The comet assay is widely used in human biomonitoring studies of environmental and occupational exposures. However, it is clear from multiple studies that various types of confounding factors might affect the direct relationship between exposure and DNA damage in the comet assay. In addition to common confounders such as age, sex, and smoking, other factors considered to be important determinants for background levels of DNA damage in the comet assay include exhaustive physical exercise, chronic diseases, medical treatment, and diet. These are typically controlled in biomonitoring studies by restriction or matching of subjects. Period effects (or seasonal variation) have been observed in a relatively large number of studies. There are various putative factors, which may cause period effects, including temporal variation in solar radiation, temperature, and air pollution. The present review describes the effects of these confounding factors in measurements of DNA strand breaks by the comet assay. In general, the literature does not indicate that any confounding factor is consistently associated with an increased level of DNA damage, measured by the comet assay. In this respect, it is important to balance the need to control for confounding with the risk of introducing in the statistical analysis a variable, which is influenced by exposure and outcome (i.e. collider bias). In addition, it is important that investigators describe procedures for controlling the effect of confounding factors in the selection of subjects and statistical analysis. Care should be taken in study design and statistical analysis to avoid unwanted effects of confounding factors.

This paper describes testing the solid particle erosion resistance of the composite based on A 356.0 aluminium alloy with the addition of 6 % fly ash (FA) as reinforcement. The composite samples were tested in the as-cast state and after being subjected to the multiple passes of the equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The cast composite was obtained by compo-casting. This method implies the mixing of reinforcement into the semi-solid matrix. Extrusion was performed in 3 passes, with rotation around the longitudinal axis by 90° after each pass (route BC). Solid particle erosion resistance was determined based on volume loss ΔV. During the erosion test, the silicon carbide (SiC) particles were used as erodent. The impact angle of the particles was varied (30° and 90°). The results show that after each pass, the microstructure of the composite was improved and wear by solid particles was reduced.

<p><i>This paper aimed to examine whether the level of knowledge of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants</i><i> </i><i>influences the readiness of accountants to act in accordance with its guidelines, even under pressure that can adversely affect their professional status. The survey was conducted among medium and large companies in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) in 2023, with a sample of 71 respondents. The results have shown a positive connection between the level of knowledge of the Code and the willingness to take ethical action, including situations with potentially negative consequences, such as paying salaries or losing jobs, for respondents. Additionally, professional accountants who are more familiar with the Code are more likely to report the unethical behavior of management, either to relevant institutions or to the public. However, in the FBiH business practice so far, such treatment is a rarity, which indicates a gap between theoretical knowledge and actual behaviour.</i></p>

<p>This study investigates the forming of the inside radius in thin sheet&nbsp; bending using nonlinear simulations in SolidWorks. Various V-die sizes were analyzed to evaluate their influence on the bending process. Simulation results were compared with actual bent components and existing data from literature to assess accuracy and reliability. The findings demonstrate a strong correlation between simulated and realworld results, confirming the validity of SolidWorks' nonlinear simulation&nbsp;<br />capabilities in predicting material behavior during air bending. These insights contribute to improved die selection and process optimization, ensuring enhanced bending accuracy for manufacturing applications</p>

Introduction: The main purpose of root canal filling materials is to provide an apical sealing that prevents the movement of bacteria and the diffusion of their metabolic products from the root canal system to periapical tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate’s (MTA), epoxy resin, and zinc oxide eugenol- based sealer with single cone obturation techniques using the dye extraction leakage method. Methods: Seventy-five extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the Mtwo rotary file system to file 25/6. The teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 15); Group 1 obturated with AH plus, Group 2 obturated with MTA BIOSEAL, Group 3 obturated with Endoseal, Group 4 positive control (POS CTRL) root canals are processed but not obturated, and negative control- apex of teeth completely covered with nail varnish, canals are not treated or obturated. In the first three groups, the single cone obturation technique with gutta-percha 25/6 was used. Apical microleakage was assessed with the dye extraction method, where the absorbance of 2% methylene blue was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: The mean dye concentration values were MTA 22.79, AH plus 31.16, Endoseal 36.67, POS CTRL 280.15, negative control 9.01. Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons indicated a significant difference in apical microleakage between the investigated groups (F = 3448, p < 0.001). The MTA BIOSEAL showed significantly less apical microleakage than the AH plus and Endoseal. The AH plus showed less apical microleakage than the Endoseal, although there was no significant difference between these two sealers. Conclusion: With the limitation of the study, it was concluded that MTA sealers show statistically less apical leakage than AH Plus and Endoseal.

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects breathing and quality of life, and rehabilitation is crucial for reducing symptoms and improving overall health. While pharmacological treatments manage symptoms, physiotherapy and kinesitherapy are recognized as effective methods of rehabilitation. This review discusses current therapeutic approaches for allergic asthma, including aerobic exercises, breathing techniques, and postural exercises. This article reviews contemporary research on kinesitherapy and rehabilitation methods in the treatment of allergic asthma. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, we assessed the quality of 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Findings indicate that kinesitherapy improves lung function, reduces the frequency of asthma attacks, and enhances patient quality of life. Of the studies assessed, 12 showed a low risk of bias, bolstering the reliability of our conclusions. Nonetheless, methodological limitations in several studies highlight the need for rigorous research designs in future investigations of the effects of physical exercise on asthma rehabilitation. This review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests integrating kinesitherapy into standard asthma treatment protocols. Asthma often leads to decreased physical activity due to symptoms such as shortness of breath; however, guided kinesitherapy in rehabilitation can reduce attack frequency, improve lung function, and lower medication needs. The study highlights the need for more research on optimal rehabilitation protocols for allergic asthma.

The rise in the consumption of multimedia content has resulted in the demand to provide an exceptional user experience. However, modelling user-perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) presents a complex challenge. This fuels ongoing efforts to understand and measure QoE. To assess it, researchers rely on both subjective quality assessment (where users view and rate videos) and objective quality assessment (where quality metrics are designed to calculate perceived video quality). Although subjective evaluation is essential for mapping user experience to objective metrics, many studies omit the analysis of the impact of content preferences on user experience. This oversight limits our understanding of how video content influences QoE perception.To address this limitation, we created a multi-content video dataset with impairments based on realistic network conditions. Furthermore, we conducted a subjective study in a controlled environment evaluating the impact of user content category preferences and user video preference on QoE. One of our initial findings is that the actual video denoted as uninteresting by users had the most negative impact on the overall user QoE, but had no impact on user perception of other video degradations.

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare heart defect present at birth. In this condition, the left coronary artery, which normally comes from the aorta, instead starts from the pulmonary artery. This abnormal connection can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, causing damage like heart attacks and increasing the risk of serious heart rhythm problems or sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Diagnosis is made through imaging studies, and treatment often involves surgical correction to restore normal coronary circulation. The prognosis of ALCAPA largely depends on the age at which it is diagnosed and the timing of treatment. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes. This case report presents a 11-year-old girl, who is an athlete, with late presentation of ALCAPA syndrome in the form of ventricular fibrillation leading to SCA. She had no previous symptoms, the electrocardiogram showed no abnormalities except for left axis deviation and the several echocardiograms showed no enlargement of the left ventricle, with possible big right coronary artery. ALCAPA has been confirmed by computed tomography coronary angiographyscan. Child was surgically treated by coronary artery transfer for ALCAPA with satisfactory outcome. The implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is still under consideration.

<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper analyzes the influence of basic turning parameters on&nbsp; vibrations and surface quality of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Due to specific mechanical properties, titanium processing often causes resonance, instability and increased roughness. The experiment was performed on a universal lathe, with varying cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, in order to&nbsp;<br />test different machining regimes. Vibration and roughness measurements confirmed that the best results are achieved by avoiding operating modes that cause resonance, thus reducing vibrations and improving surface quality. The obtained findings show that for a stable and precise machining process it is important to carefully select parameters and monitor vibrations in real time. In this way, the service life of the tool can be extended and a better quality of the finished product&nbsp;<br />can be achieved.</p>

<p>This paper focuses on the optimization of process parameters in band&nbsp; sawing of thick-walled cylindrical components made of G-X55CrNiSiS19-13-2 steel. The applied methodology is based on the integrated MOORATaguchi approach, utilizing the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array with three controlled factors: cutting speed, feed rate, and tool engagement length.&nbsp;<br />Measurable process parameters, particularly torque and power on the saw drive motor, were continuously monitored, while other indicators were indirectly determined using analytical methods. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate that all examined parameters have a significant influence on the overall process performance, as determined by&nbsp;<br />the application of the MOORA method.&nbsp;</p>

<p>A healthy and stable financial system is very important for the development and growth of a country, and its key role is to provide conditions that will enable the unhindered flow of financial resources. Given that the stability of the banking system represents, both nationally and internationally, a matter of general public interest, banks in all countries are subject to supervision by supervisory authorities. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision plays a key role in shaping international standards with the aim of preserving the stability of the financial system. This paper explores the impact of the implementation of Basel III standards on the operations of banks in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), with an emphasis on capital adequacy, liquidity and risk management. The research was conducted using a quantitative method, using a structured questionnaire, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the research results. The analysis was conducted using a one-sample t-test to assess the deviation of respondents'&nbsp;attitudes from the neutral value. The results indicate a significant perception of the impact of Basel III standards on capital and risk management in the banking sector of the FBiH and provide a basis for improving the regulatory framework and bank supervision.</p>

The paper presents an overview of usage of the analog and hybrid computers in education and research in the field of electrical engineering in the period of 1964–1988 at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Sarajevo. A brief description of the analog RAS and PACE 231R computers, and hybrid system HRS-100 is provided. Development of teaching is documented and illustrated, and line of research is presented with the detailed bibliography.

Background and purpose: Three genera and eleven species of Glossosomatidae family have been confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, there is limited research on the biodiversity of this family in the region, especially on molecular data. With this paper, we contribute to the knowledge on the Glossosomatidae family with the first molecular records for two species for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and methods: Larval samples of caddisflies were collected in April 2019 and 2021 at the area of the Natural Monument the Spring of Bosna River followed by morphological identification. Molecular confirmation of species was done using DNA barcoding, targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region using Folmer’s primers and degenerated primers LCO1490-JJ and HCO2198-JJ. All obtained PCR products were bidirectionally sequenced using the same primers as in PCR. Results: Out of 52 specimens, 18 were morphologically determined to species level. A DNA barcode was successfully generated for 16 specimens. Eight sequences were generated for Synagapetus krawanyi, revealing three haplotypes previously absent from the BOLD database. Four sequences were obtained for S. iridipennis, with one new haplotype for BOLD database. Conclusions: We present new data on species distribution and genetic diversity of S. krawanyi and S. iridipennis from Bosnia and Herzegovina. This study contributes to the knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity and the Global Trichoptera Barcode Initiative by adding new records from two underrepresented species in the BOLD database.