The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global call for action to end poverty, protect our planet's environment and climate, and provide opportunities for all people to enjoy peace and prosperity. Decarbonizing the transport sector is key to achieving the UN and EU climate goals. Under the Paris Agreement, EU countries have committed to making the EU climate-neutral by 2050. To achieve the goal of net neutrality, EU countries have set a goal to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors (especially transport) by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and to continue to gradually reduce emissions by 2050, when there should be zero greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors. The Regional Development Strategy, i.e. the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, aims to respond to the challenges of climate change and green transition and to help the countries of the Western Balkans harmonize environmental regulations with European standards and norms. Electric mobility and management of E mobility is becoming a decisive element in the smart and sustainable development of cities and local communities as one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The transition to electric mobility (e-mobility) in urban areas requires a combination of infrastructure, smart grid technologies, vehicle advances, and digital platforms to ensure efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability. Several cities around the world have successfully integrated e-mobility technologies into their urban transport systems. The paper analyses cities that showcase different aspects of electric mobility transformation, with a detailed analysis of the financial investments and economic benefits associated with e-mobility projects in each of the selected cities. Western Balkan cities are gradually adopting e-mobility solutions through subsidies for electric vehicles, expansion of charging infrastructure, electrification of public transport, and integration of micro-mobility. This paper analyses cities in Southeast Europe and the Western Balkans, the challenges in fully adopting e-mobility, and their efforts to implement smart and sustainable urban transport solutions.

Summary:The process of state succession, according to the rules of classical international law and the dominant theory of universal succession taken from Roman law, is inconsistent due to the sources of international law that regulate it. To standardize the practice of dealing with predecessor states and successor states in cases of succession, two international conventions were adopted: the Convention on the Succession of States concerning international treaties in 1978 and the Convention on the Succession of States concerning state property, archives, and debts in 1983. Although the former convention entered into force in 1996, the latter one never did. However, both conventions attempted to standardize the way succession cases are handled following international law. In the case of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the process of succession following unconstitutional secession became highly politicized, particularly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The instrumentalization of international public law for political purposes in this case is still relevant today, as it highlights the politicization of international relations and legal norms. The Succession Agreement signed in 2001 was a positive step towards fairly dividing the assets and liabilities of the SFRY among the successor states. However, even 23 years after its signing, this process has not been completed. Furthermore, there have been violations of basic human rights by Croatia and Slovenia regarding the succession of acquired rights of former citizens of the SFRY, despite these countries now having the status of EU members. The conclusion suggests the necessity of further cooperation and solving key issues to achieve stability and prosperity in the region.

Basketball as a sports activity has evolved over its long history from an alternative game to a highly selective sport in which success is reserved exclusively for the most talented and capable individuals. The aim of the research was to examine the differences in the exertion of force produced on a surface for the dominant and non-dominant leg in basketball players of different levels of competition. The research was conducted on a sample of 33 subjects of senior age from three levels of basketball competition in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Exertion of the force exercised during the jump on a surface was obtained using the Gyko System and Opto Jump. The “Single leg jump” test procedure was used. It is concluded that 30-50% of the variables have a statistically significant difference, which partially indicates the existence of statistically significant differences in the exertion of force in the dominant and non-dominant leg. The biggest difference in the dominant and non-dominant leg was detected in subjects of the A1 League (3 out of 6 variables). The smallest difference was detected in the subjects of the A2 League (no statistically significant difference was detected in any variable). Subjects in the Premier League showed a difference in 2 of 6 variables (flight time and jump height). The results obtained indicate that regular practice with both legs, both in the game and in training, will help players become balanced and efficient in all aspects of the game. Based on these results, it is possible to construct test batteries that will provide quality information necessary for planning and programming in basketball.

Renewable energy sources are of vital importance for solving the problem of energy stability, especially solar energy, which should become the cheapest source of electricity in almost all African countries by 2030. International financial institutions should step up the mobilization of private capital, act as first movers to absorb risk and protect investments. This would help promote projects that support vulnerable populations, lay the foundations for sustainable economic growth and ensure that Africa becomes an attractive destination for energy investment. Many people associate technologies like solar and wind power with the efforts they make to combat climate change. But for the world's most vulnerable populations, they are much more than a clean energy solution. In terms of energy sources, the continent of Africa has a huge potential that has remained largely untapped. Despite having large expanses for 60% of the best solar resources globally, Africa has about the same installed solar PV capacity as Belgium, a small country not known for its amount of solar energy utilization. There is also great potential for hydro, wind and geothermal energy in many African countries, and these energy sources can play an important role in diversifying and securing electricity supply. Responsible use of the continent's natural resources will be essential to its development.

Cilj izricanja i izvršenja kazne zatvora je prevashodno resocijalizacija i reintegracijapočinioca krivičnog djela u društvo, nakon njenog izvršenja. U zatvorskom sistemu i sitemu izvršenjakazne zatvora, predviđeni su različiti načini ostvarivanja navedenih ciljeva kroz programe i tretmanekoji se provode kroz aktivnosti koje zatvorenici obavljaju u zatvorima poput: rada, obrazovanja,adekvatnog korištenja slobodnog vremena, različitih specijalnih edukacija, zatim sportske aktivnosti,kreative radionice, čitanje knjiga, pisanje literarnih radova, odvijanje niza terapija u okviru programarehabilitacije koje su povezane sa navedenin aktivnostima i sl. U tom pravcu su i autorice ovog radaprestavile značaj postojanja biblioteka i bogastvo bibliotečkog fonada te stanje u zatvorskimbibliotekama u zatvorskom sistemu u BiH. Nakon kratkog upoznavanja sa zatvorskim sistemom isistemom izvršenja kazne zatvora u BiH, posebnu pažnju su posvetile terapijskom radu i važnostipostojanja biblioteka radi rehabilitacije, zatim obrazovanja, važnosti raznih specijalnihedukacija, nekih obuka iz oblasti informatike te čitanju knjiga u slobodno vrijeme kao vidu kreativnei terapijske radionice. Veoma značajan dio rada su rezultati istraživanja o stanju u bibliotekama uzatvorskom sistemu u BiH i odgovor na postavljenu hipotezu "Bibliotečki fond u zatvorima u BiH neodgovara potrebama zatvorenika". Nakon provedenog intervjua i analize anketnih upitnikaprovedenih u nekoliko zatvora u BiH, autorice izvode zaključke o broju i sadržaju bibliotečkog fondazaključujući da li postojeće stanje zadovoljava potrebe zatvorenika u zatvorima. Na kraju predlažukako unaprijediti stanje u zatvorima u pogledu obogaćivanja zatvorskih biblioteka, a samim tim iomogućiti realizaciju programa obrazovanja, korisnog iskorištavanja slobodnog vremena i, ukonačnici, obezbjediti kvalitetniju resocijalizaciju.

Rad istražuje nove kulturne obrasce koji su sve više prisutni kod mladih u Bosni iHercegovini. Novi kulturni obrasci mladih obuhvataju spektar promjena u kulturnim aktivnostima,uključujući digitalnu kulturu, multikulturalizam, aktivizam i alternativnu umjetnost, što odražavanjihovu otvorenost prema novim idejama, različitostima i društvenom angažmanu. Kroz kvalitativnokvantitativnipristup primjenom instrumenta anketnog upitnika analiziraju se različiti aspekti novihkulturnih trendova među mladima, uključujući muziku, umjetnost, modu, digitalne medije, društvenemreže i načine komunikacije. Posebna pažnja posvećuje se utjecaju globalizacije, tehnološkognapretka i društvenih promjena na oblikovanje kulturnih preferencija mladih. Kroz rezultateistraživanja, rad pruža uvid u dinamičnost kulturnih identiteta mladih u savremenoj društvenojsvakodnevnici u Bosni i Hercegovini.

The study investigates how the main characters Alexander (Daniel Brühl) and Christiane (Katrin Sass) and their complex and dynamic relationships are characterized through film dialogue in the German film Good Bye, Lenin! directed by Wolfgang Becker in 2003. Since dialogues often serve as carriers of socio- historical circumstances and interpersonal relationships, which is also evident in this film, the aim of the study is to analyze the gradual revelation of the protagonists’ personal identities, their psychological “currents,” perception of reality, and motives for their actions based on three selected dialogues. In order to follow the emotional depth as well as the internal conflicts in the context of the socio-political upheavals of that time (for example, Christiane’s comatose alertness can be interpreted as a powerful metaphor for the collapse of East Germany), the discourse analysis will also include the linguistic-stylistic features that permeate and contribute to its development.

U radu su prikazane interpretacije rodno zasnovanog nasilja kroz međunarodnopravne, a sprimarnim fokusom na standarde UNa i Vijeća Evrope. Koristeći primarno logičku i lingvističkumetodu u pravu prikazani su načini na koje se tumači rod u sintagmi 'rodno zasnovano nasilje' i kako,u odnosu na ova tumačenja, varira i opseg pojma. Specifičan fokus rada su kontekstualneinterpretacije u lokalnom, bosanskohercegovačkom diskursu. Ovakav pristup motiviran je prvenstvenoanti-rodnim kampanjama u 21. stoljeću u Evropi i Americi (Paternotte i Kuhar, 2017, str. 7; Sosa,2021, str. 3) strukturiranih kao desničarski populizam koji redefinira i demonizira značenje riječi rod(Graff i Korolczuk, 2022, str. 4, 7). Anti-rodne kampanje imaju svoje refleksije i u Bosni i Hercegovinii državama u regionu koja posebno dolazi do izražaja kroz tumačenje 'rodno zasnovanog nasilja' uprevođenju međunarodnih standarda u nacionalno zakonodavstvo.

The ratio of concentrations of total nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand in the sanitary wastewater of an energy infrastructure facility in Serbia is many times higher than usual, resulting in only half of the total nitrogen being eliminated in wastewater treatment plants (membrane bioreactor with anoxic and aerobic reactors) by denitrification. The first step of analysis was mathematical modelling of the composition and origins of the input wastewater. The model was developed based on the scientific literature data on composition of human excrement and the data on composition of water used for sanitary purposes. Next, it was successfully verified by comparisons to the experimental data of the wastewater composition. In the next step, a model for wastewater treatment simulation was created by using the BioWin software (Envirosim Associates, USA) in order to examine functioning of the plant and test the effects of several possible modifications of the process. A good agreement with the qualities of the influent and effluent determined by laboratory analyses was achieved after model calibration. The results of simulations showed a tenfold decrease in the total nitrogen concentration and a fortyfold decrease in the total phosphorous concentration in the effluent after introducing the following modifications to the simulated process: ferric chloride dosing, increasing dosing of acetate in the anoxic reactor by a factor of seven, increasing of the waste activated sludge rate by a factor of four and increasing the recirculation flow rate by a factor of three.

Nasilje u partnerskim odnosima već dugo je predmet istraživačkog interesa sa fokusom naodrasle osobe. Od 90-ih godina prošlog stoljeća pokazuje se povećani interes za nasilje u vezamamladih kao i njihov kvalitet veze. Prve emotivne veze u ljudskim životima u pravilu se i javljaju zavrijeme adolescentnog perioda, i donose sa sobom nova iskusva i doživljaje. Važna komponentaodnosa sa suprotnim spolom je osjećaj zaljubljenosti. Mladi se u ovom periodu suočavaju s vrlovažnim razvojnim izazovom – pokušavaju uspostaviti novi oblik bliskog odnosa sa osobom koja im jeprivlačna na potpuno novi način. Cilj istraživanja je ispitati percepciju kvalieta emotivnih veza kodmladih i utvrditi prisustvo nasilja sa posebnim osvrtom na njegove pojavne oblike. Uzorak ispitanikasu činili mladi u dobi od 18 do 25 godina. Zadovoljstvo emotivnom vezom predstavlja stepen u kojempojedinac svoju romantičnu vezu procjenjuje kvalitetnom, a ova procjena zadovoljstva ovisi od odnosadobitaka i gubitaka u vezi. U svrhu procjene korištena je Skala procjene kvalitete veze (RelationshipAssesment Scale – RAS) (Adaptirana prema Šunjiić i Penezić, 2014). Za potrebe istraživanjakonstruisan je i Upitnik vezan za prisustvo nasilja u mladenačkim vezama.Rezultati istraživanjaobrađeni su detaljnom deskriptivnom analizom. Rezultati pokazuju da mladi imaju različitupercepciju kvaliteta emotivne veze. Također se pokazalo da su mladi u svjesni postojanja problemanasilja u vezi i da prepoznaju nasilne obrasce ponašanja. U nasilna ponašanja najčepće ubrajaju onakojima se nastoji dominirati i kontrolisati partner. Rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti kao baza zakreiranje programa za prevenciju nasilja u mladenačkim vezama.

The research was conducted on a sample of 102 respondents (teachers/professors) employed in elementary schools in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main goal of the research is to determine the attitudes and possible differences in the attitudes of teachers and professors regarding the early recognition and development of athletically gifted students who transition from classroom to subject classes, in the activities that the student engages in with regard to the gender, work status, age and level of education of the respondents. As a measuring instrument in the research, a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used, in which each statement has 5 answers (I do not agree at all, I do not agree, I have no opinion/I am neutral, I agree, I completely agree). The survey questionnaire contained seven indicators for the assessment of early recognition and support for the development of sports gifted students, as well as questions related to the respondent’s gender, workplace/position, age and level of education. The results of the t-test and the analysis of variance of the different groups with LSD Post Hoc comparison tests were used to determine any statistically significant differences between the groups of respondents with regard to gender, workplace/position, age and level of education. The obtained results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of teachers/professors regarding the early recognition and development of athletically gifted students in the activities that the student engages in with regard to gender and age, and the differences in the attitudes of the respondents were determined with regard to work status and level of education of the respondents.

The aim of this research was to determine the structure of football through indicators of situational efficiency in world championship matches. The research sample consisted of 370 soccer players who played all 90 minutes of the Round of 16 matches of the three world soccer championships WC2010 (N = 124), WC2014 (N = 126) and WC2018 (N = 120). 30 variables of situational efficiency were used, which were taken from the official website of the World Football Federation (www.fifa.com). To determine the structure of football, we used factor analysis, the method of principal components with oblique direct oblimin transformation was used, and the Kaiser-Gutman criterion was used to determine the significance of the extracted factors. Analyzing the results, the explanation of the common variance was the highest at WC 2010 (83.52 %), followed by WC 2014 (81.97 %), and the lowest explained variance was at WC 2018 (76.30 %). In the structure of football at WC 2010 and WC 2014, 6 latent factors were singled out, and at WC 2018, 4 latent factors were singled out, which are differently saturated with situational indicators. We conclude that changes have occurred in the structure of football over a period of 8 years, which is shown by the number and structure of factors that have been fished out. The structure of football has changed in such a way that the number of factors has been reduced from 6 to 4, and the structure of isolated factors clearly defines modern football. Based on the results, the guidelines and standards on which football training should be based can be clearly determined, while using certain training tools, training stimuli and appropriate training loads in order to achieve a high level of physical preparation, a high level of technique in movement, a high rhythm of the game and tactical maturity of football players.

The introduction of artificial intelligence into the education system provides new opportunities for improving the quality of teaching and learning. This paper investigates the application of artificial intelligence in the teaching of mathematics, focusing on different approaches, tools and methods that can contribute to a better understanding and mastering of mathematical concepts. Through an analysis of relevant literature and case studies, this paper examines how VI can personalize the learning process, enable adaptive teaching, and support teachers in evaluating and monitoring student progress. The research results show that the integration of artificial intelligence into the teaching process can significantly improve educational outcomes and student motivation, but also pose challenges related to the implementation and ethical aspects of using AI in education.

This paper examines the legal and practical aspects of Article 266 of the Serbian Criminal Code, which criminalizes the import, as well as illegal processing, disposal, and storage of hazardous materials in Serbia. The study explores the conceptual underpinnings of the law, emphasizing its role in safeguarding public health and environmental safety. It scrutinizes the application of Article 266, highlighting notable cases and enforcement strategies employed by Serbian judicial authorities, as well as a study cases related to problems of hazardous waste. The paper also delves into the inherent challenges in the legislation`s implementation, including the identification and classification of dangerous substances, the evolving nature of hazardous materials, and jurisdictional issues. Moreover, the study critically analyzes the impact of international conventions and European Union standards on Serbian law, exploring how global trends influence domestic legal frameworks. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for enhancing the efficacy of Article 266, suggesting legislative reforms, raising public awareness, and improving inter-agency collaboration to effectively combat the illegal handling of hazardous materials in Serbia. U radu se analiziraju pravni i praktični aspekti člana 266.