BACKGROUND Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) diagnosis is based on measurement of the cerebellar tonsils on cranial or cervical spine MRI. However. imaging parameters of cranial and cervical spine MRIs could differ because spine MRIs have greater resolution. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 161 patients of a single neurosurgeon for Adult CM-I consultation between February 2006 and March 2019. Patients were selected based on receiving both cranial and cervical spine MRIs within a month of each other to determine tonsillar ectopia length for CM-1. Ectopias were measured to determine if differences in values were statistically significant. RESULTS From the 161 total patients, 81 had cranial and cervical spine MRIs for a total of 162 tonsil ectopia measurements (81 cranial and 81 spinal). Average ectopia length on a cranial MRI was 9.1 mm (±5.2 mm); average ectopia length on a spinal MRI was 8.9 mm (±5.3 mm). Average cranial and spinal MRI values were found to be less than 1 standard deviation apart. Two-tailed, non-equal variances t-test determined that differences between the cranial and spinal ectopia measurements were insignificant (P = 0.2403). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that the added resolution offered by spine MRIs did not make better or more refined measurements over cranial MRIs that could lead to measurement differences, which can instead be attributed to chance. Cranial and cervical spine MRIs can be used to determine the degree of the tonsil ectopia.

This study aims to test the inhibition potency of new thienobenzo/naphtho-triazoles toward cholinesterases, evaluate their inhibition selectivity, and interpret the obtained results by molecular modeling. The synthesis of 19 new thienobenzo/naphtho-triazoles by two different approaches resulted in a large group of molecules with different functionalities in the structure. As predicted, most prepared molecules show better inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), considering that the new molecules were designed according to the previous results. Interestingly, the binding affinity of BChE for even seven new compounds (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 13) was similar to that reported for common cholinesterase inhibitors. According to computational study, the active thienobenzo- and naphtho-triazoles are accommodated by cholinesterases through H-bonds involving one of the triazole’s nitrogens, π-π stacking between the aromatic moieties of the ligand and aromatic residues of the active sites of cholinesterases, as well as π-alkyl interactions. For the future design of cholinesterase inhibitors and search for therapeutics for neurological disorders, compounds with a thienobenzo/naphtho-triazole skeleton should be considered.

The aim of this study was to investigate sensory properties of industrial and homemade mayonnaise. Results showed that homamade mayonnaise contained higher level of oil, NaCl and egg yolk. Industrial mayonnaise had slightly higher scores for all sensory properties and overall acceptability. Mayonnaise samples have scores between 5.21 and 8.57 with no samples rated as unacceptable. Homemade mayonnaise vs. industrial samples had following average values: fat 71.08% vs. 67.20%, egg yolk 18.28 vs. 4.74% and NaCl 2.17% vs. 1.17%, overall acceptability scores 6.90 vs. 7.31. The best sensory properties have Thomy classic mayonnaise and homemade sample with 250 mLof oil, 2 egg yolks and lemon juice.

Food-grade siloxanes are inert and therefore do not emit dangerous substances. Due to these properties, it is completely harmless, unlike technical silicone. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the assumed mechanism of the crosslinking reaction of siloxane. The addition of highly active silicon (IV) oxide leads to an increase in hardness and tensile strength and affects the final properties of the cross-linked materials. The analysis of the thermal properties of the synthesized siloxane materials and their nanocomposites with the addition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles of silicon (IV) oxide was performed using a DSC device, which showed that the increase in the proportion of nanofillers significantly affects the values of the melting temperatures of silicone elastomer materials.

Introduction One potential benefit of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is pre‐interventional reperfusion. Currently, there is a paucity of data regarding the occurrence of pre‐interventional reperfusion in patients randomized to IVT or no‐IVT before MT. Methods SWIFT DIRECT was a randomized controlled trial including acute ischemic stroke IVT‐eligible patients being directly admitted to a comprehensive stroke center, with allocation to either MT alone or IVT + MT. Primary endpoint of this analysis was the occurrence of pre‐interventional reperfusion defined as pre‐interventional expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥ 2a. The effect of IVT and potential treatment effect heterogeneity were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results Out of the 396 patients analyzed, pre‐interventional reperfusion occurred in 20 (10.0%) of patients randomized to IVT+MT, and 7 (3.6%) of patients randomized to MT alone. Receiving IVT favored the occurrence of pre‐interventional reperfusion (aOR 2.91 [95% CI 1.23 – 6.87]). There was no IVT treatment effect heterogeneity on the occurrence of pre‐interventional reperfusion with different strata of Randomization‐to‐Groin‐Puncture (p for interaction = 0.33), although the effect tended to be stronger in patients with Randomization‐to‐Groin‐Puncture >28 minutes (aOR 4.65 [95% CI 1.16 – 18.68]). There were no significant difference in rates of functional outcomes between patients with and without pre‐interventional reperfusion. Conclusions Even for patients with proximal large vessel occlusions and direct access to MT, IVT leads towards an absolute increase of 6.9% (95% CI 1.7‐12.2%) in the rates of pre‐interventional reperfusion. The effect of IVT tended to be more pronounced when Randomization‐to‐Groin‐Puncture intervals were longer, but this heterogeneity did not reach statistical significance.

ABSTRACT Prior research has mainly focused on why individuals are engaging in sexting. However, little is known about sexting in intimate relationships, particularly sexting coercion. This study examined sexting coercion using social learning theory in a sample of young adults who had experience with a romantic relationship (N = 315, aged 14–28 years, 67.94% female). Individuals completed the sexting coercion scale and the social learning scale online. The results showed that over 33% of the respondents reported being victims of sexting coercion in an intimate relationship, while about 28% of them had perpetrated sexting coercion. The results suggest that sexting coercion in an intimate relationship is significantly predicted by differential association, differential reinforcement, and imitation. The findings of this study highlight the importance of exposing youth to evidence-based preventive educational interventions on sexting from the earliest age, based on the constructs of social learning theory. Practice Impact Statement The findings of this study of sexting coercion among young adults are relevant to educational programmes given recent evidence of the prevalence of sexting coercion victimisation and sexting coercion perpetration among youth in romantic relationships. The findings suggest that those who engage in sexting coercion use a social learning mechanism that should be considered when developing educational interventions to prevent sexting coercion.

The microbiological aspects of traditional Travnik/Vlašić cheese was investigated. The cheese was made traditionally, from raw sheep milk at three small farms (A, B, C) on Mountain Vlašić. The microbiological quality of the cheese was examined during three stages of ripening (5, 30, 60 days) and followed during three seasons (3 years). Twenty-seven samples of cheese were collected and analyzed for the aerobic mesophilic count, yeasts and molds, coliforms and microorganisms from the group Staphylococcus spp. Average values determined for the number of investigated groups of microorganisms of all cheese samples throughout three different stages, seasons, and small farms were: aerobic mesophilic bacteria 8.03 log10 cfu·g-1, yeasts and molds 3.63 log10 cfu·g-1, coliforms 5.16 log10 cfu g-1, and microorganisms from the group Staphylococcus spp. 4.49 log10 cfu g-1. ANOVA showed that experimental factor ripening stage (days) had a significant effect on all testing parameters. Results obtained with this study indicate that hygiene during the production of traditional products must be increased in order to assure high quality of the final products.

Crna topola (Populus nigra L.) je jedna od najznačajnijih europskih vrsta drveća koja nastanjuje aluvijalna staništa uz obale velikih rijeka. Danas je jedna od najugroženijih vrsta šumskog drveća zbog devastacije staništa, regulacije riječnih tokova, i pretjerane ekspolatacije, kao i unošenja alohtonih vrsta drveća s kojima je hibridizirala. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi varijabilnost morfoloških svojstava listova crne topole unutar i između klonova autohtonih populacija i hibrida, te između riječnih slivova u Bosni i Hercegovini, kako bi se učinkovitije pristupilo zaštiti i oplemenjivanju ove vrste.Istraživan je materijal iz klonskog arhiva crnih topola. Arhiv je osnovan 2005. godine u Žepču, od klonova sa 161 stabla autohtonih crnih topola iz 26 populacija širom Bosne i Hercegovine (iz slivova 6 rijeka) te 15 hibridnih vrsta topola. Mjereno je po 5 listova od svakoga klona, a uziman je peti list od vrha glavnog izbojka. Mjerenje je vršeno digitalnim pomičnim mjerilom sa preciznošću od 0.1mm i kutomjerom. Mjereni su: dužina plojke, širina plojke, dužina peteljke, ukupna dužina lista, ugao insercije prvog bočnog nerva i centralnog nerva, udaljenost između najšireg dijela lista i baze lista, broj zubaca u dužini od 1cm iznad najšireg dijela lista. Podaci su obrađeni korištenjem SPSS 26.0 i EXCEL-a, i to prema populacijama i prema slivovima rijeka.Analizom varijance utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih populacija, kao i između slivova rijeka, za sva istraživana svojstva. Najveću varijabilnost pokazalo je svojstvo dužine peteljke, a najmanju kut insercije prvog bočnog i centralnog nerva. Populacija dlakavih crnih topola Čapljina ima najmanje dimenzije listova i značajno odstupa u svim mjerenim svojstvima od ostalih. Najčešći broj zubaca na 1cm lisnog ruba je 4 zupca koji se pojavljuje na 38,3% listova. Ovo istraživanje daje mali uvid u morfološke karakteristike crnih topola u klonskom arhivu Žepče, te može predstavljati osnovu za daljnja istraživanja u cilju potpunijeg razumijevanja svojstava crnih topola potrebnih za uspješan nastavak rada na oplemenjivanju ove vrste.

Data-driven state estimation (SE) is becoming increasingly important in modern power systems, as it allows for more efficient analysis of system behaviour using real-time measurement data. This paper thoroughly evaluates a phasor measurement unit-only state estimator based on graph neural networks (GNNs) applied over factor graphs. To assess the sample efficiency of the GNN model, we perform multiple training experiments on various training set sizes. Additionally, to evaluate the scalability of the GNN model, we conduct experiments on power systems of various sizes. Our results show that the GNN-based state estimator exhibits high accuracy and efficient use of data. Additionally, it demonstrated scalability in terms of both memory usage and inference time, making it a promising solution for data-driven SE in modern power systems.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB), also known as Sanfilippo syndrome type B, is a metabolic disease caused by mutations in both alleles of the NAGLU gene encoding for the enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase. A malfunction of this enzyme causes  inability to degrade heparan sulfate, which leads to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the cells. MPS IIIB is associated with different symptoms such as neurodegeneration, extreme hyperactivity, sleeping problems, aggressive behavior, reduced fear, and cognitive  deterioration. The condition is by now not curable. Here we describe a patient with MPS IIIB diagnosed at the age of 5 presenting with communication problems, motor dysfunctions, and speech and sleeping problems.Standard biochemical tests for neurodegenerative disorders and DNA analyses including NAGLU mutation screening were performed. We also did some psychological tests assessing the patient's communication skills and behavior. The patient was heterozygote for two mutations in the gene NAGLU (Y140C and Ser169fs). Thus, he suffered from MPS IIIB due to two mutations in the disease-causing gene.The patient presented with clear signs and symptoms of MPS IIIB with at least one of the two mutations affecting the α-N-acetylglucosaminidase protein function severely. Here we report the combination of a well-known and previously unreported mutation in the NAGLU gene; this could be dependent on geographical origin of the patient, which needs to be clarified by molecular studies of more MPS IIIB patients from Southeast Europe.

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is an important pathogen in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants. We sequenced M. ovipneumoniae strains 150 and 274 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strain 150 has a circular genome of 1,053,380 bp with 29.15% GC content while strain 274 has 1,081,404 bp with 28.82% GC content. ABSTRACT Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is an important pathogen in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants. We sequenced M. ovipneumoniae strains 150 and 274 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strain 150 has a circular genome of 1,053,380 bp with 29.15% GC content while strain 274 has 1,081,404 bp with 28.82% GC content.