Fakultet zdravstvenih studija od svog osnivanja je prošao kroz više razvojnih faza u kojima su urađene organizacione promjene, kreirani, revidirani nastavni planovi i programi, usklađeni sa razvojem radioloških tehnologija i potreba za tržištem rada. Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Fakultet zdravstvenih studija, kroz primjenu savremenih metoda učenja i istraživanja, educira kvalitetne, sposobne, kreativne i međunarodno kompetentne kadrove u oblastima radiodijagnostike, radioterapije i nuklearne. Kroz teoretsku i praktičnu nastavu temeljenu na istraživanjima, inovacijama i akademskoj izvrsnosti obrazuje nosioce zdravstvene profesije Bachelore Radioloških tehnologija. U toku svoga obrazovanja studenti obavljaju praktičnu nastavu na savremenim radiološkim aparatima i stiču potrebna znanja i vještine. Kroz teoretsku i praktičnu nastavu na Prvom ciklusu studija koja traje 4 godine, studenti ostvaruju 6000 sati nastave, što iznosi 240 ECTS bodova. Po završetku studija postaju kompetentni za rad na visokosofisticiranim dijagnostičkim i terapijskim radiološkim aparatima. Fakultet zdravstvenih studija obrazuje i magistre radioloških tehnologija koji stiču diplome po završetku drugog ciklusa studija i doktore zdravstvenih nauka po završetku trećeg ciklusa studija – doktorskog studija. Dakle, Fakultet zdravstvenih studija pruža i razvija obrazovnu i naučnoistraživačku djelatnost, tako da studenti tokom studija na sva tri ciklusa studija stiču znanje i vještine, sposobnost kritičke procjene znanja i bave se istraživačkim radom.

Uvod: Do sad korištene tehnike magnetno rezonantnog oslikavanja lumbalne kičme nisu davale podatke o djelovanju sile gravitacije na kičmu, te o odnosu anatomskih struktura prilikom djelovanja iste. Budući da se konvencionalni MRI pregledi kičme obično izvodi u ležećem položaju, u funkcionalnom mirovanju, stanje opterećenja se razlikuje od stanja za koje se zna da izaziva simptome kod pacijenata pogođenih nestabilnošću lumbalne kičme, to se često pogoršava uspravnim stajanjem i nevidljivo je u ležećem položaj. alMRI može poboljšati kvalitet dijagnosticiranja patologije lumbalne kičme i dovesti do lakšeg odlučivanja o daljem tretmanu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi značaj alMRI u otkrivanju morfoloških promjena lumbalnog dijela kičme uzrokovanih aksijalnim opterećenjem i uporediti ga sa konvencionalnim MRI snimcima lumbalne kičme bez opterećenja. Metode: Studija je provedena kao prospektivno, deskriptivno kliničko ispitivanje. Snimanje je izvedeno na MR aparatu 1,5 T u ležećem položaju. Snimanje je izvedeno u dva čina: bez opterećenja i pod opterećenjem. Opterećenje za alMRI obavljeno je DynaWell L-Spine uređajem. Početak opterećenja bio je 10 minuta prije početka snimanja alMRI, a opterećenje se nastavilo tokom čitave procedure snimanja. Izmjerena je visina inetrevtebralnih (IV) prostora, AP i LL prečnik IV diska, površina IV diska, površina duralne vreće i širina IV foramena prije opterećenja i pod opterećenjem. Rezultati: Nakon evaluacije promjena visine i veličine lumbalnih diskova, površine duralne vreće i širine intervertebralnih prostora utvrđene su značajne razlike između slika prije i pod aksijalnim opterećenjem. Zaključak: alMRI daje informacije o morfološkim promjenama svih segmenata lumbalnog dijela kičme. Ovi podaci predstavljaju značajnu informaciju koja može dovesti do preciznijeg i efikasnijeg liječenja LBP.

Uvod: Radioterapija je kompleksna disciplina koja uključuje širok spektarstanja izazvanih malignim oboljenjima, organizacionu kompleksnost i upotrebu naprednih tehnoloških rješenja u terapiji, te ima veliki potencijal za razvoj incidenata.Incidenti, u zavisnosti od stepena ozbiljnosti, mogu kompromitirati efekat radioterapije, dovesti do izostanka kontrole bolesti i njenog recidiva ili pojave ranih i kasnih komplikacija na zdravim organima u smislu radiotoksičnosti. Ozbiljni incidenti u radioterapiji su rijetki, ali kada se dese, njihove posljedice mogu biti značajno oštećenje zdravlja ili smrt. Incidenti nisu posljedica slučajnog toka događaja, niti koincidencije koja će se teško ponoviti. Pojava incidenata ima svoje zakonitosi i posljedica je sistemskih postavki, uslova i procesa. Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti mogućnost upotrebe elektronskog sistema za prijavljivanje incidenata u upravljanju rizikom u radioterapiji. Metode: Za potrebe istraživanja razvijen je elektronski sistem za prijavljivanje incidentata u formi strukturiranog kompjuterskog intervjua prema ROSEIS metodologiji. Na osnovu informacija prikupljenih pomoću sistema napravljena je taksonomija incidenata prema: vrsti, mjestu i načinu nastanka, načinu detekcije, uzroku nastanka i faktorima doprinosa, dozimetrijskom i kliničkom značaju, te ozbiljnosti posljedica. Procjena rizika je napravljena upotrebom Risk Matrix metode. Rezultati: U rezultatima su prikazani najčešći uzroci nastanka i faktori promocije incidenata u radioterapiji, kao i njihova povezanost sa faktorima radnog okruženja, organizacije i upravljanja, finanasijskim i ljudskim resursima, radnim opterećenjem, radioterapijskim uređajima, softverom i tehnološkom kompleksnošću tretmana.Predložene su korektivne i preventivne mjere, te data procjena njihove efektivnosti na poboljšanje detekcije, redukciju vjerovatnoće pojave incidenata i redukciju njihove magnitude. Zaključci: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su informacije prikupljene pomoću elektronskog sistema za prijavljivanje incidenata dobar prerekvizit za razvoj sistema upravljanja rizikom koji omogućava identifikaciju i klasifikaciju najznačajnijih faktora rizika u radioterapiji, kao i utvrđivanje specifičnih preventivnih i korektivnih akcija s ciljem prevencije pojave incidenata i redukciju ozbiljnosti njihovih neželjenih efekata.

Objective: Determination of the importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection caused by COVID-19 infection, to compare computed tomography and computed tomography in detecting pathological changes caused by COVID-19 infection, and to prove the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography. Method: The results of prospective and retrospective studies were used to write this review article, by systematic selection on Internet scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref. Results: Based on a systematic review of the literature, it was established that chest CR is the first diagnostic method of choice, due to its wide availability. Conclusion: CT is a highly sensitive diagnostic method, and is recommended for more severe stages of the disease and accelerated exacerbation of the disease, in patients with slow regression of radiographic findings and in patients recovering from COVID-19 with impaired lung function.

Background: Spinal hydatid cyst represents a rare form of parasitic infection and is a serious clinical condition that can cause severe consequences such as paraplegia, tetraplegia, or radiculopathy. Objective: In this article, we report a case of a rare lumbar hydatid cyst in a 50-year-old man. Case presentation: We report a rare case of primary lumbar hydatid cyst. Recurrence was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although the patient had surgery and was taking albendazole regularly. Conclusion: MRI imaging should be used to diagnose the disease. Complete resection is the only treatment that can prevent the lesion from invading adjacent tissues. Regardless of all measures, the disease has a high recurrence rate.

Endogenously expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in various (patho)physiological processes. miRNA dysregulation is frequently linked to the onset and progression of numerous diseases, hence miRNA-based therapy could be an effective strategy for treating or preventing genetic, immune, or metabolic disorders. Even though miR-27a has been identified as a promising candidate for miRNA mimic therapy of obesity, its use is restricted due to enzymatic degradation and low membrane permeability [1].

Background: Scientific research is the only real way and method for the proliferation of true knowledge in all spheres of science, but also in academic institutions. Medical, and in a broader sense biomedical scientific research, is a process of systematic research of current and important health problems related to defined aspects of physical, mental or social well-being of the population of local, regional or global character. Objective: As the fact that today is conducted a number of scientific researches in the field of medicine, it is necessary to define the steps by which it is carried out to make it universal and to have scientific value. This paper describes the research methods, study design, the way in which one should be written, and why it is important to publicize the same. The aim of this article is to present the current tools available in scientometry for the evaluation of scientific validity of published articles and explain the purpose. Methods: Special emphasis is placed on scientometrics as the science that evaluates scientific papers and their citation in the selected sample of journals. Results and Discussion: The most important satisfaction for any scientist should be the realization that the result of research in a certain way in the future will affect at least one person to be healthier, which should be fundamental to the realization of research in practice–at universities or specialized scientific laboratories and institutes. Scientometrics analyzes scientific articles and their citation in a selected sample of scientific journals. Bibliometrics denotes quantitative research of communication processes by applying appropriate mathematical and statistical methods to books and other communication media. Bibliometric methods are used for quantitative analysis of written materials. Citation provides guidelines for scientific work, because it stimulates scientists to deal with the most current areas of research, and organizes scientific article at the world level, or shapes and directs it. Citation is influenced by: article quality, understanding of the article, language in which the article is written, loyalty to a group of researchers, article type, etc. In this article we pointed that h-Index presents one of a set of valuable measures to determine scientific excellence (bibliometrics recognize also m-value as useful). Some of the indicators used in the evaluation of scientific work are: Impact factor (IF); Citation of the article; Journal citations; Number and order of authors, etc. Impact Factor is the number of citations of articles published in the journal during the previous two years divided by the total number of articles published in the journal during the same period. Factor of influence depends on: the quality of the journal, the language on which it was printed, the area it covers, the journal distribution system. Although the h-Index is a better measure than a citation impact factor (IF), it is still based on the opinions of other authors. Conclusion: Since research in medicine can affect the improvement of clinical and public health practices, it is necessary to conduct them. Only quality research with exact results offers the scientific community new information about the examined problem, and the researcher personal satisfaction, the possibility of communicating and conducting scientific dialogue with other members of the academic community, and opening opportunities to receive critical review of those who have insight into the research.

The protected landscape (PL) of Biambare is one of the most fa­mous green sites for local visitors and tourists of Sarajevo. This area is distin­guished by beautiful Bosnian Alps (Dinarids) meadows and plenty of spec­tacular natural phenomena, especially caves; the Central Biambare Cave is currently the most popular. The terrain is situated at an elevation range of 915–1044 m above sea level, so it mostly has a pleasant pre-mountain climate, etc. Therefore, tourism supply is based on different products and activities: speleology; walking in nature; bicycling; riding; hiking; alpinism; fishing; hunting; skiing; and collecting medicinal herbs and mushrooms. The aim of the paper is to represent the Biambare tourist image based on identifying its central natural attributes and according to the evaluation of the visitor’s experience. The two relevant parameters for understanding tourist impressions are: “satisfaction” and “loyalty”. These are higher among foreign than resident visitors, particularly among Middle Eastern tourists, who favour this site above many others in Canton Sarajevo.

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Nature Protection Law complies with significant European directives and conventions intended to safeguard hab­itat and biodiversity. The objectives of the paper are to investigate Bosnia and Herzegovina’s legal framework for managing natural resources and to identify protected areas as the spots of sustainable tourism. Bosnia and Her­zegovina is home to a wide range of biodiversity due to its three distinct ge­ographical zones, the Mediterranean, Euro Siberian-Bore American, and Al­pine-Nordic Highlands. As a result, more protected areas are being estab­lished, with Sarajevo creating the first protected area that adheres to IUCN guidelines. Recently, new protected areas have been added to Bosnia and Herzegovina’s tourism supply to meet the rising demand for natural plac­es. Bosnia and Herzegovina is perceived as an ecotourism destination by the majority of its citizens, hence the trend toward protected areas is seen as favorable.

Background: Biochemistry is the science of the chemical composition of living things and of chemical changes in living things. Biochemical–laboratory diagnostics occupy a prominent place in medicine. Today's knowledge in the field of laboratory diagnostics enables reliable diagnostic verification of the physiological and pathological condition of the subject and monitoring of the patient's therapy. Objective: The aim of this article is to look at the economic and communication aspect of laboratory diagnostics in family medicine and present some statistically relevant data related to the already mentioned topic. Methods: Author used a few important sost analysis to assess every diagnostic and therapeutic procedure which should be analyzed from the aspect of its profitability, i.e. To determine their effectiveness and safety of application as stated in the Accreditation Standards for Health Centers. Results: A total of 5333 laboratory tests are represented in 1000 requests. The percentage representation of the most frequent individual laboratory tests in the requests of all teams of doctors involved in the health care system was in order; GUK (14%), BS (14%), urine (13.9%), SE (10.3%), total cholesterol (8.5%), triglycerides (8.4%), aminotransferases (6.7 %), creatinine (6.7%), urea (4.8%), bilirubin (0.9%), fibrinogen (0.9%), CRP (0.8%), AF (0.8%), HDL cholesterol (0.7%), calcium in serum (0.6%), phosphorus in serum (0.5%), acidum uricum (0.5%). Of the general practitioners, the largest number of patients referred to the biochemical and hematology laboratory were diagnosed with diabetes, followed by diseases of the urinary system and hypertension. The same is the case with family medicine doctors, while from specialist doctors, the largest number of patients are sent to the biochemical and hematology laboratory with diseases of the urinary tract, followed by diseases of the respiratory tract, endocrinological system and anemia. Conclusion: An economic analysis of the number of required laboratory tests by disease indicates a different number of points per required test and by disease. The highest costs are related to diabetes, followed by the costs of respiratory diseases, urinary diseases and finally hypertension.

Background: Alternative The topic of this article is the development of pharmacy in the Middle Ages. Objective: The aim of this paper is to bring readers closer to the development and importance of pharmacy and health activities in general of this century. Methods: This is sistematic review of the published papers about historical facts about development pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past. Results and Discusion: There are few documents that speak and testify about health and hygiene data and opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Middle Ages and the time of the independent Bosnian state, because very little was written and mostly knowledge was transmitted by narrative. Bosnia, as an independent state, was first mentioned in the Charter of Kulin Ban in the 12th century. The Charter was sent to the Republic of Dubrovnik and provided safe passage for merchants through Bosnia and tax exemption. The Republic of Dubrovnik also had many influences on the development of all social conditions, including medicine and pharmacy. Doctors and pharmacists were able to come to Bosnia unhindered and engage in treatment and the sale of medicines, without having to fear whether they would pay taxes to the state or be robbed. Conclusion: Until Bosnia came under Ottoman influence, treatment in Bosnia was rather primitive, the number of pharmacies and health facilities was minimal, and hygienic conditions were rather poor. Folk medicine and spells were mainly practiced, which were passed down from generation to generation, by narrative tradition. Only with the arrival of the Ottomans, hospitals and pharmacies began to open, and the health care system was better regulated.

Various plants have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years as natural medicines with therapeutic and other pharmacologic effects. Bioactive compounds found in plants, such as flavonoids, trace minerals, essential oils, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins, can affect microbial growth, reproduction, and essential cell functions. Plants of the Amaranthaceae family have a broad range of bioactive phytochemical constituents, which provide a variety of medicinal benefits. This review article discusses the characteristics of Amaranthaceae plants that may indicate their use as medicinal plants, especially against infectious diseases. According to the literature, Amaranthaceae plants contain considerable levels of bioactive compounds that make them effective in traditional medicine, even though their impact on numerous microbes has yet to be examined.