A pole of order m∈N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m \in \mathbb {N}$$\end{document} at β∈C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta \in \mathbb {C}$$\end{document} of a regular operator-valued function Q:D(Q)→L(H)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q: \mathcal {D}(Q) \rightarrow \mathcal {L}(\mathcal {H})$$\end{document} is investigated. We provide a characterization of pole cancellation functions ψ(z)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varvec{\psi }(z)$$\end{document} of Q(z) of order k≤m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$k \le m$$\end{document} at β\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document} in terms of the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of Q. This characterization yields practical and explicit constructions of pole cancellation functions ψ(z)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varvec{\psi }(z)$$\end{document}. Moreover, it leads to an explicit formula for the associated functions φ^(z):=Q(z)ψ(z)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varvec{\hat{\varphi }}(z):= Q(z)\varvec{\psi }(z)$$\end{document}, which are root functions of order k at the zero β\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document} of Q-1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q^{-1}$$\end{document}. The results are illustrated by an example.

In this research, a rapid seismic assessment of the I Gymnasium in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) was conducted. The structural information was obtained from original designs, visual inspection, which was supported by the usage of a drone, and infrared thermography. The vulnerability of the structure was assessed by implementing the Vulnerability Index Method (VIM). Once the mean damage grades were obtained for various seismic intensities (EMS 98 scale applied) vulnerability curve was constructed, enabling the quantification of risk for various seismic scenarios. The structure would experience no to minor damage if exposed to weaker earthquakes (IV–V). The most interesting intensities for Sarajevo are VII and VIII, indicating moderate damage. For earthquakes of higher intensities (X–XII), there is a significant increase in heavy and severe damage, leading to the complete collapse in the case of XII intensity level. The paper further discussed the effects that have a direct impact on the degradation of masonry material, leading to a reduction of its resilience. An aspect of inadequate strengthening is emphasized, together with the importance of regular maintenance for prolonging the life of these types of structures.

A comprehensive understanding of fundamental physical laws is essential for effectively using modern medical devices and comprehending the biological processes of organisms. This underscores the necessity of physics as a mandatory course in medical and healthcare studies. However, there is a lack of research regarding medical students’ motivation to learn physics and their awareness of its importance in healthcare, particularly among students in radiology and physiotherapy programmes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess students’ motivations for enrolling in healthcare programmes, their opinions about physics, and their perceived value of physics education for future career competencies. The sample comprised 157 undergraduate students from the physiotherapy and radiologic technology programmes at the Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Croatia. Data were collected using a standardised questionnaire and analysed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. The research findings indicate that most students are enthusiastic about learning physics when they see its practical applications, especially in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Additionally, students are primarily motivated by a desire to help others, positive high school experiences, career aspirations, and family influence. Final-year students particularly recognise the significance of physics in diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, professors’ professionalism and the curriculum’s relevance to future job skills are keymotivators. These findings can be used to develop diverse teaching strategies to enhance student interest, ultimately cultivating experts who can advance healthcare and improve disease diagnosis and treatment. 

<p>Nifuroxazide is an antimicrobial drug from the nitrofuran group, which is used in the treatment of acute bacterial intestinal infections. Its mechanism of action is based on the reduction of the nitro group in bacterial cells, which produces reactive metabolites that permanently damage enzymes and the genetic material of microorganisms. Enzymes of redox metabolism are particularly sensitive, among which lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) stands out. In this work, an electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry) was used to determine kinetic constants. The enzyme LDH (biosensor) was immobilized on a GC electrode and the effect of nifuroxazide on enzyme activity was monitored. The results show that nifuroxazide binds non-competitively to the enzyme and thus changes the enzyme conformation. This process leads to permanent blockade of key metabolic reactions, disruption of the redox balance and death of the bacterial cell.</p>

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate patients' awareness and the key factors affecting decisions on tooth preservation. Material and methods: This study was conducted through an anonymous survey of 237 patients who visited the Department and Clinic for Dental Pathology and Endodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo. Participant were informed about the purpose of the research and informed consent was obtained from each participant. General demographic data on gender, age and education were collected, followed by their attitudes, experiences and knowledge regarding endodontic treatment. Results: A total of 236 valid responses were analyzed.The majority of respondents (53.2%) assessed their knowledge as „moderate/average“ and also cited 'the dentist' as their primary source of information (81.8%). Our survey revealed that respondents distinguish a broader spectrum of symptoms that indicate the need for root canal treatment (RCT) rather than just spontaneous toothache. In terms of treatment outcomes, majority (86%) recognized RCT as an effective toothsaving method. Local anesthesia was highly demanded, with 56.2% of patients exclusively insisting on a pain-free procedure. In selecting a dental clinic, respondents primarily value clinical expertise and experience (68.6%), followed by staff friendliness and service quality (44.9%) while financial costs did not affect the priority of tooth preservation for the majority of patients (50.9%). Conclusion: Our research demonstrates significant progress in patient awareness and perception of endodontic therapy. Furthermore, as dental knowledge is more accessible than ever, patients must be educated to view the dentist as their primary and most reliable resource. Ultimately, establishing mutual trust between the patient and the dentist remains the foundation of successful therapy.

Nicotine dependence remains one of the most complex and widespread global public health challenges. Despite extensive prevention efforts and regulatory actions, its prevalence continues to be high. In recent years, there has been rapid development of non-combustible nicotine delivery products, including nicotine pouches (NP), which represent a newer category within the smokeless, tobacco-free market. These pouches are placed in the oral vestibule, between the lip and the gum, allowing nicotine to be gradually absorbed over approximately 30 minutes per use. However, their effects on oral health are still not well understood. This narrative review therefore aims to summarize and clarify the current evidence regarding the oral manifestations associated with NP use.

Introduction: Impacted maxillary canines are among the most common orthodontic anomalies and often require comprehensive radiographic assessment for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The KPG index is a CBCT-based three-dimensional classification system used to evaluate the severity of canine impaction. Aim: To assess the association between the KPG index and angular parameters (α and θ angles) in impacted maxillary canines. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 30 patients with impacted maxillary canines treated at the Department and Clinic of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Sarajevo. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and panoramic radiographs were analyzed. The KPG index was determined from CBCT images, while α and θ angles were measured on panoramic radiographs. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the KPG index and angular parameters. Results: The mean KPG index was 13.17 ± 7.29, the mean α angle was 32.93 ± 21.34°, and the mean θ angle was 53.87 ± 19.91°. A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between the KPG index and α angle (rs = 0.635, p < 0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between the KPG index and θ angle (rs = −0.234, p = 0.206). Conclusion: The α angle showed a significant positive association with the KPG index and may represent a useful adjunctive parameter in the assessment of impacted maxillary canines. In contrast, the θ angle was not significantly associated with impaction severity. Although panoramic radiographs provide valuable diagnostic information, CBCT-based three-dimensional imaging remains the gold standard for evaluating impacted maxillary canines and supporting orthodontic treatment planning.

This study uses bibliometric analysis to examine research on financial sector efficiency in Southeast Europe (SEE) from 1998 to 2024. Using PRISMA methodology, we identified and analyzed articles that investigate the efficiency of the financial sector in SEE countries. Based on the reviewed literature, we explore key quantitative methods and approaches used in efficiency analysis and uncover opportunities and gaps for future research. The analysis reveals methodological choices, regional challenges, and differences in data availability among countries. Alongside practical suggestions, such as supporting data-sharing initiatives and encouraging methodological diversification, the study highlights the importance of recent data, interdisciplinary collaboration, and advanced mathematical techniques. These findings enhance our understanding of financial efficiency and offer researchers and policymakers recommendations for improving the stability, resilience, and integration of Southeast Europe’s financial systems.

Background: Determination of the occlusal vertical dimension, (OVD), remains one of the key challenges in prosthodontics, due to the lack of a universally accepted and sufficiently accurate method. Anthropometric approaches have been proposed as a simple and objective way to estimate OVD, although their applicability may vary across different populations. Objective: To evaluate whether selected facial anthropometric dimensions can serve as reliable predictors of OVD and to develop regression models for estimating the nasion–menton distance in a sample of the Bosnia and Herzegovina population. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included 60 subjects aged 20–45 years with preserved occlusal relationships and normal facial morphology. A total of 30 anthropometric parameters were measured using standardized techniques. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Simple linear regression was used to assess individual predictors, while multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) was applied to develop two models based on the presence or absence of intraoral landmarks. Results: All analyzed variables showed statistically significant associations with the nasion–menton distance (p<0.001), with the strongest correlations observed for bizygomatic width (r=0.947), nasion incision (r=0.895), and nasion–gingival papilla tip (r=0.891). Both regression models showed high predictive accuracy (R²=0.958 and R²=0.950), with better performance when intraoral landmarks were included. Conclusion: Selected facial anthropometric parameters can estimate the occlusal vertical dimension with high accuracy. Regression models provide a reliable approach for clinical estimation, particularly when intraoral landmarks are available.

U radu su prezentovani trendovi razvoja interne revizije u Republici Srbiji. Sa teorijskog aspekta trendovi razvoja prezentovani su kroz komparativan prikaz osnovnih specifičnosti zakonskih regulativa koje se odnose na internu reviziju na nivou različitih organizacija iz realnog sektora, sektora bankarstva, osiguranja, javnog sektora i lizinga. U praktičnom delu prezentovana je analiza trenda izdatih sertifikata ovlašćenih internih revizora u periodu od 2008. do 2025. godine. Takođe, prezentovana je analiza sertifikata ovlašćenih internih revizora prema pojedinim oblastima u kojima su interni revizori zaposleni. Najveći broj ovlašćenih internih revizora zaposlen je u okviru realnog sektora, što odgovara i rasporedu organizacija prema obaveznosti uspostavljanja interne revizije.

Abstract Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication associated with de novo gestational hypertension, proteinuria, and dysregulations in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Platelet-derived factors include various growth and differentiation factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The TGF-β type III receptor (TGFBR3), also known as betaglycan, is a co-receptor for the TGF-β superfamily and an important regulator of reproduction and fetal development. Here, we test the hypothesis whether or not TGFBR3 is involved in platelet-mediated upregulation of placental plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Perivillous fibrin deposits and PAI-1 levels were analyzed via immunohistochemistry, gene expression as well as protein expression in healthy and preeclamptic placental tissue. Placental villi and trophoblast cell line BeWo were incubated in presence or absence of washed platelets from pregnant women, platelet-derived soluble factors, or platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. Additionally, BeWo cells were treated with TGF-β-receptor inhibitors and silenced for TGFBR3 expression. PAI-1 and its encoding gene SERPINE1, as well as perivillous fibrin deposits, were significantly increased towards term of gestation and showed a significant upregulation in placental villi from preeclamptic pregnancies. Furthermore, SERPINE1 and PAI-1 were substantially upregulated in response to washed platelets and platelet-derived factors, but not to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. The upregulation of SERPINE1 was blocked to control levels with the TGF-β inhibitor P144, whereas silencing of TGFBR3 had no effect. Our results suggest that platelet-derived factors induce placental PAI-1 expression independently of TGF-β receptor 3. Increased maternal platelet activation may contribute to significantly upregulated placental PAI-1 and perivillous fibrin deposits in preeclampsia.