Background: Invasive ductal cancer (IDC) represents about 75% of all breast malignancies. There are many breast cancer prognostic factors, but the ones that have the most impact on the survival rates in advanced breast cancer are tumor size and regional lymph node involvement. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has particularly important and undoubtful role in current surgical options for breast cancer treatment. With the introduction of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer patients it was possible to identify those to whom regional spread of the disease did not occur at the time of surgery, and thus spare them an unnecessary ALND procedure. Objective: To determine the rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using only methylene blue dye as a mapping agent, as well as to correlate the number of positive SLNs with the number of positive non-sentinel lymph nodes (non-SLNs). Methods: The study represents a prospective study that included 50 female patients with histologically confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who underwent SLNB using only methylene blue dye as the mapping agent, while the detection and harvest of SNL was done by visual control only. All patients also underwent an obligatory complete ALND, which was as that time the institutional oncological protocol for surgical treatment of histologically confirmed IDC. The final data such as tumor size, SLN and non-SLN status were obtained by further analysis of pathohistological reports from tumor biopsy and other surgical specimens. Results: The accuracy rate of SLN detection was 98%. The number of detected SLN was in the range of 1 to 6, with an average of 2 for each patient. The number of positive SLN was in significant correlation with the number of tumor-affected non-SNL (p<0,001). Further analysis showed that for each increase in the number of positive SLN by 1, the risk of positive non-SLN increased 6-fold, OR=6,22 (p<0,001). Conclusion: Use of methylene blue dye as a sole mapping agent when performing SLNB in patients with IDC is a reliable and effective method that can be safely implemented in medical institutions that lack availability of nuclear medicine services or significant monetary funds.

Abstract The current extremely volatile business environment requires companies to manage a wide range of risks. Poor management of the company’s main risks can lead to significant value losses for key stakeholders. Companies strive to preserve and protect their value by developing risk management models based on organisational culture, processes and structure. The main objective of this paper is to assess the maturity of risk management, explore its determinants and examine its impact on firm value. In order to quantify the maturity of the risk management model, we have created an index based on 31 reference components whose weighting values have been determined by a group of experts using the Delphi technique. In addition, this paper aims to identify the determinants of the risk management model maturity in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Based on the estimated ordinary least squares (OLS) model, the results confirm that companies from the financial sector have more mature risk management models compared to the real sector. Moreover, the size of the firm and the type of auditor were identified as additional determinants of risk management maturity. The OLS model confirms the positive and statistically significant impact of risk management model maturity on Tobin’s Q value.

Abstract Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) hydrolyse extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and aztreonam. As ESBL-producing organisms have been identified in food producing animals, the aim of our study was to detect and analyse such Escherichia coli isolates from poultry. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined with disk-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. ESBLs were detected with the double-disk synergy and inhibitor-based test with clavulanic acid. The transferability of cefotaxime resistance was determined with conjugation experiments, and genes encoding ESBLs, plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases, and quinolone resistance determinants identified by polymerase chain reaction. The study included 108 faecal samples (cloacal swabs) from 25 different poultry farms in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of these, 75 (69.4 %) were positive for E. coli, of which 27 were resistant to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, cefazoline, and cefriaxone, and susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and amikacin. All 27 cefotaxime-resistant isolates were positive in double-disk synergy and combined disk tests. Eighteen isolates transferred cefotaxime resistance to E. coli recipient. Twenty-one isolates were positive for the blaCTX-M-1 cluster genes and seven for blaCTX-M-15. Fourteen were positive for the blaTEM genes. The most frequent plasmid incompatibility group was IncFIB, whereas IncFIA and Inc HI1 were present in only a few isolates. Two different sequence types (STs) were identified: ST117 and ST155. The emergence of ESBL-producing E. coli in farm animals presents a public health threat, as they can colonise the intestine and cause infections in humans.

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals – including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing –omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards “personalised medicine”.

Abstract Background: In a contemporary fast-changing world, companies are facing growing global competition, volatile markets, altered workforce structure, and another technological reshifting, which generates enormous pressure on them to improve their business performance and imposes the necessity to highlight practices of talent management more seriously. Objectives: In this study we explore interrelations between attraction/work motivational factors and talent retention, observed through talent engagement. Methods/Approach: The methodology in this research focuses on the comprehensive resource-based view and encompasses quantitative analysis based on data gathered from talented managers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: The research results unveiled that talents were attracted to work for current companies primarily because of: good salary and company goodwill. The top three prevalent work motivational factors for talents included: (1) comfortable work environment, (2) enough autonomy and creativity in working and deciding, and (3) work-life balance. Furthermore, talent motivational factors related to talent retention in a statistically significant positive way. Conclusions: This study furnishes available talent research and theory by relating attraction/work motivational factors to talent engagement; and by introducing the fundamental motivational factors which are of monumental importance for retaining talented managers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The sense of sight plays a very important role in the life of every individual, since we receive most of the information from the environment with the help of sight. Visually impaired children have difficulty receiving information from the world around them. Lack of visual experience can negatively affect their development. Timely examinations and assessments will indicate the occurrence of various neurological disorders in children, if any are present. A very common cause of neurological disorders is perinatal brain damage. Children with perinatal brain damage often have difficulties in visual functioning and it is therefore very important to assess functional vision in these children. If there are any neurodevelopmental disorders in the child, it is important to start vision rehabilitation as soon as possible, in order to effectively influence the improvement of visual functions. Keywords: functional vision, perinatal brain damage, early vision rehabilitation.

Abstract – Oversized transport is an organizationally and infrastructurally demanding way of performing transport activities. It is a very important factor in an overall economic system. Since it is a mode of transport that has specific requirements in terms of organization and infrastructure, this paper evaluates the factors for its execution. The Fuzzy PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria (Fuzzy PIPRECIA) method was used to determine the significance of ten criteria. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the necessary conditions for adequate and safe oversized transport. Keywords – oversized transport, Fuzzy PIPRECIA

Abstract – In this paper, an extensive analysis of the number of access points on a rural road network in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been performed. The HCM methodology defines that each access point adversely affects the speed of free traffic flow. The negative impact is quantitatively shown through 19 sections of rural roads, as well as a trend of reducing traffic flow speed on each of the analyzed sections. By analyzing and synthesizing the data, the values obtained indicate that access points affect reducing free traffic flow speed in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina twice more than in the Republic of Srpska. The analysis also shows the spatial distribution of accesses points on the main roads section, which has been measured on 200 m subsections. Keywords – access points, traffic flow, speed.

Abstract The primary purpose of this work is to provide an overview and comparative analysis of various Information System Audit Quality measures, as well as to test the validity of the chosen measurement scale empirically. In this regard, a thorough literature study was undertaken, followed by primary empirical research, and the reliability and validity of the measurement scale were tested. Based on the identified papers, a questionnaire was created and evaluated by a panel of experts. Following that, data was collected from respondents who were either managers inside the organizational unit responsible for information technology or those designated as adequate by the heads of IT departments.

Background: Persistent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a vascular structure that connects the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta. It plays an important role in the fetal blood flow pattern. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present two cases from Neonatology of Cantonal hospital in Bihac, with hemodynamically significant ductus, different “timing” of treatment and different therapeutic options. Results and Discussion: The ductus closes functionally within the first 72 to 96 hours after the birth. Its anatomical closure follows in the next 14 days. If it remains open after the third month of life, it is treated as a congenital heart anomaly with a left-right shunt. Approximately 10% of all congenital heart defects are PDA with an incidence of 2-4 per 1000 live births. It has been clinically proven that PDA is present in 45% of premature babies with a birth weight of less than 1750 g and in about 80% of premature babies with a birth weight below 1200 g. As criteria for the application of drug therapy (in this case we use Paracetamol) for ductal closure, we took into account clinical parameters and echo parameters that indicated that it was a hemodynamically significant ductal shunt. Prerequisites for treatment were normal liver function confirmed by laboratory tests, normal platelet count, no intracranial hemorrhage, normal gastrointestinal function, normal coagulation parameters, normal renal function, calm parameters of inflammation. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PDA in the early, asymptomatic phase, in premature babies, is made by early echocardiographic examination. The decision on treatment should be based on clinical and echocardiographic criteria. Paracetamol is an alternative in the treatment of this cardiac problem of premature infants and could be more effective if used in early, presymptomatic phase.

Background: Hyperglycemia, polyuria, and glycosuria are all risk factors for the frequency of urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study is to establish correlation between inflammatory and biochemical parameters in patients with diabetes and urinary tract infection. Methods: Total number 116 patients were monitored, at the ages between 18-95 years, with diabetes and urinary tract infection, of which 59.49% women and 40.51% men. Patients were with a duration of diabetes from 0 to over 20 years, with an average fasting glycemia of 9.54 mmol/l, and postprandial glycemia 13.94 mmol/l, HbA1C 9.92%, which have been poorly regulated in the last 3-4 months. Inflammatory parameters SE, CRP, leukocytes were correlated with inflammatory parameters of urine sediment and positive urine cultures. Results: Average values of urea, creatinine, and proteinuria were positively correlated with the duration of diabetes. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus feecalis, and Candida albicans were the most common pathogens isolated in urine culture, 51 patients had reinfection once, 39 patients had two reinfections, and 26 patients had three reinfections during the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Duration of diabetes, long-term poor glycoregulation lead to microangiopathic changes in the kidneys in the form of diabetic nephropathy with retention of nitrogenous substances of urea, creatinine with proteinuria, and acute hyperglycemia, polyuria and glycosuria, further leading to frequent urinary tract infections.

Background: The etiology of preeclampsia has still not been completely explained. Early identification of women with the risk of developing preeclampsia is a key goal of antenatal care. Objective: To investigate risk factors for preeclampsia from the history, laboratory and ultrasound findings (Doppler). Methods: Pregnant women with normal Doppler sonography in the second trimester of pregnancy were classified as a control group, while pregnant women with impaired Doppler in the second trimester were considered as the investigated group with presumably increased risk for preeclampsia. A total number of 80 patients was included in the study (40 patients in each group). Results: The difference of urea, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum of the control and investigated group was statistically significant, while the differences were not statistically significant for creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The presence of a notch sign during assessment of blood flow in uterine arteries in subjects in the investigated group with the diagnosis of preeclampsia had the specificity of 47.62%, and sensitivity of 88.89%. The positive predictive value of a notch sign during assessment of blood flow in uterine arteries as a marker for diagnosis of preeclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy was 90.91%, and its negative. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure are dependent variables which are predicting preeclampsia, whilst a notch sign in uterine arteries was designated as an independent variable predicting preeclampsia. Conclusion: From the laboratory tests the following parameters were considered as the risk factors for preeclampsia: increasing levels of urea, uric acid, and LDH. Notch sign was considered to be a very strong predictor of preeclampsia, especially if present bilaterally. Doppler sonography in the second trimester of pregnancy is a good predictor for early diagnosis of preeclampsia.