The paper presents some general theoretical settings about the principle of immediacy in criminal proceedings. It should serve as a theoretical platform for developing further research in this area. The author gives a definition of the principle of immediacy and sees his place in the classification of procedural principles, linking it to the judicial function. The principle of immediacy is one of the implicit procedural principles, which also have international legal roots in Art. 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms. The paper emphasizes and analyzes the following important features of the principle of immediacy: instrumentality, complexity, relativity (susceptibility to gradation) and connection with other procedural principles.

Th is article presents the results of testing the social-entrepreneurial intention model on a student sample at the University of Bihać. Th e classical model of the Th eory of planned behavior was used as a theoretical framework. Regression analysis determined that signifi cant direct predictors of social entrepreneurial intention are personal attitude towards social entrepreneurship ( β =0.212; p=0.007) and perceived behavioral control ( β =0.644; p=0.000), while subjective norms were not confi rmed as a statistically signifi cant direct predictor. Th e model explains 54.4% of the variance of social entrepreneurial intention. 53.8% of respondents have an entrepreneur in their close family. Students who have an entrepreneur in their immediate family achieve statistically signifi cantly higher values in perceived behavioral control, but also statistically signifi cantly lower values in personal attitude, compared to students who do not have a close person who is an entrepreneur. Th at is, students who have a person in their close family who is an entrepreneur, compared to students who do not have such a person, may feel more capable of starting a social entrepreneurial venture, but they may also have a lower degree of desirability to become social entrepreneurs. Due to the lack of quantitative studies in the fi eld of social entrepreneurship, which is still in the phase of building theoretical models, we believe that the results of testing the model of social entrepreneurial intention, presented in this article, will contribute to a better understanding of the application of the theory of planned behavior in the fi eld of social entrepreneurship.

Purpose: This paper examines direct and serial indirect effects of creativity supported at the university on male and female entrepreneurial behavior through entrepreneurial self-efficacy and individual entrepreneurial intent. Methodology: The hypothesized model (which we tested) was a serial mediation model with two mediators. To examine the question of whether the relationship between variables varies by gender, model 6 in PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2018) was utilized separately for male (n = 218) and female (n = 385) students from nine different universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: Serial mediation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and individual entrepreneurial intent in the relationship between creativity supported at the university and student entrepreneurial behavior were supported in both male and female samples. Conclusion: Serial mediation analyses indicated that a higher level of creativity supported at the university will improve student entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which may increase their entrepreneurial intent, and consequently, their entrepreneurial behavior. When the university encourages students to produce new ideas and examine old problems in new ways, it improves student confidence in their ability to mobilize cognitive, motivational, and behavioral facilities to perform entrepreneurial tasks successfully, and, in response, students demonstrate a higher level of individual entrepreneurial intent and a greater propensity for entrepreneurial behavior. However, it should be noted that an indirect effect of UC on EB only through EI was not significant in the female sample, which highlights the importance of ESE in the relationship between UC, female EI, and female EB. The results opened up a new field of research on how other types of creativity and other types of university support may affect students’ entrepreneurial behavior.

The physical properties of three sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 6 rootstock were studied in agroecological conditions of Blagaj, Herzegovina (southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina), during a period of two years (2020‒2021). The research included fruit and stone weight, flesh ratio, stalk length, fruit dimensions and fruit shape index) of Early Lory, Regina and Kordia cultivars. The fruits of the cultivar Kordia had the highest fruit and stone weight, flesh ratio, stalk length, fruit width as well as fruit shape index. The cultivar Early Lory had the highest fruit width and thickness. Based on the results, the cultivar Kordia showed the best results of physical properties of the fruit compared to the cultivar Early Lory and Regina.

As a business function that deals with the establishment of efficient and effective processes for planning and control of the company's operations, controlling has become a crucial function of any business organization. The global changes have forced companies to very intensively and quickly adapt their operations to new market conditions, and controlling bears the most significant burden of this adaptation to global changes. To expand the scope of knowledge about controlling, this paper provides a literature review of controlling development in modern businesses, focusing on selected developed and developing countries. According to the findings of various studies, controlling is used in the majority of firms in developed economies, and his role has expanded. Existing studies support the conclusion that controlling contributes to improved business performance. Based on the literature review, the paper presents an analysis of the current state of controlling function development in companies of selected developed and developing countries, with special emphasis on Bosnia and Herzegovina, where controlling is not fully implemented with limited practical use. Therefore, some recommendations for adequate development of controlling function in Bosnia and Herzegovina and developing countries are proposed.