The most distant marsquake recorded so far by the InSight seismometer occurred at an epicentral distance of 146.3 ± 6.9o, close to the western end of Valles Marineris. On the seismogram of this event, we have identified seismic wave precursors, i.e., underside reflections off a subsurface discontinuity halfway between the marsquake and the instrument, which directly constrain the crustal structure away (about 4100−4500 km) from the InSight landing site. Here we show that the Martian crust at the bounce point between the lander and the marsquake is characterized by a discontinuity at about 20 km depth, similar to the second (deeper) intra-crustal interface seen beneath the InSight landing site. We propose that this 20-km interface, first discovered beneath the lander, is not a local geological structure but likely a regional or global feature, and is consistent with a transition from porous to non-porous Martian crustal materials. The authors show that the Martian crust, ~4300 km from the InSight landing site, has a subsurface interface similar to that beneath the lander, suggesting it is a regional or global feature that may be related to the closure of pore spaces at depth.

This study has been undertaken to perform the game analysis, to determine an efficacy difference in an offence of four first placed woman handball national teams at the Olympic games in Tokyo. One of the problems, which undergoes scientific research, is competition between teams and an efficacy in the mentioned sport. The performance of any technical element in the handball is impossible to perform without the adequate motoric ability, as well as the quality of the motoric ability is impossible to perform without the rational technique. In this study, based information were obtained from first THIRD handball national teams of France, Russia and Norway during eight matches at the Olympic games in Tokyo. The total of 12 offence’s variables were obtained from 8 matches of woman’s handball national teams and analysed: total number of shots (sut_uk), precise - efficient number of shots (sut_pre), total number of shots from 6 meters (sut_m6_uk), precise - efficient number of shots from 6 meters (sut_m6_pre), total number of shots from wings (sut_kril_uk), precise - efficient number of shots from wings (sut_kr_pre), total number of shots from 9 meters (sut_m9_uk), precise - efficient number of shots from 9 meters (sut_m9_pre), total number of shots from 7 meters (sut_m7_uk), precise - efficient number of shots from 7 meters (sut_m7_pre), total number of fast centres (brzc_uk) and total number of precise - accomplished fast centres (sut_brzc_pre). Based on the analysis in this study, it is evident that the game of national teams was based on shots from 9 m, shots from 6 m, and on the fast performance of the fast centre. By analysed results, could be concluded, that these variables significantly determinate the game in offence on this tournament. Keywords: Women, handball, national teams, Olympic games

The resistance drop with time in metallic granular materials has been the subject of research since the 19th century, but it is still not fully clarified. The wider application of granular materials in the industry has contributed to the increased interest in this phenomenon. The key parameters that are mainly examined are as follows: the influence of different packings, dimensions, and shapes of the granules, as well as the influence of the pressure, exerted on them. However, there is a limited number of papers that examine the temporal evolution of the resistance in these materials. In this report, we investigate how different packings of two-dimensional stainless steel beads (inox) as well as different currents injected into them affect the temporal evolution of resistance. We also examine the effect of the breaks in the current flow for the current varied between 0.2 and 8 mA for both inox beads as well as low-carbon steel cylinders. The results show the drop of resistance over time for all current values, which is more pronounced in earlier stages of the time evolution. Interruptions in current flow cause an immediate decrease of resistance in both materials.

Abstract An efficient method for evaluation of an optimal two-layer soil model from Wenner four-probe measuring method, which has been used during experimental investigations, is presented within this paper. A two-layer soil model is assumed, and this soil model is an adequate representation of nonhomogeneous soil for grounding system design. The application of optimization techniques is required to estimate the electrical parameters of the proposed soil model. In this paper, first the fast gradient-descent method to solve a given optimization problem is chosen, and then with the aim of faster calculation for accelerating the rate of convergence of an infinite sum, the application of Aitken’s δ2 method is proposed.

Despite emails having been a standard technology since the 1970s, they are still indispensable in daily communication and the number of sent emails continues to rise year by year. This technology is not limited to business, it is also used in education, entertainment, or personal correspondence. Emails are also present in the everyday life of children: they are required to join websites, social networks or to participate in school -especially in homeschooling. However, emails are also associated with disadvantages such as spam, phishing, or malware. To engage children in security awareness we developed the DigiSkill platform, which provides interactive educational experiences. It consists of modules such as email or browser simulations, to increase the student’s digital skills. In this research, we evaluated the tool with 52 secondary school students to observe their knowledge on security awareness in the context of email usage and to help gain a better understanding. Therefore, we conducted an in-class evaluation with a tool intervention and related pre- and post-activities. We observed different characteristics in emails that students use for classification and identified common misconceptions. We found that students follow an intensely visual approach, which means the visual representation of an email has a strong impact on the level of suspicion students have. We aim to provide educators with a tool to improve the security awareness skills of their students and to discuss educational possibilities in this field with our research findings.

This paper addresses and evaluates approaches to incorporating personality data into a recommender system. Automatic personality recognition is enabled by the LIWC dictionary. Personality-aware pre-filtering techniques are developed and discussed, with the introduced non-targeted stratified personality sampling performing the best. A novel personality-aware model, FFM-SVD, is proposed and shown to outperform alternative models in prediction accuracy.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis remains an extremely common problem among the general population. In Western countries, an average person will probably face one or two episodes of gastrointestinal infections every year. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of nifuroxazide and probiotic preparation containing lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of acute diarrheal syndrome. Methods: The study was prospective, comparative study. Patients who suffered from acute infective diarrhoea for ≤72 hours and had ≥3 unformed stools per day, with no administration of antibiotics during 10 days before enrolment were divided into two groups: nifuroxazide group and the lactic acid probiotic group. All patients received therapies four times a day for three days. Data was collected at the baseline visit (before the initiation of the treatment) and two follow-up examinations on the third and seventh day from the treatment start. Results: The study included 61 patients, 36 in nifuroxazide group and 25 in probiotic group. Nifuroxazide group compared to probiotic group showed faster improvement of patients’ condition with lower number of stools three and seven days after therapy start (p=0.001 and p<0.001 respectively) and faster stool consistency normalization. On the seventh day from therapy start medium mushy stool consistency was observed in the majority of patients in nifuroxazide group (n=31, 86%) and only in small number of patients in probiotic group (n=5, 20%). Patients were feeling better and there was a trend of reporting better therapy efficacy in nifuroxazide group. Subjective assessment of therapy tolerability was also better in nifuroxazide group. Compliance to therapy and recommended dietary regime was similar between groups and there were no significant differences between groups regarding age, gender, elevated body temperature, abdominal pain, cramps, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Although probiotics are sometimes used in the treatment of acute diarrheal syndrome, nifuroxazide has better efficacy and greater patients’ satisfaction. Nifuroxazide can be recommended as the first choice empirical treatment in adult patients with the acute diarrheal syndrome.

The aim of this paper was to analyze the spelling errors of children with dyslexia, in order to determine whether they have a specific pattern of spelling errors or are simply late in acquiring spelling skills. The sample included 30 children with dyslexiaand 30 spelling-level-matched younger children. The research was conducted in the area of Sarajevo Canton and Tuzla Canton in the period from March to May 2022. The results showed that children with dyslexia make similar patterns of errors as spelling-level-matched group. The obtained results show that children with dyslexia in transparent orthography do not have a specific deficit in spelling, but rather delay in acquiring spelling skills. Key words:dyslexia, transparent orthography, spelling errors, specific deficit, delay.

This paper presents geological characteristic of the deposit Kotezi of the Bugojno coal basin. Regional geological researches were conducted from 1983 to 1987, and detailed from 2014 to the end of 2018. After field research and laboratory tests, the analysis and interpretation of the obtained results was carried out. Based on the determined borders of surface distribution and the research results of the coal deposit Kotezi, proved are four coal layers: II bottom, I bottom, main and roof. Coal of the deposit Kotezi belong to the younger coals, soft to medium hard, no luster (matt), brown to black colored, and have brown streak. Their fracture is plate-like and particleboard. He do not have a distinct lignite structure, except in the lower layers. With their general habitus, they resemble younger brown coals, and belong to humic coals which are relatively low in carbonation. Coal deposit Kotezi is the most important deposit in the Bugojno basin, which is very important due to continuity of coal exploitation. Considering the raw material potential and the possibility of expanding the existing raw material base, the Bugojno coal basin has particular importance for the long-term development of lignite exploitation and its use for thermal energy purposes. Key words: the Bugojno coal basin, Kotezi, coal layers, raw material potential.

Assessing the consistency of quantitative MRI measurements is critical for inclusion in longitudinal studies and clinical trials. Intraclass coefficient correlation and coefficient of variation were used to evaluate the different consistency aspects of diffusion- and myelinbased MRI measures. Multi-shell diffusion and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer datasets were collected from twenty healthy adults at a high-frequency of five MRI sessions. The consistency was evaluated across whole bundles and the track-profile along the bundles. The impact of the fiber populations on the consistency was also evaluated using the number of fiber orientations map. For whole and profile bundles, moderate to high reliability of diffusion and myelin measures were observed. We report higher reliability of measures for multiple fiber populations than single. The overall portrait of the most consistent measurements and bundles drawn from a wide range of MRI techniques presented here will be particularly useful for identifying reliable biomarkers capable of detecting, monitoring and predicting white matter changes in clinical applications and has the potential to inform patient-specific treatment strategies. Key points Reliability and variability are excellent to good for DWI measurements, and good to moderate for MT measures for whole bundles and along the bundles. The number of fiber populations affects the reliability and variability of the MRI measurements. The reliability and variability of MRI measurements are also bundle dependent.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of use of essential health services (EHS), health-seeking behaviors, and population health and wellbeing in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) from the perspective of its adult population. A population-based survey was implemented in the FBiH in December 2020 on a sample of 1068 adults. Overall, 64% of respondents received care, significantly more being women (67% vs. 61%, p = 0.046), those with a chronic disease (CD) (75% vs. 65%, p < 0.001), and of an older age (58% in 18–34 vs. 67% in older, p = 0.031). These groups also postponed care more often (39% in 55+ vs. 31% in 18–34 years old, p = 0.01; 55% with CD vs. 31% without, p < 0.001; and 43% in females vs. 32% males, p < 0.001). Main reasons for postponing care were lack of available appointments and fear of infection. The presence of a CD was the strongest predictor of need, access, and disruptions of health care. Respondents reported increased expenses for medicines (40%) and health services (30%). The findings of the survey add user insights into EHS disruptions to existing health statistics and other data and may be used to inform strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on the disruption of health care services, strengthening health system preparedness and building resilience for future emergencies.

Passive flow control techniques are needed to reduce flow separation and enhance aerodynamic performance. In this work, the effect of a knitted wire mesh on the flow separation of a backward-facing ramp was numerically investigated for a Reynolds number of 3000. A grid independence study and a RANS turbulence model sensitivity analysis were conducted. The CFD simulations exhibited counter-rotating streamwise vortices emerging from the knitted wire mesh, and the reattachment length was significantly reduced. A variation of the knitted wire rows revealed a maximum reduction of the reattachment length of 25.7% for the case of four rows. A comparison with a different knitted wire mesh geometry yielded a decreased reattachment length reduction.