Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial injury. Due to their hypoglycemic effects, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are efficiently used for T2DM management. GLP-1RAs also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, and can improve cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1RA, on isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. The study included 4 groups of animals. They were pretreated with saline for 10 days + saline on days 9 and 10 (control), saline for 10 days + isoprenaline on days 9 and 10 (isoprenaline group), liraglutide for 10 days + saline on days 9 and 10 (liraglutide group), and liraglutide for 10 days and on days 9 and 10 they were administered isoprenaline. This study evaluated ECG, myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress markers, and pathohistological changes. The results showed that liraglutide mitigated the isoprenaline-induced cardiac dysfunction recorded by ECG. Liraglutide reduced serum markers of myocardial injury such as high-sensitive troponin I, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reduced TBARS, increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and increased reduced glutathione, and improved lipid profile. Liraglutide induced antioxidative protection and alleviated isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury.

Observational studies play a critical role in evaluating the prevalence and incidence of conditions or diseases in populations as well as in defining the benefits and potential hazards of health-related interventions. There are currently no reporting guidelines for observational studies in the field of Endodontics. The Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) team have developed and published new reporting guidelines for observational-based studies called the "Preferred Reporting items for OBservational studies in Endodontics (PROBE) 2023" guidelines. The PROBE 2023 guidelines were developed exclusively for the specialty of Endodontics by integrating and adapting the "STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)" checklist and the "Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP)" principles. The recommendations of the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines were adhered to throughout the process of developing the guidelines. The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for authors by providing an explanation for each of the items in the PROBE 2023 checklist along with relevant examples from the literature. The document also offers advice to authors on how they can address each item in their manuscript before submission to a journal. The PROBE 2023 checklist is freely accessible and downloadable from the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) website (http://pride-endodonticguidelines.org/probe/).

This article explores a possibility to improve mathematical teaching by using 3D printing technology. The question is whether it is possible to use low cost additive manufacturing technology to develop and manufacture real physical prototypes of complex mathematical surfaces and volumes and on that way improve mathematics education. Five mathematical problems were chosen as case studies. Visualization of this problems was done using professor hand drawing, using computer visualization and using development and manufacturing of real physical prototypes. To find out how much better is understanding of these problems, survey with 57 students is carried out. Results showed significant improvements of understanding and better visualization of selected mathematical problems.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with modified-hen-egg-yolk on plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles in rats. During the four-week-experiment, 64 Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 16 (eight of both sexes), and fed commercial rat food (group C); food containing 70% commercial rat mixture and 30% freshly cooked egg yolk originating from laying hen eggs fed with 3% fish oil (group F); 3% palm olein (group P), or 3% lard (group L). The cooked egg yolk in the rat diet affected the concentrations of plasma total and LDL-cholesterol in males of the P and L groups. Cholesterol and total fat in the diet did not have a hypercholesterolemic effect on their own, but when in combination with fatty acid composition, they could contribute to an increase in plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in rats. HDL-cholesterol was the most resilient plasma lipoprotein of rats to dietary treatments in our experiment. Compared to the control group, the addition of hen egg yolk to the rat diet regardless of its quality, adversely affected the values of HDL-C/TC and HDL-C/LDL-C in both males and females.

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is an important pathogen in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants. We sequenced M. ovipneumoniae strains 150 and 274 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strain 150 has a circular genome of 1,053,380 bp with 29.15% GC content while strain 274 has 1,081,404 bp with 28.82% GC content. ABSTRACT Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is an important pathogen in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants. We sequenced M. ovipneumoniae strains 150 and 274 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strain 150 has a circular genome of 1,053,380 bp with 29.15% GC content while strain 274 has 1,081,404 bp with 28.82% GC content.

Protective relays are integral to the reliability of any electrical power system, and are fundamental to the decision-making of their protection systems. They support the detection and isolation of problems in the power system, so that the operation of unaffected parts can be maintained. ElectroMechanical Relays (EMRs) are still predominant around the globe in the high and extra high voltage transmission systems. Thus, ensuring the reliability and traceability of relays is of major importance. One way to achieve this is through parallel redundancy by implementing redundant sensor architectures, such as one-out-of-two (1oo2). In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for the fault prognosis-i.e., detection and failure date prediction – and isolation prediction for redundant 1002 architectures. The algorithm predicts the failure ahead of time and provides an estimated date for the failure event. Our contribution in this work is on the fault isolation prediction, where we infer-ahead of time, before the occurrence of the fault-which relay of the pair will cause the failure. The fault isolation is achieved by means of Machine Learning (ML) based feature extraction and binary classification methods. We apply the algorithm on EMRs based solely on the discrepancy time signals of the opening and closing events of the relays. The algorithm has been tested on data from redundant EMRs from the publicly available SOReDD dataset. While relays are binary switches, our work could potentially not only be applied to other types of binary switches but also to binary sensors as they also produce a binary output signal.

The importance of comfort during transfer and stationing becomes a key performance parameter for large yacht design, on the same level as propulsive issues. Such a matter extends questions in terms of form and service demand to the motion behaviour of the unit in waves. Relevant studies refer to outdated hull forms not specific to modern large yachts. In this study, five hull forms with different bow concepts represent the most common design solutions for yachts at constant draught and displacement. The preliminary ranking on the effect of alternative bows on comfort requires the definition of internationally accepted comfort standards. Here, the AWI 22834 guidelines for large yachts provide the service and environmental conditions and criteria for the comfort analysis, being the only reference specific to yachts. The calculations employ a strip-theory-based numerical model to provide results of easy understanding for designers during the early design stage. The obtained ranking among the design solutions on a reference large yacht favours the option nested with a bulb, contradicting the expectations in favour of a vertical bow concept. The discussion and conclusions provide a way forward for additional analyses and investigations aimed at proposing suitable multicriterial design guidelines for large yachts. However, the results also show the unsuitability of AWI environmental and encounter conditions for hull form ranking.

Background COVID-19 remains a major public health challenge, requiring the development of tools to improve diagnosis and inform therapeutic decisions. As dysregulated inflammation and coagulation responses have been implicated in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and sepsis, we studied their plasma proteome profiles to delineate similarities from specific features. Methods We measured 276 plasma proteins involved in Inflammation, organ damage, immune response and coagulation in healthy controls, COVID-19 patients during acute and convalescence phase, and sepsis patients; the latter included (i) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Influenza, (ii) bacterial CAP, (iii) non-pneumonia sepsis, and (iv) septic shock patients. Results We identified a core response to infection consisting of 42 proteins altered in both COVID-19 and sepsis, although higher levels of cytokine storm-associated proteins were evident in sepsis. Furthermore, microbiologic etiology and clinical endotypes were linked to unique signatures. Finally, through machine learning, we identified biomarkers, such as TRIM21, PTN and CASP8, that accurately differentiated COVID-19 from CAP-sepsis with higher accuracy than standard clinical markers. Conclusions This study extends the understanding of host responses underlying sepsis and COVID-19, indicating varying disease mechanisms with unique signatures. These diagnostic and severity signatures are candidates for the development of personalized management of COVID-19 and sepsis.

In this paper we consider some metrical and topological properties of the river metric $d^*$ in the plane $\mathbb{R}^2^2$. We give the form of the metric segment and the set of all points that are equidistant from two points in $(\rR^2,d^*)$. We also give the characterization of a compact sets in this space.

Probna arheološka istraživanja na platou Vranjače, pozicioniranom istočno od lokaliteta nacionalnog spomenika Arheološko područje Debelo brdo, prahistorijsko gradinsko naselje, antički i kasnoantički odbrambeni objekat u Sarajevu, izvršena suna osnovu javnog poziva koji je raspisala Općina Centar u Sarajevu. U skladu s uvjetima definiranim pozivom, istraživanje je predstavljalo ispitivanje općinskog zemljišta sa ciljem utvrđivanja da li se, s obzirom na blizinu nacionalnog spomenikaDebelo Brdo, u opsegu nekoliko katastarskih čestica nalazi ikakav arheološki lokalitet. U slučaju pronalaska arheoloških ostataka drugi definirani zadak je bilo utvrđivanje parametara distribucije samih nalaza, time i cjelokupnog potencijalnoglokaliteta.

This experimental study was conducted to determine the ability of a novel mycotoxins detoxification agent (MR) at a concentration of 0.2% to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) or T-2 toxin, alone or in combination, and to examine its effect on performance, pathohistological changes (PH) and the residue of these toxins in the tissues of broiler chicks. A total of 96 broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups: group C, which served as control (without any additives); group MR, which received the novel detoxification agent (supplemented with 0.2%); group E-I (0.1 mg AFB1/kg of diet); group E-II (0.1 mg AFB1/kg of diet + MR 0.2%); group E-III (0.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet); group E-IV (0.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet + 0.2% MR); group E-V (combination of 0.1 mg AFB1/kg, 0.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet); and group E-VI (combination of 0.1 mg AFB1/kg, 0.5 mg T-2 toxin + 0.2% MR). Results indicate that feeds containing AFB1 and T-2 toxin, alone or in combination, adversely affected the health and performance of poultry. However, the addition of MR to diets containing AFB1 and T-2 toxin singly and in combination exerted a positive effect on body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency and microscopic lesions in visceral organs. Residual concentration of AFB1 in liver samples was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased when chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.2% of MR.

This paper aims to show how business intelligence can be applied in the credit card approval process. More specifically, the paper investigates how information like an applicant’s age, credit score, debt, income, and prior default can be used in credit card approval prediction.The dataset used for analysis is a publicly available dataset from the UCI machine learning repository. Logistic regression is used to make a prediction model with a reasonable number of attributes for a comprehensible business model. The Chi-square test of independence is used to test the dependence of credit card approval results with attributes. Research uncovers that prior default is supposed to be the most important attribute in the approval process. Finally, the authors propose several visualizations that could help make smarter decisions with effective credit risk assessment.

Introduction: During the last two and a half years, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread around the world. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are designed to produce anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the viral S-glycoprotein. The aim of this study was to measure the anti-S antibody titres among the medical personnel who had been fully vaccinated with different types of vaccines, and to compare them with those who were COVID-19 convalescents. Material and methods: In this study serum was collected from 261 healthcare workers, of whom 227 were vaccinated, while 34 were recovered participants who were not immunised. Serum samples were collected 21 days after the first dose and 60 and 180 days after the second dose of the vaccines and tested with a commercial ELISA kit. Results: The highest antibody level (12 AU/ml) was measured in the Pfizer-BioNTech group, followed by Sinopharm (9.3 AU/ml), Sputnik V (5.9 AU/ml), Sinovac (4.6 AU/ml) and Oxford/Astra- Zeneca vaccine (2.5 AU/ml) 60 days after the second dose of the vaccines (90 days after the first dose). The seropositivity rate for mRNA vaccine was 88.5%, for vector vaccines 86.2% and for inactivated vaccines 71.4%. When comparing these antibody levels with COVID-19 convalescents, higher antibody titres were found in vaccinated participants (5.76 AU/ml vs 7.06 AU/ml), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Individuals vaccinated with mRNA and vector vaccines had a higher seroconversion rate compared to the group vaccinated with inactivated vaccines, or convalescents.

Simple Summary MGMT-methylated glioblastomas have significantly lower ADC values, as compared to the glioblastomas with no MGMT methylation in peritumoral white matter. There were no differences in enhancing tumor areas. These findings could improve predictions of MGMT status in glioblastomas. Abstract Different results have been reported concerning the relationship of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the status of methylation as the promoter gene for the enzyme methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in patients with glioblastomas (GBs). The aim of this study was to investigate if there were correlations between the ADC values of the enhancing tumor and peritumoral areas of GBs and the MGMT methylation status. In this retrospective study, we included 42 patients with newly diagnosed unilocular GB with one MRI study prior to any treatment and histopathological data. After co-registration of ADC maps with T1-weighted sequences after contrast administration and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion, we manually selected one region-of-interest (ROI) in the enhancing and perfused tumor and one ROI in the peritumoral white matter. Both ROIs were mirrored in the healthy hemisphere for normalization. In the peritumoral white matter, absolute and normalized ADC values were significantly higher in patients with MGMT-unmethylated tumors, as compared to patients with MGMT-methylated tumors (absolute values p = 0.002, normalized p = 0.0007). There were no significant differences in the enhancing tumor parts. The ADC values in the peritumoral region correlated with MGMT methylation status, confirmed by normalized ADC values. In contrast to other studies, we could not find a correlation between the ADC values or the normalized ADC values and the MGMT methylation status in the enhancing tumor parts.