The linguistic knowledge of foreign language learners appears to be partly implicit and partly explicit. Learners rely on implicit knowledge when involved in spontaneous everyday com- munication, while explicit knowledge enables them to reflect on language structures and reco- gnise or use metalanguage. The present study investigated the explicit and implicit foreign language learners’ knowledge of English tenses in the Bosnian context at the end of the first educational cycle, i.e., primary school, by means of a metalinguistic test, an untimed gram- maticality judgement test and an elicited imitation test. The study aimed at exploring the var- iability in the quantity and quality of EFL learners’ knowledge and the relationship between different types of knowledge based on three factors, namely gender, average grade, and start- ing age. While revealing quite limited knowledge of the target structures, the findings showed no significant difference between explicit and implicit knowledge, while the correlation co- efficients between them were relatively high. Out of the three factors, a three-way ANOVA showed that only average grade proved to have a significant main effect on EFL knowledge. The interaction effect of gender and grade was significant on the participants’ overall EFL knowledge and their explicit knowledge, whereas a significant interaction effect of all three factors was confirmed only on explicit knowledge.

The term transport chain includes the sum of all flows in which the transported goods are in motion, starting from the suppliers of raw materials, through intermediaries-wholesalers and retailers, all the way to the final consumers. The transport chain also includes numerous services that also contribute to increasing the value of the product. What will be the concrete structure of the transport chain, first of all, depends on the characteristics of the product itself, which is required by the final consumer, and which must be offered by the manufacturer. At the same time, the demands of consumers are based on the characteristics of their way of life and lifestyle, including the demands imposed by religious beliefs. These are specific requirements that, for example, are imposed on the Islamic faith through Sharia law. It strictly prescribes what is permissible for Islamic believers (permitted goods, services or behaviors) and is called halal. When we consider the Halal standard and its application in logistics, it means that all members of the supply chain in the Halal product system must comply with Sharia law. It specifically imposes the need for halal certification; specific hygienic and sanitary premises. At the same time, the procedures must be controlled by specially qualified persons and organizations, which are accepted by Islam.

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is defined as the study of the sulci labiorum, known as "lip prints". Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics of the lip grooves in the three dominant nationalities in the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonians, Albanians, Roma) and to compare the obtained results with the morphological characteristics of the lip grooves in three other populations from different geographical regions. Material and methods: In this research, we included 150 examinees aged 25-50 years and divided them into three groups: Macedonians (50), Albanians (50) and Roma (50). The lip prints were taken using microscopic slides and detected using the dactyloscopic powder and brush method. We used the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification to typify the lip prints. Results: The most common type of lip grooves in the population of the Republic of North Macedonia was the type II grooves. There was no significant difference in the presence of different types of lip grooves in the four quadrants between males and females, nor between Macedonians, Albanians and Roma. The comparative analysis showed that populations from different geographical areas had different anthropological and morphological characteristics of the lip grooves. Conclusion: Type II lip grooves are the most common in the population of the Republic of North Macedonia and there is no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of different types of lip grooves in the three nationalities in this study. Considering the large number of factors that can affect the quality of the lip print, we recommend that a swab should always be taken before collecting the lip print in order to attempt to extract DNA material from the found trace.

The effects of the aerobic endurance running program on the morphological characteristics of adolescent girls with different nutritional SUMMARY: This study aimed to explore the effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic endurance running program on the morphological characteristics of normal-weighted and overweighted female adolescents and whether effects differ between individuals of different nutritional statuses. A total of 47 adolescent girls participated in this randomized controlled trial. Before and after 12 weeks of intervention, measurements were obtained for body height, body mass, BMI, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, thigh, and calf skinfolds, and chest, abdominal, thigh, and calf circumference. The total duration of the program was 12 weeks, with a frequency of 2 hours/week (24 sessions). The individual session lasted 60 minutes, and the intensity ranged from 60 % HRmax to 80 %. The findings from the present study suggest that the 12-week aerobic endurance running program induced changes in morphological characteristics of female adolescents. The significant reductions in body mass and BMI were small for normal-weight adolescents (-2,64 % and -3,48 %) and moderate for overweight adolescents (-4,14 % and -4,36 %) following the experimental program. The magnitude of reductions in the skinfold thickness was small for both groups (triceps, subscapular, abdominal, and calf) and moderate for thigh skinfold and a sum of skinfolds in the overweight group. The reductions in the magnitude of all circular measures were small for both groups. It ranged from -1.59 % to -2.59 % for normal-weight and from -2.54 % to -3.92 % for overweight adolescents, respectively. Additionally, the effects of the applied program seem more favorable to overweight than normal-weight adolescents. This study's current findings indicate that the 12-week aerobic endurance running program is effective due to improvements in morphological characteristics, body mass, and BMI of female adolescents. Additionally, this study's findings show that applied aerobic endurance running program proved more effective for overweight adolescents.

Andrić's doctoral dissertation, titled "Development of spiritual life in Bosnia under the influence of Turkish rule," has so far initiated many discussions, mostly criticism of the methodology used by Andrić in this dissertation, but also many criticisms related to challenging the scientific character of the dissertation itself. In this paper, the author focuses on a completely different segment of Andrić's dissertation, which previous analyses and critiques of Andrić's dissertation have not covered. The problem of corruption in the Ottoman Empire shall be the subject of the analysis, and certainly the problem of corruption in Bosnia as part of the Ottoman Empire. The paper analyses the scientific basis of Andrić's claims in the dissertation on the ubiquity of corruption in the Ottoman Empire, and the possible impact of the corruption of Ottoman institutions on the development of institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author explains the importance of Andrić's dissertation for a better understanding of the problem of corruption in the functioning of the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the theory of historical institutionalism.

Introduction/Objective Cat bites can seriously harm human health, especially if the bite comes from a stray or feral cat who is not under veterinary supervision. Cat bites are the second most common mammal bites, second only to dog bites, and responsible for ¾ of all bites that result in infection. We are presenting the case of a young woman whose hand had been bitten by a stray or feral cat. The objective of this case study is to stress the importance of timely medical treatment and wound management based on guidelines for treating bites inflicted by stray or feral cats, aiming to prevent possible complications. Case report A 32-year-old woman was admitted and examined in the University of Sarajevo Clinical Centre Emergency Department on the third day after being bitten by a stray or feral cat, by which time all signs of inflammation had already developed at the site of the injury-her right hand. Medical help was provided based on guidelines that included specific wound dressings recommended for animal bites, a prescription of antibiotics, analgesics and an anti-tetanus shot. The patient fully recovered with no complications. Conclusion The specific anatomy of the cat's canines enables them to penetrate deeply into the bitten tissue, which can cause an innoculation of a wide range of microorganisms from the cat's mouth into the patient's bloodstream. This can cause serious inflammatory processes, especially in immunocompromised patients. Adequate medical treatment of injuries resulting from cat bites is necessary as soon as possible, but no later than 48 hours after the incident.

The Lece mine is characterized by the fact that it has gold and silver besides the main valuable components in the flotation concentrates of lead and zinc. Practically since the opening of the mine and flotation, research has been carried out with the aim of obtaining better technological indicators on all four valuable metals (lead, zinc, gold and silver), especially on gold. This paper represents a contribution to that research in order to increase the recovery of gold in flotation concentrates. Gold occurs in ore in several ways (native, with lead and zinc, with pyrite and quartz), which requires a complex technological scheme of gold valorization. Most of the gold is bound to galena and is valorized through lead concentrate. A smaller part of the gold is bound to zinc and is valorized through zinc concentrate. However, about 25% of the gold remains in tailings. Researchers ie. the authors of this paper tried to valorize part of the gold that is lost in the tailings by introducing a third pyrite concentrate with an increased gold content. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on the possibility of obtaining pyrite concentrate from the Lece tailings and a proposal for a technological scheme of the process.

Under contemporary business conditions, there are numerous models used for the assessment of a company's financial situation and the prediction of the likelihood of its bankruptcy. These models have been mainly developed using the company's financial information. One of them is the Altman Z-score model. The model separates financially successful and stable companies from those having difficulties in business and headed for bankruptcy. This paper explains the importance of prudential information, basic financial statements and financial indicators and presents the research aimed at evaluating the applicability of the revised Altman Z'-score model in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Based on financial information, the paper analyzes the business activities of 50 large manufacturing companies in FBiH. The revised Z'-score model achieved a relatively good result in assessing the companies with business difficulties as it correctly classified 10 out of 20 companies; the other 10 companies were not incorrectly classified into the companies with the stable business but they were placed in the grey zone. The model proved completely reliable in the classification of all 30 companies with stable businesses. The research results indicate that the revised Altman Z'-score may be used as the predictor of the financial failure of manufacturing companies in FBiH. This model is definitely the tool that may assist while making business decisions. However, due to the specific business environment in FBiH, the model is recommended to be used as an additional rather than the basic indicator for predicting financial failure.

Background: Pretreatment differentiation between glioblastoma and metastasis is a frequently encountered dilemma in neurosurgical practice. Distinction is required for precise planning of resection or radiotherapy, and also for defining further diagnostic procedures. Morphology and spectroscopy imaging features are not specific and frequently overlap. This limitation of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was the reason to initiate this study. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the dataset of diffusion tensor imaging metrics contains information which may be used for the distinction between primary and secondary intra-axial neoplasms. Methods: Two diffusion tensor imaging parameters were measured in 81 patients with an expansive, ring-enhancing, intra-axial lesion on standard magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T system). All tumors were histologically verified glioblastoma or secondary deposit. For qualitative analysis, two regions of interest were defined: intratumoral and immediate peritumoral region (locations 1 and 2, respectively). Fractional anisotropy and mean difusivity values of both groups were compared. Additional test was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in mean values between two locations. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in fractional anisotropy values among two locations, with decreasing values in the direction of neoplastic infiltration, although such difference was not observed in fractional anisotropy values in the group with secondary tumors. Mean difusivity values did not appear helpful in differentiation between these two entities. In both groups there was no significant difference in mean difusivity values, neither in intratumoral nor in peritumoral location. Conclusion: The results of our study justify associating the diffusion tensor imaging technique to conventional morphologic magnetic resonance imaging as an additional diagnostic tool for the distinction between primary and secondary intra-axial lesions. Quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging metric, in particular measurement of fractional anisotropy in peritumoral edema facilitates accurate diagnosis.