<jats:p/>

The industrial waste deposit in Žitkovac was utilized for the disposal of various metallurgical wastes, including lead refinery byproducts. This site has been contaminated for many years; despite the company maintaining records of waste disposals, weathering processes altered the waste, leading to the mixing of byproducts from lead production. Consequently, the mineralogical composition of the waste changed, and the behavior of toxic components was affected by weathering, oxidation, and penetration into the soil. To investigate this, eight characteristic samples were collected from three depths: the surface, 300 mm, and 500 mm. Specific sampling locations were chosen based on visible differences as well as the company’s records. The results indicated that lead, arsenic, and ferric compounds had penetrated the deeper layers of the soil, while copper, cadmium, and antimony remained primarily concentrated at the surface. It was noted that the gauge minerals, the agents used in refining residues, and the composition of the soil significantly influenced the behavior and penetration of pollutants within the soil column.

Cellular manufacturing represents one of the important segments in the application of the concept of Lean production, which is realized through the development and application of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). FMS represent the basis for the production system to simultaneously achieve a high level of flexibility and productivity, that is, to be considered agile. However, due to their high production and technological capabilities, prices and investment costs, they require conditions that ensure their rational exploitation. Taking into account the increasingly complex conditions of production and placement of products, a systematic approach to the design and application of FMS is necessary, which will include the most important technological and economic characteristics. In this paper, on the example of the formed technological group of gears, the methodology of process planning and evaluation of the effects of cellular manufacturing is presented, as a basis for the rational development and techno-economic application of FMS.

Background: Thanks to advancements in neonatal medicine, perinatal morbidity has been significantly reduced, but the number of high-risk neonates continues to rise. Efforts to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at an early age remain limited. The aim of this study was to analyze perinatal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal two-year study was conducted at the Pediatric Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Tuzla. The study included 151 neonates, with 99 in the test group (with known perinatal risk factors) and 52 in the control group (without risk factors). Early neurodevelopment was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Standard statistical methods were applied for data processing. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: Of the 151 neonates observed, 108 (71.5%) had normal neurodevelopment at 18 months, 29 (19.2%) had mild disorders, and 14 (9.3%) had developmental delays. In the group with suboptimal neurodevelopment, significantly more twin pregnancies, health problems during pregnancy, unnatural births, artificial fertilization, and pregnancy complications were recorded. In neonates, there were significantly more premature births, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Significant correlations were found between the mother's age and parity and delayed neurodevelopment. Additionally, correlations were found between birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, length of hospitalization, and NICU stay with neurodevelopmental delay. Gestational age and the Apgar score at 1 minute showed significant negative predictive value for neurodevelopmental delay. Conclusion: Prematurity and perinatal asphyxia remain the greatest risks for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. These factors should be the focus of continued medical research and clinical practice. Neonates at the highest risk of developmental delay and their families should be prioritized for early identification, long-term follow-up, and timely interventions.

Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a serious disease with mortality between 50 and 80 %. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of AMI. AMI should be considered for any acute abdominal pain that requires analgesia with morphine and for which no other obvious aetiology is found. CT is the main diagnostic procedure to confirm the diagnosis of AMI. There is no specific diagnostic biomarker for AMI that can be used in routine practice. AMI is an urgent diagnostic and therapeutic situation. Treatment of AMI includes a protocol combining digestive rest, curative anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antibiotic therapy, arterial revascularisation to salvage viable bowel and resection of necrotic digestive segments. The strategy of revascularisation depends on the mechanism of arterial occlusion, the morphological appearance of the lesions and the indications for exploratory laparotomy. Endovascular and open surgical techniques can be combined and complemented. Open surgical revascularisation is indicated in case of failure or impossibility of endovascular revascularisation and in case of need for laparotomy. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are the cornerstones of modern treatment to reduce the high mortality of AMI. The emergence of endovascular approaches and modern imaging techniques is developing and providing new treatment options. A multidisciplinary approach based on early diagnosis and treatment is necessary.

The development of agriculture is closely linked to technology and innovation. Drones have become a practical tool that helps improve agricultural production. This research focuses on choosing the spraying drone with the best features for the companyAgricultural goods Semberija. A multi-criteria decision-making process based on expert opinions was used to evaluate eight different drones across ten criteria. The fuzzy SiWeC (Simple Weight Calculation) method was applied to determine theimportance of each criterion, showing that all criteria were similarly important in the decision-making process. To select the best drone, the fuzzy COmpromise Ranking from Alternative SOlutions (CORASO) method was used. The results show that theDJI Agras T30 drone has the best features and is the preferred choice for purchase. These findings were confirmed by further comparative and sensitivity analyses. This study highlights the use of new methods for selecting equipment in agriculture.

Objective. The main objective of this research was to determine whether and to what extent the level of health literacy affects the reproductive health of young people. Methods. The research belongs to the group of epidemiological studies, conducted according to the type of cross-sectional study. It was carried out in the period from 1st to 17th of June, 2019.A total of 230 students of professional health studies participated in the research. The questionnaire, in addition to demo-graphic data, contained the S-TOFHLA health literacy test and specially designed questions about reproductive health. Results: Our research showed that six respondents (2.61%) had inadequate health literacy, 80 (34.78%) had marginal health literacy, and 144 (62.61%) had adequate health literacy. Greater health literacy is associated with sexual activity, number of partners and the use of anti-baby pills. Health literacy is influenced by many factors, including knowledge of reproductive health, age, gender, sociodemographic factors, economic status, level of education, and more. Insufficient promotion of sexual education in our society, potential mistrust in the official education system and the desire of respondents to independently research this area. Conclusion. More than two thirds of students show the adequate level of health literacy. Students who are older in terms of age and years of study have a higher level of health literacy. This research can serve as a starting point for the creation of new programs on reproductive health and health literacy, especially those aimed at the population of health professionals.

Background: Patients' ability to understand and apply medicines information is a prerequisite for optimal and safe use of medicines. Patients should be able to know and understand basic medicines information, either written or verbal, and calculate the prescribed dose in order to avoid health risks associated with the use of medicines. Methods and Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate medication literacy (knowledge, understanding and numerical skills regarding the use of medicines) in hospitalized orthopedic patients. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 orthopedic hospitals in Belgrade, Serbia, between September 2021 and February 2022, using medication literacy questionnaire. Results: Among 210 eligible patients, 53.3% were male, with more than 12 years of education (58.6%), who described their health (57.6%) and financial status (66.2%) as average. Most patients understood storage information (80%) and drug-food interactions (82%) in patient information leaflet (PIL). Nearly all patients (94%) understood instructions on medicine label. However, only 23.8% patients could properly interpret shelf life printed on the package. When it comes to verbal information given by pharmacist, most patients understood instructions on drug-food interactions (87%) and the use of antibiotics (78%). More than half patients (55.2%) knew that expired medicines should be returned to community pharmacy for safe disposal. In the case of missed dose, only 45% patients knew they should wait to take the next dose at the scheduled time. Regarding numerical skills, most patients could calculate maximum daily dose (86%), as well as maximum therapeutic dose (85%). Conclusions: The study indicates that written medicines information in combination with verbal instructions have proven to be understandable for most patients, but highlights a lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the proper disposal of expired medicines and missed dose. Assessment of medication literacy is a crucial for implementation of medication adherence intervention and health risks prevention.

The rapidly evolving landscape of public health challenges requires national public health associations (NPHA) to take leadership and play a multifaceted role (1). NPHAs usually serve as primary non-governmental advocates for population health and manage complex intersections of policy, education, and community engagement to address both traditional and emerging public health threats. One of their key roles is to shape strategies that promote equitable access to healthcare, thereby significantly impacting public health outcomes. NPHAs exert their influence across local, regional, and global levels, advancing global health agendas. The establishment of the Serbian Public Health Association (SPHA) in 2003 was a significant milestone in the country's public health history. SPHA added new value to traditional partnerships for public health, led by the Network of Institutes of Public Health, along with the Serbian Medical Chamber, academic institutions, United Nations agencies, Serbian Medical Society, civil society organizations, and interested groups and individuals. SPHA has been active in various public health areas, including strengthening community resilience by supporting families and visiting nurses, promoting the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, providing continuous medical education, and facilitating public dialogue on health reforms. Today, SPHA is a national, not-for-profit association of current and future public health professionals and other individuals devoted to promoting scientific evidence and multidisciplinary collaboration in health promotion and protection (2). SPHA is a permanent member of the European Public Health Association and the World Federation of Public Health Associations (3). It brings together 96 members of public health practitioners from various backgrounds and affiliations, working together to protect and improve the health of all individuals and reduce health inequalities.