Eutrophication is an important threat to aquatic ecosystems world-wide, and reliable identification of areas vulnerable to phosphorus (P) losses from diffuse sources is essential for high efficiency of mitigation measures. In this three-step study we investigated (i) relationships between the agronomic (Olsen-P and P-AL) and environmental soil P tests (P-CaCl2) with molecular techniques (31P NMR and XANES) followed by (ii) rainfall simulation experiment on topsoil lysimeters and (iii) comparison to long-term field measurements of water quality. Soil samples were collected from seven sites indicated to be vulnerable to nutrient losses due to underlying geology. High P release correlated to standard agronomic P tests (Olsen P, r = 0.67; and P-AL, r = 0.74) and low P sorption capacity (r = − 0.5). High content of iron-bound P compounds indicated more labile P and higher release of dissolved P (r = 0.67). The leaching experiment showed that three out of four soils with high initial soil P status had both higher P leaching concentrations before fertilization (0.83–7.7 mg P l−1) compared to soil with low initial soil P status (0.007–0.23 mg P l−1), and higher increase in P concentrations after fertilization. Higher soil P sorption capacity reduced P leaching losses. Finally, long-term monitoring data show no significant trends in P losses in a field with low initial P content and moderate P fertilization rates whereas high and over time increasing P losses were recorded in a field with high initial soil P content and repetitively high P fertilization rates.

Essential oils are mixtures of potent compounds with biological effects, such as those with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor and/or anti-inflammatory effects. In this paper, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of different types of commercial pepper was tested. Essential oils are prepared by hydrodistillation. Polyphenol content, reduction potential and DPPH radical inhibition were analyzed. Antimicrobial activity was tested on reference strains using the diffusion technique. The analysis showed that the essential oil of black pepper has a significantly higher antioxidant potential compared to the essential oils of green and white pepper. High antimicrobial activity was also found for the black pepper essential oil sample, except in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

Objective: This study aims to compile the latest information concerning workplace stretching regimens and to give a panoramic view of their effectiveness in reducing work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods: Searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases from 2010 to 2022 found 723 eligible studies, based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: In the review, 14 included studies recruited subjects aged 18 years, with males (n=813), females (n=5141), and some research did not identify gender (n=3). The included studies were of both high (n=6) and low quality (n=8). Seven studies revealed stretching exercises to be an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention for MSDs, and one study included an active control group observed better improvement in the treatment group. Four trials showed a significant effect from stretching exercises as a stand-alone treatment. Three studies revealed that stretching exercises had a meaningful and major effect on MSDs complaints, while two studies reported no significant results when utilizing Anti-fatigue mats in addition to stretching. Conclusion: The current study indicated that stretching exercises are a crucial and useful technique for preventing and treating pain and function in Work-related MSDs affecting the neck, shoulder, back, etc. Workplace/ergonomic changes can enhance the results of stretching exercises.

The effects of diabetes can be divided into short, medium and long term and various human organ systems can be effected. The present study aimed to determine how much the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) affect the reparative ability of the body, immune response and the development of DM complications. Interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were monitored as specific indicators of inflammatory reaction and C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count (WBC) and sedimentation rate (ESR) as general markers of inflammatory reaction. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were observed as indicators of reparative ability and polyneuropathy. All interleukins were determined by ELISA and evaluated spectrophotometrically. Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) is performed for neuropathy examination. Patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into 3 groups, according to duration of diabetes mellitus. IL-6 levels correlated with clinical stage of diabetic polyneuropathy at p  = 0.025 R  = 0.402; with CRP at p  = 0.0001, R  = 0.784 as well as correlation of CRP and MNSI score ( R  = 0.500, p  = 0.034) in a group of patients with DM lasting up to 10 years. The reparative ability of the body is reduced by physiological age and ages of DM duration. The immune response is weakened in DM additionally. The dual activity of cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β1 is present in long-duration Diabetes Mellitus.

  Silver fir is one of the most important tree species not only in Bosnia and Herzegowina, but also in whole Europe. For natural regeneration of fir the most important factors are site condition, share of fir in stand and tree species composition. The aim of this study was to determine if there are statistical important differences in the number of seedlings and height increment at different competition sitations between adult trees. Study area was located at mount Bjelašnica. Data were colected on circular plots with a radius of 12.62m for trees with dbh above 5 cm, and radius 3m for regeneration layer. The competition is expressed using Hegyis competition index, where for calculation a dominant tree from each quadrant was used. We analysed total number of fir individuals in regeneration layer and height increment for categories 50-130 cm height and 0.1-5 cm dbh. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the number of for seedlings at different values of the Hegye index. Statistically significant differences were found in terms of height increment. Height increment decreased with increasing competition between trees.

Significance The extent and pace of the transition from our current fossil fuel-based economy to one based on renewable energy will strongly depend on the availability of bulk energy storage solutions. Herein, we investigate one such candidate technology, using chemical precursors which are inexpensive, abundant, and widely available, specifically cement, water, and carbon black. The energy storage capacity of these carbon-cement supercapacitors is shown to be an intensive quantity, and their high rate capability exhibits self-similarity. These properties point to the opportunity for employing these structural concrete-like supercapacitors for bulk energy storage in both residential and industrial applications ranging from energy autarkic shelters and self-charging roads for electric vehicles, to intermittent energy storage for wind turbines.

This paper discusses the problem of the appearance of the Serb ethnonym in the Balkans, as evidenced in the ninth-century Frankish Royal Annals and the mid-tenth-century Byzantine treaty De Administrando Imperio. Written evidence is analysed together with available archaeological information in order to criticize currently dominating ideas concerning the Serb migration in the seventh century, as well as to offer different perspectives on the origins of the early medieval Serb ethnonym in the Balkans.

This paper presents data on the diversity and distribution of Balkan endemic vascular plants on the Konjuh Mountain in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Konjuh is characterized by geological heterogeneity and a significant proportion of ophiolitic substrate, which supports the development of endemic-relict serpentinophytes. A total of 31 endemic and four subendemic taxa were recorded in the surveyed area. Among these, Caryophyllaceae, with five recorded endemic taxa, is the most abundant family. The analysis of life forms and chorological spectra showed a dominance of hemicryptophytes and taxa from the South European and Mediterranean-Sub-Mediterranean chorological groups. The majority of endemic and relict taxa in the surveyed area are serpentinophytes. A total of 18 recorded taxa are listed as threatened according to the Red List of Flora of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The species findings are presented with a distribution map. The distribution range of endemic and endangered taxa in Konjuh extends beyond the protected area. The results provide a list of locations of particular interest for further research and potential protection due to the diversity of endemic taxa.

We develop an algorithm to control an underactuated unmanned surface vehicle (USV) using kinodynamic motion planning with funnel control (KDF). KDF has two key components: motion planning used to generate trajectories with respect to kinodynamic constraints, and funnel control, also referred to as prescribed performance control (PPC), which enables trajectory tracking in the presence of uncertain dynamics and disturbances. We extend PPC to address the challenges posed by underactuation and control input saturation present on the USV. The proposed scheme guarantees stability under user-defined prescribed performance functions where model parameters and exogenous disturbances are unknown. Furthermore, we present an optimization problem to obtain smooth, collision-free trajectories while respecting kinodynamic constraints. We deploy the algorithm on a USV and verify its efficiency in real-world open-water experiments.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has difficulty integrating and moving closer to the goal of becoming a member of the European Union (EU). From the legal perspective, the main issue is the need to fulfil the accession criteria. The article aims to examine the relationship between the obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights and Basic Freedoms (ECHR) and the obligations related to the European Union (EU) accession process, with emphasis on Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) as an EU membership candidate country. At first sight, those two obligations are separate. However, upon close examination, a strong link between those two obligations can be established using normative research with a historical approach, statute and case-based approach. On the other hand, the constitutional system of B&H has been described as discriminatory by numerous judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and, most prominently, by the Sejdic-Finci case. B&H has difficulties implementing those judgments. Implementing those judgments is also set as one of the requirements of EU accession. Even if the two obligations seem separate at first sight, the ECHR has a special position within the law of the EU and is especially important in the accession of new Member States, including B&H. The research results show a special position of the ECHR in EU law and a link between the obligations under the ECHR and EU accession.

<p style="text-align: justify;">There are many ways to accomplish optimization of machining process. In the experimental part of this paper, the optimization of machining process is accomplished from the aspect of cutting conditions, which are independent variables (speed, feed, and cutting depth), whereas the dependent variables refer to the surface roughness, more precisely, arithmetic average of surface heights and resultant cutting force, including<br />main cutting force, feed force and thrust force. Once the matrix of the experimental plan has been created, on the basis of a complete multifactor plan with eight points, with previously determined upper, middle and lower levels of cutting parameters for turning, the experiment followed. Once the results of surface roughness were measured by perthometer, as well as results of cutting forces by dynamometer, the optimization of<br />machining process was treated by means of predetermined methodologies,<br />described in this paper.</p>

A higienização deficitária das próteses e dentes é uma das principais causas para o insucesso na reabilitação com próteses parciais removíveis a grampos (PPRG), visto que acarreta o aparecimento de lesões, como cárie, doença periodontal, estomatiteprotética, e hiperplasia inflamatória. O Projeto Prevenção em Prótese Removível (PPPR), fundado em 2014, na Universidade Federal do Ceará, tem como finalidade difundir o conhecimento acerca da higiene bucal e prevenção de doenças bucais, sobretudo para pacientes da Disciplina de Prótese Parcial Removível. Atualmente, o PPPR ampliou seu exercício atuando também em ambulatório endócrino, de transplante hepático e de transplante renal do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio. O projeto promove semanalmente reuniões, seminários internos, ações de educação em saúde nos ambulatórios e postagens de materiais de estudo nas redes sociais, além de ofertar, ao final de cada semestre, oficinas de prevenção com os pacientes da Disciplina de prótese parcial removível. O PPPR já realizou dois ciclos de palestras abertos aos acadêmicos e possui pesquisas laboratoriais e clínicas em andamento. Dado o exposto, as atividades promovidas pelo projeto têm contribuídosignificativamente para o engajamento, informação e autonomia dos pacientes acerca de sua higiene, saúde oral e cuidados com a prótese, tal como para odesenvolvimento profissional dos membros e comunidade acadêmica.

Simple Summary Peptides are ubiquitous molecules abundantly found in nature, and their diverse functions and biological activities have been extensively examined over the years. In the past, in vitro and in vivo biological effects of flaxseed oil have been well-examined and reported in numerous studies. However, the effects of many individual components from the flaxseed are yet to be examined. Cyclolinopeptides (CLPs), one of the components, have gained significant attention due to their cyclic nature and hydrophobic properties. CLPs are isolated from flaxseed and typically consist of eight, nine, or ten amino acid residues. Experimental investigations into the biological activities of CLPs began in the 1980s and early 1990s, revealing their potential therapeutic applications. In recent years, particularly, there has been interest in examining the anticancer effect of CLPs. Diverse bioactivities and potential therapeutic CLPs aspects seek novel approaches and further investigation to maximize utility. Abstract Novel therapeutic agents to combat cancer is an active area of research, as current treatment options have limitations in efficacy and tolerability. One of these therapeutic agents in our immediate environment is cyclolinopeptides (CLPs). CLPs have several advantages that make them suitable for daily consumption and potential therapeutics in cancer research. They are natural compounds, having high specificity, low toxicity, low cost, and an overall simple extraction process. Over the years, numerous in vitro studies in cancer cells demonstrated CLPs to possess anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects, as well as the ability to induce cell cycle arrest and inhibit cancer cell growth in various cancer types, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, and melanoma. This paper provides an overview of the significance and potential of CLPs as therapeutic agents, emphasizing their promising role in cancer treatment based on different cancer cell lines. The mechanism of action of CLPs in cancer cells is multifaceted. It involves the modulation of multiple signaling pathways, including inhibition of protein kinases, modulation of apoptosis-related proteins, and regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Given Krein and Hilbert spaces $\left( \mathcal{K},[.,.] \right)$ and $\left( \mathcal{H}, \left( .,. \right) \right)$, respectively, the concept of the boundary triple $\Pi =(\mathcal{H}, \Gamma _{0}, \Gamma_{1})$ is generalized through the abstract Green's identity for the isometric relation $\Gamma$ between Krein spaces $\left( \mathcal{K}^{2}, \left[ .,.\right]_{\mathcal{K}^{2}} \right) $ and $\left(\mathcal{H}^{2}, \left[ .,.\right]_{\mathcal{H}^{2}} \right) $ without any conditions on $\dom\, \Gamma$ and $\ran\, \Gamma$. This also means that we do not assume the existence of a closed symmetric linear relation $S$ such that $\dom\, \Gamma=S^{+}$, which is a standard assumptions in all previous research of boundary triples. The main properties of such a general Green's boundary model are proven. In the process, some useful properties of the isometric relation $V$ between two Krein spaces $X$ and $Y$ are proven. Additionally, surprising properties of the unitary relation $\Gamma : \mathcal{K}^{2} \rightarrow\mathcal{H}^{2}$ and the self-adjoint main transformation $\tilde{A}$ of $\Gamma$ are discovered. Then, two statements about generalized Nevanlinna families are generalized using this Green's boundary model. Furthermore, several previously known boundary triples involving a Hilbert space $\mathcal{K}$ and reduction operator $\Gamma : \mathcal{K}^{2} \rightarrow\mathcal{H}^{2}$, such as AB-generalized, B-generalized, ordinary, isometric, unitary, quasi-boundary, and S-generalized boundary triples, have been extended to a Krein space $\mathcal{K}$ and linear relation $\Gamma$ using the Green's boundary model approach.