The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is important in supply chain management as it optimizes goods and services delivery to customers, resulting in improved organizational productivity. This study introduces an innovative hybrid methodology integrating the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach with Clarke and Wright’s savings algorithm to tackle the capacitated vehicle routing problem. In addition to the conventional aim of optimizing truck routes, this strategy considers customer satisfaction. The initial step involves clustering all customers through the utilization of Clarke and Wright’s savings algorithm, which efficiently organizes customers into groups based on their geographical closeness. Following this, the hybrid Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Ranking Alternatives For Similarity to Ideal Solution (RAFSI) method are utilized to allocate the best routes and establish customer prioritization. The major objective of this study is to reduce overall transportation expenses while ensuring compliance with vehicle capacity limitations, aiming to improve customer satisfaction. The proposed approach seeks to balance cost-efficiency and customer-centricity in vehicle routing by including customer prioritizing and Clarke and Wright’s savings algorithm. The effectiveness and practical application of the proposed methodology are demonstrated through a case in the food industry. The obtained results using the proposed methodology give a more precise platform for decision-making and highlight its relevance for enhancing supply chain performance and addressing the intricate challenges associated with the capacitated vehicle routing problem. The hybrid technique presented in this study provides a comprehensive framework for effectively tackling the intricate challenges associated with the capacitated vehicle routing problem.

Background: Urgent surgical treatment of bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcer is indicated in cases where there is no treatment by an interventional gastroenterologist and radiologist readily available, or there is no satisfactory response to the applied interventional procedure. Objective: The aim of our study is to show that there is the still large number of patients with massive bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcers who had to undergo emergency surgery, in order to achieve hemostasis, provide survival analisys, and to present a methode of the surgical procedure which we perfomed. Methods: This study analysed 49 patients in the period of 5 years (2013-2018), who underwent emergency surgery due to bleeding ulcer. All patients had one or more gastroscopies in order to stop the bleeding, which were ineffective. Surgical treatments which are used in managing ulcer bleedings depended on the localization of the lesion and how severe the bleeding is. Indicated treatment is direct compression of a bleeding blood vessel (ulcer niche), truncal vagotomy, pyloroplasty, gastroduodenal artery ligature, ligature of the right gastroepiploic artery. Resection procedures were performed as well: antrectomy, proximal, subtotal and total gastrectomy. All surgical treatments aimed to preserve the patients of gastrointestinal tract where such an approach could be carried out. Results: There were total of 49 patients who underwent surgical treatment of bleeding ulcer of which 31 are male (63,27%) and 18 are female (36,73%). The survival was 38,78% (19 patients); mortality 61,22% (30 patients). The most common surgical treatment was direct suture of a bleeding vessel with a ligature of the gastroduodenal and right gastroepiploic artery. When we observe the results of resection procedures subtotal gastrectomy was most commonly used. Surgical procedure performed were bilateral vagotomy, ligature of gastroduodenal and right gastroepiploic artery if the ulcer is localized in the antral, pyloric or duodenal region and not penetrating showed that there is no need for gastrotomy/duodenotomy and direct suturing of the bleeding vessel significantly reduces operative procedure, and saves the patient from additional surgical trauma and allows the desired hemostasis. In 5-10% of patients with bleeding ulcers, emergency surgery is indicated due to massive bleeding and hemorrhagic shock and then surgery is the only chance of survival. The primary goal of any surgery for bleeding ulcer is to establish bleeding control. massive ulcer bleeding. All these patients did not have the opportunity to avoid surgery and stop the bleeding with the treatment of an interventional gastroenterologist and radiologist. Survival is 38.78%, mortality is still high 61.22% but it is encouraging that without the application of surgical treatment it would be 100% in this group of patients. Conclusion: Regardless of the risk posed by surgical treatment of a bleeding ulcer, it still brings the patient the only chance for life in cases when the interventional radiological and gastroenterological approach has failed or been disabled. Surgical treatment of bleeding ulcer in cases when the gastroenterological and radiological approach is insufficient or disabled - Single center experience.

The main objectives of this study were to 1) assess the following quantitative urban green space (UGS) indicators: share of UGS, total UGS per capita, and the public UGS per capita for Sarajevo and its corresponding municipalities; 2) propose the minimum area of UGS per capita and the minimum functional UGS area per capita; and 3) discuss the methodological approach used and its applicability and relevance for UGS quantity and quality assessment. UGSs were photo-interpreted based on or-thophotos and Google Satellite images and mapped manually. The total UGS area for Sarajevo is 58.5 km², with continuous green spaces present in hilly and mountainous areas of the city, whereas more built-up zones are present in flat areas. The total public UGS per capita is 28.0 m², or 9.8 m² if forest parks are excluded. The results can help in better understanding UGSs in Sarajevo and can serve as a reference for decisionmakers and policymakers.

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Effective removal of various pollutants from the environment has become one of the most important challenges of modern society. Carbon cryogels doped with nitrogen were synthesized and characterized using FTIR. All investigated materials have similar composition and structural disorder. The application of carbon cryogels doped with nitrogen for adsorption from tap water with the addition of OP pesticides gave successful results in stationary and dynamic conditions. Stationary conditions showed successful removal of aliphatic dimethoate and malathion for all tested materials, but they were less effective for aromatic chlorpyrifos. Under dynamic conditions, all materials effectively removed malathion and chlorpyrifos while showing suboptimal performance for dimethoate adsorption. The demonstrated efficiency indicates the potential application of these materials in water treatment. The toxicity of these pesticide solutions decreases over time, indicating that no more toxic products are formed.

This article addresses a sustainable approach to urban regeneration in post-communist residential neighbour-hoods in Sarajevo. The area explored is located in the municipality of Novo Sarajevo (literally, New Sarajevo), featuring well-known but somewhat controversial apartment buildings built after the Second World War, from the 1950s to the 1970s. At the time, this area epitomized the social and economic progress and expansion of the city from east to west, and it expressed the ideals of socialist modernist urban planning and architecture. More than seventy years later, following social, economic, and cultural transition after the war in the 1990s and new urban developments, this area and the city face multiple challenges, from decay to social bias. One key challenge is to adapt the residential architecture from socialist mod-ernism to meet contemporary requirements of functionality and sustainability. This research proposes the “new urban protocol” as a collaborative model combining tools and procedures for sustainable urban regeneration while focusing on reevaluating, retrofitting, and reprograming the architectural legacy of socialist modernism.

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The agriculture sector in the Republic of Serbia holds significant economic and social importance due to its substantial contribution to domestic gross domestic product (GDP) and employment of a large number of people. Agricultural products play a crucial role in Serbia's export structure. Food is one of Serbia's major export products, with a trade surplus steadily increasing since 2005. Fruit cultivation, as part of the agricultural sector, is of great importance, with domestic producers effectively utilizing natural advantages for production, thus achieving recognition and competitiveness internationally. This study aims to analyze the trends in foreign trade parameters over a decade, focusing on one agricultural product, specifically apricots. The research employs a quantitative research method using standard descriptive statistical instruments. Results indicate that Serbia maintains a trade surplus in apricots, with significant fluctuations and varying growth and decline trends in analyzed trade parameters over the period.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognise one's own and other people's emotions and adjust one's behaviour in accordance with them. Numerous studies have shown that emotional intelligence has a positive effect on job satisfaction, employee performance, interpersonal relationships, business communication and productivity. In today's fast-paced and competitive business world, the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others, becomes crucial for building professional relationships. Emotionally intelligent people cope more easily with acute and chronic stress, which directly affects mental health and work performance. Using emotional intelligence as a tool to reduce stress in the workplace, as well as to resolve conflicts that have cause-and-effect relationships, allows for a better understanding of the needs and feelings of employees. The ability to effectively manage emotions and stressful situations can significantly contribute to employee satisfaction and loyalty, that is crucial to long-term business success.

Background: Evaluated values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumeference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) increase the risk of stroke, but the extent to which this is mediated by hypertension, diabetes, lipid status, smoking and alcohol consumption is not fully understood. Objective: The aim of this research is to examine the influence of modifying and non-modifying factors as well as obesity defined through BMI, WC and WHR on the occurrence of stroke. Methods: A total of 440 subjects were included in the cohort divided in to two groups. The first group were patients with stroke and another without stroke. We investigate modifable factor for stroke (hypertension (HTA), lipid status, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, alcohol consumption, educational status) as well as WHR, BMI and WC as determinants for obesitiy. Results: The majority of respondents in both groups had a secondary level of education. Smoking and alcohol consumption were slightly more prevalent in the group without stroke, while HTA and DM were slightly more prevalent in the group with stroke, but without a statistically significant difference. The largest number of respodents without stroke had HDL cholesterol values in the range of optimal >1.5, 70.9%, while 35.5% of respodents with stroke had values in the risk range, as well as 32.3% in the high risk range. LDL cholesterol values were on average statistically significantly higher in the group of respodents with stroke - 3.77±1.29 compared to the values in respodents without stroke - 3.20±1.20. The largest WC had patients with a hemorrhagic stroke 96.4 ± 15.5 cm. The average BMI was slightly higher in the group of patients with embolic stroke (28.5 ± 2.8) compared to patients with hemorrhagic stroke (28.4 ± 5.9) and thrombotic stroke (28.1 ± 4, 2). WHR was almost identical in all three types of stroke. Conclusion: There is correlation between modifable risk factor and obesity in stroke occurence.

Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is often mentioned as one of the main causes of stroke. Currently, embolization is considered the most common mechanism that causes ischemic strokes due to atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound provides relatively inexpensive, noninvasive, real-time measurement of blood flow characteristics and cerebrovascular hemodynamics within brain arteries. The pulsatile index measured by transcranial Doppler is a parameter that indicates the degree of elasticity of the blood vessels of the brain. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the value of the pulsatile index of the middle cerebral artery and the basilar artery in patients with carotid stenosis using transcranial Doppler and the value of the pulsatile index in relation to the degree of carotid stenosis. Methods: The study involved a total of 140 patients examined at the Color Doppler and Transcranial Doppler Department of the Neurology Department of the General Hospital ”Prim Dr. Abdulah Nakas” Sarajevo The patients were divided into two groups. The research was conducted in the General Hospital “Prim. dr. Abdulah Nakas” in Sarajevo at the Department for Color Doppler and Transcranial Doppler of the Department of Neurology and included patients examined in the period from February 2022 to December 2022. All patients underwent extracranial Doppler of the carotid arteries and transcranial Doppler of the middle cerebral artery and basilar artery. Results: The mean values of PI in ACM in the total sample were statistically significantly lower in patients with stenosis up to 50% compared to the average in patients with stenosis over 50%. Average values of PI in AB in the total sample were statistically significantly lower in patients with stenosis up to 50% compared to the mean values in patients with stenosis over 50%. Conclusion: Transcranial Doppler findings showed an increased pulsatile index in patients who had carotid stenosis greater than 50% compared to patients with mild carotid stenosis. The study showed that in clinical work it would be necessary to introduce the pulsatile index as an indispensable neurosonological parameter that would be included in the findings of the transcranial Doppler and thus objectify the potential risk of a cerebrovascular ischemic event.

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