The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary and Male Genital Systems contains relevant revisions and introduces a group of molecularly defined renal tumour subtypes. Herein we present the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 perspectives on papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with emphasis on their evolving classification, differential diagnosis, and emerging entities. The WHO 2022 classification eliminated the type 1/2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) subcategorization, given the recognition of frequent mixed tumour phenotypes and the existence of entities with a different molecular background within the type 2 pRCC category. Additionally, emerging entities such as biphasic squamoid alveolar RCC, biphasic hyalinising psammomatous RCC, papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity, and Warthin‐like pRCC are included as part of the pRCC spectrum, while additional morphological and molecular data are being gathered. In addition to oncocytomas and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC), a category of ‘other oncocytic tumours’ with oncocytoma/chRCC‐like features has been introduced, including emerging entities, most with TSC/mTOR pathway alterations (eosinophilic vacuolated tumour and so‐called ‘low‐grade’ oncocytic tumour), deserving additional research. Eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC was accepted as a new and independent tumour entity. Finally, a highly reproducible and clinically relevant universal grading system for chRCC is still missing and is another niche of ongoing investigation. This review discusses these developments and highlights emerging morphological and molecular data relevant for the classification of renal cell carcinoma.

Many consumer studies have confirmed that in different international settings ethnocentric consumers mostly prefer domestic products. Consequently, consumer ethnocentrism has been considered as a prominent informal barrier for international trade. Even though an ethnocentrism as a personal trait has been a subject of international management studies, ethnocentrism was rarely observed within a context of managers’ or owners’ decisions that affect business orientations. The purpose of this study was to explore a link among consumer ethnocentrism and ethnocentric business orientations of graduate students as future managers and business owners. The main goal was to and derive implications relevant for consumer and organizational marketing in international environment. The main motivation behind the study was to explore potential extension of consumer ethnocentrism on managerial ethnocentric decision making, and consequently, on ethnocentric business orientation. Research was conducted on a convenience sample of 219 business economics graduates from the University of Rijeka, Croatia and from the University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling has been employed to explore a linkage among observed concepts. Empirical results indicated a differences among sub-samples from two countries in level of consumer ethnocentrism and its impacts on preferences towards domestic products. However, significant positive relation has been found between consumer ethnocentrism and ethnocentric business orientation in case of both observed groups. Consumer ethnocentrism has been confirmed as predictor of ethnocentric tendencies towards domestic products as well as predictor of ethnocentric business orientations of youth as a future managers and business owners. Research results confirmed that consumer ethnocentrism can be extended from consumer preferences and orientation towards domestic products to managers’ ethnocentric decision making, providing ethnocentric business orientation.

The paper investigates the empirical verification of the efficacy of investment diversification using the main stock exchange indices in the Eurozone countries and Bitcoin. The paper also investigates whether and to what extent it is desirable for institutional investors, in addition to traditional financial instruments, to invest in Bitcoin. The aim of the research is to examine whether it is justified and to what extent to include Bitcoin in the portfolio of an institutional investor. Through this research, an attempt is made to find an answer to the research question: “What share of Bitcoin in the portfolio structure is justified, taking into account the ratio of return and risk”? The analysis includes data on the daily movement of selected action indices as well as the movement of Bitcoin. The methodology involves the analysis of high-frequency data, given that daily trading data were used. The results show that it is justified to include Bitcoin in the portfolio structure. Also, the results show which share of Bitcoin in the portfolio is justified from the aspect of institutional investors. The data used in the analysis cover the period from 2019 and 2020. Two portfolios have been created, one without Bitcoin and the other with Bitcoin. The goal in optimization for both portfolios is to minimize risk. The observed period of the analysis is characterized by the crisis caused by the coronary virus pandemic and the period of active bitcoin trading. The results of the research show that Bitcoin is a good source of diversification in a portfolio that contains traditional financial instruments, both for an investor who is not prone to risk, and for those investors who have a greater appetite for risk. The conclusion is that the rational behavior of institutional investors requires consideration of investing in Bitcoin using the Markowitz model. However, given the high degree of volatility, investors should be careful when making decisions about including Bitcoin in their investment portfolio. Bitcoin is an extremely volatile instrument. Given that it is a speculative and highly volatile financial instrument, investors have different views on Bitcoin. First in terms of defining this cryptocurrency and then in terms of including this instrument in the investment portfolio. By including Bitcoin in the investment portfolio, the goal of diversification has been achieved. This is to reduce the risk of the institutional investor to a minimum. In practice, this means that it is possible to create a portfolio that carries an acceptable level of risk with the desired level of return. Given that Bitcoin is an extremely volatile and consequently - risky instrument, the expected return is also - high. The results of the research show that the cryptocurrency Bitcoin can serve as a desirable instrument for diversification of the investment portfolio when looking at a portfolio that includes stock indices. The results suggest that it is desirable to include in the structure of the portfolio a certain share of Bitcoin, about 6%.

The play in numerous philosophical, literary-theoretical, and artistic texts is recognized as a constituent part of life and as one of the vital determinations of a human being. This Paper perceives the play as a fundamental principle that permeates all levels of the texts in the selected examples in the literature for children and youth of Ljubica Ostojić. We will show how Ljubica Ostojić takes the play and artistic creation as a thematic-conceptual base of her texts, focusing on structural, semantic, and language aspects of its presence in the text. The analyzed texts of Ljubica Ostojić are a helpful example of the accomplished correlation of the reality between the child and the world with elements of a fantastic discourse. In the parallel existence of realistic and fantastic, deconstructing the traditional children's literature, the author writes various types of texts for children and youth, which share the seeming disharmony and complexity of the structure.

This paper aims to describe lexicographic strategies for treating loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and Turkish in a productive bilingual Bosnian-German dictionary. In terms of number, stylistic and cultural features, those words significantly characterize the Bosnian language. In lexicography, they have the status of cultural-bound words with a high degree of anisomorphism. We will look into their description in existing monolingual and bilingual dictionaries as well as into their equivalents in literary translations to propose more suitable equivalents. In this paper, we focus in particular on lexicographic treatment strategies of partial and zero equivalence, taking into account the deep cultural embeddedness of Arabic, Turkish and Persian loanwords in the Bosnian language. It will be shown that specific concepts such as “tekija”, for which the German language has no word, and the existing bilingual dictionary provides an equivalent „Muslim monastery“ (Jakić & Hurm 1992: 1053), can be treated by combined strategies to obtain more suitable equivalents, such as the incorporation of the source item into the target language with an additional explanation as well as an explanatory equivalent.

Creative self-concept is a construct that refers to the self-assessment of one's creativity, and it consists of two dimensions, creative identity, and creative self-efficiency. Creative identity determines how important creative potential is to a person, and creative self-efficacy represents faith in personal creative abilities. Since the Short Scale of Creative Self-Concept (SSCS) was not validated on a sample of respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina, this study aims to validate and verify the metric characteristics of the scale. The sample consisted of 238 students from different faculties from BiH, aged 19 to 46 (M = 22.21; SD = 3.27). Using a two-way procedure from English, 11 items that make up the SSCS scale were translated: 5 items examine creative identity, and 6 creative self-efficacy. The SSCS scale as a whole has good reliability (α = .904) as well as representativeness (KMO = .908). At the subscale level, these values are also satisfactory: for creative identity (α = .902; KMO = .871), and for creative self-efficacy (α = .823; KMO = .776). Convergent and criterion validity was confirmed by a high correlation between the total score on the SSCS scale and scores on the personality dimension Openness to Experience (r = .680) and scores on the Creativity Self-Assessment Questionnaire (r = .768). Exploratory factor analysis, with Promax rotation, retained two factors that together explain 68.03% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis tested three models: Model 1 - the original version of the scale with one dimension; Model 2 - the original version of the scale with two dimensions; Model 3 - the abbreviated version of the scale with two dimensions. As Model 3 (in which problematic items were omitted) was the only one with adequate matching parameters (χ2/df =3.357; CFI = .964; TLI = .948; RMSEA = .103), the metric characteristics of the shortened version of the scale were rechecked and showed that everything is satisfactory, except discrimination. The conclusion is that an abbreviated version of the scale can be applied, but also that it would be useful to conduct a new validation study in which all items from the scale would be retained, with linguistic modification of claims that were problematic in this study.

Conflicts increasingly waged at the request of one's ego are taking on socially significant proportions. The real manifestation of ethics pays attribute to wisdom. Pedagogical activities complemented by wisdom help students use knowledge to promote the idea of the common good. Therefore, we believe that the development of wisdom should become a vital goal of upbringing and education. In the research, we tried to determine whether the components of clever thinking are integrated into the curricular content of subjects. The analysis showed that reflective, dialogical, and dialectical thinking, as components of wise thinking, are not significantly involved in the curriculum for high school. The paper aims to understand the phenomenon of wisdom, contribute to the enrichment of literature, and also provide a theoretical framework that will apply to future research. It pointed out the need to change the dominant paradigm in the teaching process and offered indications of the education of wisdom through three forms of teaching; teaching about wisdom, teaching for wisdom and teaching with wisdom.

During ethnographic research into newly established suburbs around Sarajevo, which are mainly inhabited by Srebrenica’s population who survived the persecution and genocide of 1995, I had the task of recording certain lifestyle changes of these refugees. This paper analyses the oral literary lyrical heritage of the Srebrenica region, ie. oral songs which were remembered mostly by women. Since I was myself one of those populations I relied on my personal experience that expanded my insight into more detailed knowledge, as well as the various circumstances that shaped the way of life of my respondents. On the other hand, the research aimed, among other things, to examine the role of Srebrenica women in the memory of the intangible cultural heritage of their region in recent times. First, I considered women’s self-organizing as a response to the genocide and the consequent absence of male family members and community leaders. Then I draw upon my research to consider the impact of these activities on collective attitudes toward the memory of the Srebrenicas' former spiritual life examining the presence of traditional and oral patterns in everyday life. The paper relies on interpretative and analytical methods of the science of literature.

Questions about cognitive aging are inherent questions about why individuals of different ages or from different subpopulations differ from each other and how these differences change over time. One of the main goals of cognitive gerontology is to describe how cognitive abilities change over time and to link these changes with brain aging. When we talk about the cognitive deterioration in the elderly, we have to consider great individual differences in cognitive functioning, that are greater than in the earlier period of life. In neurophysiology, significant progress has been made in mapping the brain areas responsible for changes in cognitive functioning; whether biological weakening will manifest in our behavior is greatly determined by life experiences and habits. Emotional stability, openness to experience, higher level of education, higher socioeconomic status, enjoyment in intellectual activities through the lifespan, and better physical and mental health are positively correlated with preserved cognitive abilities among older adults.

Correspondence as a source for the study of literary, cultural, and political circumstances and events in Bosnia has not received an appropriate place in the humanities and social sciences because the letters are treated exclusively in the field of privacy. However, letters are sometimes a first-class source for presenting an image of a particular period or event, especially if it is interesting to determine how a particular person or group understands events or processes in society and culture. Studying the letters would open a different perspective on some events since it is often about an "informal" form of communication. In the framework of Bosnian studies, the so-called "letters from the border/krajišnička pisma" (Muhamed Nezirović and Lejla Nakaš) have been the most comprehensively studied, with slightly fewer letters in oriental languages (Sabaheta Gačanin), while letters from the 20th century (Hamid Dizdar, Munir Šahinović, Alija Nametak, for example), unfortunately, did not receive proper valorization. In this paper, the correspondence of Alija Nametak between the two world wars will be presented. Considering the dispersed thematic content of the letters, they are grouped into several thematic units. Letters about Safvet-beg Bašagić, letters about political censorship of articles and literary and artistic works, and correspondence with Slavists throughout Europe especially stand out. The letters were linked to other texts (co-text) that were in the broadest sense related to the topics of the letters. We tried to present as much as possible the events to which the letters referred. We also pay attention to the need to renew the study of Bosnian archival and documentary material, especially in the study of the history of literature.

The rule of law is, along with democracy, one of the main concepts of the 21st century, while Islam is, along with Christianity, the most populous religion. On the other hand, Muslim states face the problem of accepting the rule of law as a concept that originated in the West. The paper discusses the compatibility of the rule of law and Islam as well as the reason why the rule of law is not developed in Muslim countries. The authors investigate whether the underdevelopment of the rule of law in Muslim countries is inherently related to Islam or to the socio-economic circumstances that led to it. The authors of the paper put forward the thesis that the cause of the underdevelopment of the rule of law in Muslim countries is primarily caused by socio-economic circumstances, and not because of the very concept of Islam as a religion.

The fundamental features of Abdolkarim Soroush’s philosophy of religion is an issue that is at the very heart of the article. Although he is one of the most important contemporary Muslim thinkers who has offered a significant contribution in the field of political philosophy, philosophy of science, sociology of knowledge, and mysticism, our focus remains on Soroush's philosophical interpretation of religion. The theory of the expansion of religious knowledge, which represents a real epistemological turn, as well as the theory of the expansion of prophetic experience, are the cornerstone of his philosophy of religion, which appears as the very key to his reformist discourse. With Fazlur Rahman (1919-1988), Isma’il Faruqi (1921-1986), Mohammad Arqouna (1928-2010), Hassan Hanafi (1935-2021), Nasr Abu Zayd (1943-2010), and Muhammad ‘Abid Jabiri (1935-2010), Abdolkarim Soroush appears as one of the most prominent contemporary Muslim neo-rationalists.

Characteristics of the vibrations of rotational systems with misalignment and rotating looseness are well known and they are used for fault detection in the rotating machinery. For the better understanding and easier decision make in the fault removing process it is necessary to know how severe each fault is. Lack of procedures for quantification of this faults in rotational machinery is evident. In this paper is investigated the possibility for use of multiple regression analysis for determination of quantity of faults in vibration velocity signal. An experimental motor – coupling – rotor system is created and produced. These systems have capability of changing the values of misalignment and rotational looseness. Measurement of vibrational quantities were conducted on these systems by using piezoelectrical accelerometers for different combinations of fault values. All measurements were stored and processed digitally. All measurements have shown the presence of the main characteristics of introduced faults. It is confirmed that it is not possible to use RMS (root mean square) of vibration velocity, since there is a lot of other factors which has significant impact on the vibration quantity.