Introduction: Sensory integration is the way in which the nervous system processes information from the senses. Irregularities or disturbances in brain function that make it difficult to integrate sensory input from stimuli lead to sensory disintegration. The proprioceptive sensory system provides information about joint and body movements, extent, strength, duration and direction of movement, position of the body or body parts in space, and muscle tone. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of sensory integration disorders of the proprioceptive sensory system in children with intellectual disabilities and children without developmental disabilities and to determine whether the existing difference is statistically significant. Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 60 respondents. The first subsample of respondents (n = 30) consisted of children with intellectual disabilities. The second subsample of respondents (n = 30) consisted of children without developmental disabilities of the same chronological age. The measuring instrument “Questionnaire for examining proprioceptive sensory sensitivity” was used. Data were collected by observing the respondents and interviewing the rehabilitator and the child’s parents. The frequencies and percentages of the respondents’ answers for all variables were calculated. To determine the statistical significance of differences, the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon W test were used at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results show that 81.4% of children with intellectual disabilities have difficulties with sensory integration of the sensations of the proprioceptive sensory system, manifested as hypersensitivity (37.6%), hyposensitivity (19.5%), and mixed sensory response (24.3%). Sensory integration difficulties are also experienced by 75.7% of children without developmental disabilities, manifested by hypersensitivity (17.62%), hyposensitivity (27.6%), and mixed sensory reactions (30.5%). There is a statistically significant difference in the variables: high-risk games, fine motor tasks, and activities requiring physical strength. For the other variables, the difference in sensory integration is not statistically significant. Conclusion: 81.4% of children with intellectual disabilities and 75.7% of children without developmental disabilities have difficulties in sensory integration of the proprioceptive sensory system. Children with intellectual disabilities show better integration of proprioceptive sensory input in activities requiring physical strength and in activities with eyes closed or covered. In all other activities, they show poorer sensory integration of proprioceptive sensations than children without developmental disabilities.

Dried apples improve your health owing to their mineral contents. The main function of packaging dried apples is to protect the packaged product from external factors that may affect the contents' physicochemical, mechanical, and sensory changes during the storage period. The study investigates the sensory characteristics and content of hydroxymethyl-furfural and polyphenols in dried apples and health-related considerations. To gratify that aim, the mixed apple sample was calibrated (precise sorting according to the size and color of the apples), selected, washed, and cut into slices. The product is sulfurized with SO2, the procedure takes several hours, and it is immediately introduced into the dryer. The mass is dried in a dryer "Iverak" (Valjevo, Serbia) with warm air at a temperature of max 65 ° C for 15-18 hours. Packaging materials used in the study are: 1. Monomaterial, polyethylene (PE), thickness 95μ m (PE (95) μ m); 2. Combined packaging material, oriented polypropylene metallized (OPP), thickness 20 μ m (OPPmet (20) μ m); 3.Combined packaging material, oriented polypropylene (OPP) / polyethylene (PE) thickness 20 / 50μ m (OPP / PE (20/50) μ m); 4.Combined packaging material, oriented polypropylene metallized (OPPmet) / polyethylene (PE) thickness 20 / 50μ m (OPPmet / PE (20/50) μ m); 5.Combined packaging materials, polyester (PET) / oriented polypropylene metallized (OPP) met / polyethylene thickness 12/38/30 (PET/OPPmet/PE(12/38/30) μ m). The study presents the results of testing in changes of content of hydroxymethyl-furfural (HMF), polyphenols and sensory properties, dried apples packed in different combinations of packaging materials, including PE (95) μ m, OPP met (20) μ m, OPP / PE (20/50) μ m, OPP met / PE (20/50) μ m, PET / OPP met / PE (12/38/30 μ m), considering health issues. The article's findings can make a notable contribution to the knowledge of the thermal kinetics of antioxidant impacts and phenolic content over the production of apple chips.

Sensory integration is the organization of the senses for their use. It is a neuro-biological activity that allows the reception and processing of sensory information, which in large quantities from the senses come to the brain, at all times. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of sensory integration difficulties of the tactile sensory system of children with developmental disabilities, and to establish the statistical significance of differences in relation to the type of difficulty. The total sample of respondents (N=60) consisted of four subsamples of 15 respondents, namely; children with autism, children with Down syndrome, children with hearing impairment and children with sight impairment. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon W test at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05 were used to test the statistical significance of the differences between the subsamples of the subjects. The results of the study show that 86.67% of children with autism, 66.67% of children with Down syndrome, 20% of children with hearing impairment and 40% of children with sight impairment have difficulties with sensory integration of the tactile system. Children with hearing impairment (Rank M 43.97), children with sight impairment (Rank M 35.03), children with Down syndrome, and children with autism (Rank M 14.93) show the least difficulty in sensory integration of the tactile sensory system. There is a statistically significant difference in the difficulties of sensory integration of the tactile sensory system between children with autism, children with Down syndrome, children with hearing impairment and children with sight impairment at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05.

Sensory integration represents the organization of the senses for their use. It is a neuro-biological activity that allows the reception and processing of sensory information, which in arrive from the senses in huge quantities into the brain, at any time. The ability of the brain to successfully process tactile information allows the child to feel safe and develop a connection with those around it. An autistic child is not able to register many stimuli from their environment, so insufficient or poor sensory processing can contribute to the image of autism. Children with autism spectrum difficulties have specific difficulties in touch perception. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of sensory integration difficulties of the tactile sensory system of children with autism spectrum disorders, and to establish the statistical significance of differences in relation to children without developmental difficulties. The total sample of subjects (N=30) consisted of two subsamples. The first subsample of subjects (N=15) consisted of children with difficulties from the autism spectrum, and the second subsample of subjects (N=15) consisted of children without developmental difficulties. The measurement instrument was the „Questionnaire for testing tactile sensory sensitivity“ with 11 variables and the offered answers of possible sensory response was applied. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon W test at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05 were used to examine the statistical significance of the differences between the subsamples of the subjects. The results of the study showed that 86.67 % of children with autism have difficulties in sensory integration of the tactile sensory system. The hypersensitive type of sensory response has 26.67 %, and the hyposensitive sensory response 20 % of children with autism. 40.00 % of children with autism have a mixed type of tactile sensory. There is a statistically significant difference between children with autism and children without developmental difficulties on 4 variables.