Background: Although stoma is a crucial surgical procedure, this operation has a physical and psychosocial impact on the patient, their habits and quality of life, which they should be properly educated on. Objectives: The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of health care, key factors and problems that affect the final outcome of treatment in patients with a stoma, as well as suggestions and guidelines for improvement. Material and Methods: The results of 10 studies were reviewed including clinical trials, randomized prospective and retrospective studies published between 2011 and 2021. Results: Education of patients, their families, and medical staff is crucial in improving the quality of life of patients with stoma but also in reducing potential complications of stoma, along with stoma marking. It is also necessary to pay special attention to psychosocial problems in patients, as well as stoma problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conclusion: More needs to be invested in educating staff, patients and their families about stoma, and integrating stoma patients into society in order to improve their life quality.

The discovery of the Hat, an aperiodic monotile, has revealed novel mathematical aspects of aperiodic tilings. However, the physics of particles propagating in such a setting remains unexplored. In this work we study spectral and transport properties of a tight-binding model defined on the Hat. We find that (i) the spectral function displays striking similarities to that of graphene, including sixfold symmetry and Dirac-like features; (ii) unlike graphene, the monotile spectral function is chiral, differing for its two enantiomers; (iii) the spectrum has a macroscopic number of degenerate states at zero energy; (iv) when the magnetic flux per plaquette (ϕ) is half of the flux quantum, zero modes are found localized around the reflected "anti-hats"; and (v) its Hofstadter spectrum is periodic in ϕ, unlike for other quasicrystals. Our work serves as a basis to study wave and electron propagation in possible experimental realizations of the Hat, which we suggest.

Triangulation is a vital concern in computational geometry, and it presents the base in work with complex geometric objects. This issue is utilized in diverse fields, such as terrain modelling, finite element mesh generation, image processing, and computer vision. Constructing triangulated random network models of land contours is a well-known NP-hard problem called Minimum Weight Triangulation (MWT). As it is an NP-hard problem, the time required for an exhaustive search technique proliferates as soon as the number of points on a plane increases. In order to solve this problem, nature-inspired swarm intelligence algorithms are being exploited as efficient optimization techniques. In this paper, we have adapted the recently devised Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) approach for seeking the minimum-weight triangulation of a planar point set. We have experimented with our adjusted HHO approach on various randomly generated instances of 2D points, and the outcomes indicate that our method is robust. Our approach performs better in almost all cases than other nature-inspired algorithms.

The parameters selection process is a global combinatorial optimization problem which positively affects classification accuracy in many areas of science, especially in artificial intelligence and machine learning. In this paper, we propose a two-stage BA-SVM method, where the recent Bat Algorithm (BA) has been exploited to seek optimal parameters of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in the first phase of BA-SVM, while the One-Versus-One method has been utilized in the second phase to generate acceptable classification outcomes. The presented method is spread on standard benchmarks and compared with three techniques from the literature. Experiments show that the BA-SVM approach was superior in all cases compared to the classification methods from the literature.

This paper presents assessment of selected concept of medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) power supply system of motorway energy consumers/systems on the Pan-European motorway corridor, branch Vc, in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) through methods of reliability analyses. Assessment of selected concept is performed through comparison with different, enhanced and reduced, possible MV network and MV/LV transformer substation configurations. Comparison and analysis of different configurations have been made using of serial, parallel, serial-parallel and delta-star reliability model and Fault tree model. Objective was to confirm that selected concept offers optimized technical solution which provides reliable power supply, failure rate of the supply system as low as possible, together with relative simplicity of design. The results from the selected approach of reliability analyses indicate that this power supply concept entirely based on direct power supply from the primary transformer stations 110/x kV, which ensures two-sided MV power supply of MV/LV transformer substations and their redundant configuration provides reliable power supply of motorway consumers.

Which population factors have predisposed people to disregard government safety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and what justifications do they give for this non-compliance? To address these questions, we analyse fixed-choice and free-text responses to survey questions about compliance and government handling of the pandemic, collected from tens of thousands of members of the UK public at three 6-monthly timepoints. We report that sceptical opinions about the government and mainstream-media narrative, especially as pertaining to justification for guidelines, significantly predict non-compliance. However, free text topic modelling shows that such opinions are diverse, spanning from scepticism about government competence and self-interest to full-blown conspiracy theories, and covary in prevalence with sociodemographic variables. These results indicate that attempts to counter non-compliance through argument should account for this diversity in peoples’ underlying opinions, and inform conversations aimed at bridging the gap between the general public and bodies of authority accordingly.

The specific geographic location of Sarajevo, which is located in a valley surrounded by mountains, provides the opportunity to analyze the relation between the concentration of PM10 and meteorological parameters with and without temperature inversion. The main aim of this paper was to develop forecasting models of the hourly average of PM10 values in the Sarajevo urban area based on meteorological parameters measured in Sarajevo and on the Bjelasnica mountain with and without temperature inversion by using principal component regression (PCR). Also, this research explored and analyzed the differences in the values of the meteorological parameters and PM10 in Sarajevo with and without temperature inversion, and the difference in temperatures between Sarajevo and Bjelasnica with temperature inversion using statistical hypothesis testing with a total of 240 hypothesis tests performed. The measurements of meteorological parameters were taken from 2020 to 2022 for both Sarajevo (630 m) and the Bjelasnica mountain (2067 m), which allowed for the identification of time periods with and without temperature inversion, while measurements of PM10 were taken only in Sarajevo. Data were collected during the heating season (November, December, January, February and March). Since analyses have shown that only January and November had time periods with and without temperature inversion during each hour of the day, a total of seven cases were identified: two cases with and five cases without temperature inversion. For each case, three PCR models were developed using all principal components, backward elimination and eigenvalue principal component elimination criteria (λ<1). A total of 21 models were developed. The performance of the models were evaluated based on the coefficient of determination R2 and the standard error SE. The backward elimination models were shown to have high performances with the highest value of R2= 97.19 and the lowest value of SE=1.32. The study showed that some principal components with eigenvalues λ<1 were significantly related to the independent variable PM10 and thus were retained in the PCR models. In the study, it was shown that backward elimination PCR was an adequate tool to develop PM10 forecasting models with high performances and that it could be useful for authorities for early warnings or other action to protect citizens from very harmful pollution. Hypothesis tests showed different relations of meteorological parameters and PM10 with and without temperature inversion.

Vehicular communication is a critical technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that aims to improve transportation safety and efficiency. However, traditional radio-based systems, such as Cellular V2X (C-V2X) and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), may suffer from performance degradation in dense traffic scenarios. To address this issue, Line of Sight (LoS) technologies such as Visible Light Communication (VLC) are being explored as complementary technologies to RF.VLC utilizes LEDs on vehicles to exchange information with preceding and subsequent vehicles, allowing ITS to create a safer and less congested transportation system. Recent studies have shown that combining DSRC and VLC can minimize the performance degradation experienced by RF communication technologies.This paper highlights the need to combine RF and LoS technologies to improve the stability and reliability of V2V communication. It discusses various LoS and RF technologies and presents combinations that can be used for communication. Finally, a hybrid strategy that combines the best properties of individual technologies is proposed, demonstrating the feasibility of such a solution.

On the territory of the municipality of Bosanski Petrovac in the village of Bukovača., there is the fort on the Stražbenica hill. It is a known but unexplored locality that has been recorded in professional literature based on traces of architectural buildings, as well as movable archaeological material. To this day, it is known for its Roman coins, jewelry, fibulae, and late antique tomb and necropolis. In this context, there are accidental findings that are presented for the first time in this paper. These are coins, ceramics, horse shoes, three-edged arrows, fibulae that can be dated in a wide time interval from prehistory to late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages.