Introduction/purpose: Direct sequence spread spectrum modulation is widely used in many radiocommunications systems. At the first time, this modulation technique was used in military communications and navigation systems. Later, applications became diverse in civil communication systems as well. Today, there are many systems where direct sequence spread spectrum modulation is implemented as a part of the system. This article aims to sublimate knowledge about the direct sequence spread spectrum modulation technique and its applications. Methods: The article presents a review of the historical development of the direct sequence spread spectrum modulation technique, its principles and the most important current applications. Results: Based on a large number of references, this article summarizes the historical development, basic principles and modern applications of the direct sequence spread spectrum modulation in military and commercial communication systems. Conclusion: Direct sequence spread spectrum modulation is widely used in modern wireless and satellite radiocommunications. It is expected to be part of future global communication systems.

In nowadays business conditions, such as increased competition and the rapid market changes, companies can be distinguished by the quality of services resulting from analysis and matching opportunities with market requirements. One way is to use the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. This method has shown a significant effect in the EU countries, the USA, and especially in Japan, while in our country its use is not widespread in the quality system. From the market perspective, there are three basic product characteristics: price, quality and delivery time. These facts are used in the planning process, based on user requirements interpretation into appropriate quality characteristics for each phase of the product life cycle (marketing, planning, design, prototype development, production process testing and development, production, sales). The common goal of the entire team working on the project must be the product competitiveness on the market. This method application has led to significant improvements in solving deficiencies in planning, designing, testing and developing the production process. In this paper, we presented the QFD method application for selecting products or services that meet the quality, price, and delivery time requirements.

Henry Kissinger, one of the most influential and controversial diplomats of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, played a pivotal role in shaping the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East through his shuttle diplomacy following the Yom Kippur War. This article explores the multidimensional and layered nature of Kissinger?s strategy, grounded in the geostrategic concepts of Saul Bernard Cohen. While Kissinger?s mission aimed to end hostilities between Israel and its Arab neighbours, it also sought to counterbalance the expanding Soviet influence in the region, a critical aspect often overlooked in the existing scholarly work. By examining the geopolitics of oil, power, and influence through the lens of the Carter Doctrine, this study illustrates how Kissinger?s realpolitik not only influenced the Arab-Israeli peace negotiations but also altered the dynamics of the Cold War, thereby reshaping the course of history.

Social communities are prone to evolutionary changes that are initiated sometimes by the dominant minority, and sometimes under the influence of the quantitative energy of the oppressed minority. Partnerships have been prone to change for centuries. From the traditional patriarchal family, through the recognition of the rights of extramarital unions, and the acceptance of same-sex civil unions, in order to promote samesex marriage in the last decade. The paper deals with the review of the development and implementation of the idea of recognizing the right to marriage for same-sex couples, the global attitude towards the same with special reference to the Republic of Serbia. Namely, the Republic of Serbia does not recognize same-sex marriages, nor does it recognize them by law, no matter where they were concluded, and in this sense, the paper explains the possibilities of inheritance between same-sex partners, regardless of the fact that legal inheritance is impossible.

This research aimed to examine the applicability of the Pivot Profile (PP) technique in detecting adulteration in acacia honey from the Tuzla region, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The PP technique captured the relative meaning of descriptors and gathered free descriptions of differences between a target product and a pivot product (PVT), which served as a standard. Four pairs of samples were evaluated: original acacia honey (PVT) versus honey samples adulterated with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% fructose-glucose syrup. The sensory assessment involved 72 participants (25 women and 47 men), all acacia honey producers aged from 20 to 55 years of age. The chi-square test (ch² = 3032.37, p < 0.001) revealed significant statistical differences among values, indicating that the consumer panel effectively distinguished the samples. The chi-square test per cell was used to explore variation within the data matrix, identifying descriptors significantly differing from PVT in citation frequency. A total of 48 sensory attributes were generated (5 for appearance, 14 for odours, 4 for basic tastes, 3 for aftertastes, 16 for flavours, 2 for trigeminal effects, and 4 for texture). Correspondence Analysis (CA) was employed to visually represent sensory changes in honey samples based on adulteration levels, illustrating consumer perception of samples and attributes. CA effectively explained nearly 60% of the variability observed across the initial two dimensions, thus emphasizing the connection between sensory alterations and consumer perception. The results revealed a reduction in aroma and appearance attributes, along with occurrences of sensory defects such as off-flavours, unpleasant trigeminal effects, and altered viscosity properties. PP technique provided detailed information about each sample, assessing similarities and differences compared to PVT in a single session using multivariate techniques, contrasting with traditional trained or expert assessments. The PP technique appears promising for further exploration in vocabulary use and data analysis, not only for other honey types but also for various food products susceptible to adulteration.

Sleep deprivation is a significant contributor to various diseases, leading to poor cognitive function, decreased performance, and heart disorders. Insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, requires more effective diagnosis and screening for proper treatment. Actigraphic data and its combination with physiological sensors like electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and body temperature have proven significant in predicting insomnia using machine learning methods. Studies focusing solely on actigraphic data achieved an accuracy of 84%, combining it with other wearable devices increased accuracy to 88%, and 2-channel EEG alone yielded an accuracy of 92%, but limits scalability and practicality in real-world settings. Here we show that using the hybrid approach of incorporating both recursive feature elimination (RFE) and principal component analysis (PCA) on sleep and heart data features yields outstanding results, with the multi-layer perception (MLP) achieving an accuracy of 95.83% and an F1 score of 0.93. The top-ranked features are predominantly sleep-related and time-domain RR interval. The dependent variables in our study have been extracted from the self-report Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire responses. Our findings emphasize the importance of tailoring feature sets and employing appropriate reduction techniques for optimal predictive modeling in sleep-related studies. Our results demonstrate that the ensemble classifiers generalize well on the dataset regardless of the feature count, while other algorithms are hindered by the curse of dimensionality.