age level, we created a special educational program which consists of music-dance workshops, where the main goal is to improve body coordination and speed of movement with music-rhythmic stimulations and dance. In this program, which last four and half months, we included 14 girls with hearing impairments from eleven to fifteen years of life. At the beginning of this program, we performed initial measurement of body coordination and movement speed, and at the end of this four-and-a-half-months long program, we performed final measurement through five standard tests: Eight with banding (MKOS), Steps aside (MKKS), Envelope test (MKKT), Slalom with three medical balls (MKS3M) and Long jump backwards (MKSUU). For effect analysis of applying musical-rhythmic stimulation, we used t-test for final samples (paired samples test). The results of this research are showing us that there is statistically significant difference in ability of body coordination and movement speed and that this musical-dance workshop program has positive impact on development of chosen motor ability.