Background: Primary healthcare plays a crucial role in addressing opiate addiction, aiming to provide treatment to approximately 80 percent of affected individuals, aligning with its approach to managing other chronic diseases. An optimal scenario involves the integration of opiate substitution therapy within primary healthcare settings, enhancing accessibility for individuals struggling with addiction. For effective treatment delivery, primary healthcare facilities must be equipped with knowledgeable staff, appropriate medical equipment, and diagnostic resources. In instances where primary healthcare cannot deliver services to full capacity,  referrals to secondary healthcare facilities, particularly addiction specialist, become necessary for comprehensive examination and treatment. Methods: This study adopts a retrospective qualitative approach. It encompasses an examination of pertinent laws and regulations, analysis of opiate addiction reports and treatment documentation, and the facilitation of focus group discussions. Results: Findings from the focus group sessions illuminate prevalent challenges within primary care, indicating difficulties in managing addicted individuals coupled with negative emotional responses among staff members, underscoring the need for enhanced support and training. Conclusion: Addressing the identified gaps necessitates collaborative efforts involving secondary healthcare education, systemic reforms, and increased involvement of psychiatrists in the treatment continuum. By integrating  these measures, primary healthcare systems can bolster their capacity to effectively address opiate addiction, thereby improving outcomes and overall  community well-being.

This study investigated the effect of red corn in the feed mixture of dairy goats on production traits, blood metabolic profile, and antioxidative status. The study was conducted on 30 French Alpine dairy goats. The feed mixture for the goats in the control group (CC) contained yellow corn (100%). In the first experimental group (RC50), yellow corn was partially (50%) replaced by red corn (RC), and in the second experimental group (RC100), yellow corn was completely (100%) replaced by red corn. No significance variations (p > 0.05) were determined in production traits of dairy goats between dietary treatments. A significant increase in hemoglobin (84.43, 100.00 and 106.55 g/L), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (7.98, 9.70 and 12.54 pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (293.57, 357.50 and 462.78 g/L) was found in the RC groups, and a decrease in erythrocytes in the RC100 compared with the RC50 group of goats (from 8.71 to 10.45 × 1012 L). A significant increase in blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the RC groups was found (0.29, 0.53, and 0.44 U/mL). The results indicate maintaining production traits and a moderate effect on blood metabolic profile (most hematologic parameters) as well as a positive antioxidative effect RC.

Uvidi u konsultirane recentne izvore pokazali su povezanost doživljenog i počinjenog vršnjačkog nasilja. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se na temelju stavova osnovnoškolaca i srednjoškolaca istraže osobenosti doživljenog i počinjenog vršnjačkog nasilja u osnovnoj i srednjoj školi na području Unsko-sanskog kantona. Od istraživačkih metoda korištene su metoda teorijske analize i deskriptivno-analitički survey metod, a od istraživačkih tehnika anketiranje i skaliranje. Od istraživačkih instrumenata korišteni su Upitnik o socio-demografskim podacima i Skala vršnjačkog nasilja. Istraživački uzorak, koji je po svojoj prirodi bio slučajni stratificirani, činilo je 300 osnovnoškolaca i 300 srednjoškolaca s područja Unsko-sanskog kantona. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali: kod djece i mladih statistički značajno je veće doživljeno od počinjenog vršnjačkog nasilja; srednjoškolci su u većoj mjeri počinioci vršnjačkog nasilja od osnovnoškolaca; ispitanici muškog spola su u statistički značajno većoj mjeri doživjeli i veći su počinioci vršnjačkog nasilja od ispitanika ženskog spola; učenici sa slabijim školskim uspjehom su u statistički značajno većoj mjeri doživjeli i veći su počinioci vršnjačkog nasilja od ispitanika s boljim školskim uspjehom; djeca i mladi koji su u većoj mjeri doživjeli vršnjačko nasilje istovremeno su u statistički značajno većoj mjeri i počinioci vršnjačkog nasilja. Izveden je zaključak kako bi rezultati istraživanja mogli biti podsticaj i osnova za kreiranje i realiziranje socijalno-pedagoških programa koji bi bili u funkciji prevencije vršnjačkog nasilja.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">6G stands for the sixth generation of mobile networks, which represents the future of wireless communication. While 5G networks are still being developed and expanded around the world, the industry is already thinking about the next generation to meet the needs of the accelerated digital transformation and the demands of modern society. 6G networks will be even faster, more reliable, with lower latency and higher capacity than their predecessors. It is expected to deliver incredible data transfer speeds of terabytes per second, enabling instant downloads of large files and supporting technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other advanced applications.. One key features of 6G networks will be greater connectivity between people, machines and things, creating an intelligent network that will enable highly sophisticated communication scenarios. 6G networks are expected to provide the possibility of continuous connectivity with high quality of service, even in difficult environments such as rural areas, inside buildings or in motion. 6G networks will use multiple frequency bands, including terahertz frequencies, which will allow for greater capacity and higher data transfer speeds. It will also require advanced use of antenna systems, such as massive multiplexed antennas (Massive MIMO), in order to achieve a high degree of wireless efficiency. However, it is important to note that the 6G network is still in the research and development phase. Standardization and commercial implementation are expected only after 2030. Industry,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><strong><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Keywords</span></i></strong><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">: 6G, networks, future, IoT, transfer, industry, standardization</span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As organizations progressively integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into their operations, the role of human resource (HR) managers becomes monumental in navigating the complex landscape of AI practices and challenges. This study aimed to investigate HR managers' perceptions concerning AI meaning, its usage in daily business activities, presence of AI in HR departments, and opportunities and barriers for AI adoption.</span> </i><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The research employed a single-method approach of questionnaires to gather insights from a diverse sample of HR managers across miscellaneous medium/large enterprises. The findings revealed a nuanced perspective among HR professionals, with a spectrum of attitudes ranging from enthusiasm for AI's potential to concerns about its impact on traditional HR functions. There are a practical and theoretical aspects of this study that are relevant to every industry in determining the practices and opportunities of AI in HRM which improve efficiency, reduce various costs, enhance profitability and add value to overall business.</span></i><i></i></p>

The topic is romantic travelogues with the subject of Bosnia: descriptions andinsights into the perceived “reality” of the Bosnian area and people of the19th century presented through linguistic and stylistic means and on examples of selected travelogues from that period. New historical experiences of the writer opened the way for the emotional reception of collective practices of people, and this often leads to ahistorical conceptualization and long-lasting stereotypes. Considering that both linguistic activity and historical memory are mutual psychological processes, the diverse strategic character of the travel discourse through research shows that known cultural patterns can often deceive with their simplified form.

Traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is not a common disorder, and dermatological signs and heart failure caused by AVF are rarely reported. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman who was referred for congestive heart failure symptoms. Echocardiography revealed preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Due to edema of the right leg with a long-standing leg ulcer and palpable femoral thrill, duplex ultrasonography was performed. It showed an AVF between the right superficial femoral artery (SFA) and the right femoral vein (FV). The patient recalled a 32-year-old gunshot injury that was not medically treated. After the diagnosis of AVF she was referred to a surgeon for an AVF ligation, with subsequent resolution of her symptoms. The differential diagnosis of leg ulcer with leg edema should include the possibility of AVF as a cause.

Fentanyl and its analogues are potent opioids that pose a significant threat to society. Over the last several years, considerable focus has been on the concerning trend of increasing fentanyl usage among drug users. Fentanyl analogues are mainly synthesized to evade analytical detection or increase their potency; thus, very low concentrations are sufficient to achieve a therapeutic effect. In an effort to help combat the synthetic opioid epidemic, developing targeted mass spectrometric methods for quantifying fentanyl and its analogues at ultralow concentrations is incredibly important. Most methods used to analyze fentanyl and its analogues from whole blood require manual sample preparation protocols (solid-phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction), followed by chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection. The main disadvantages of these methods are the tedious sample preparation workflows, resulting in lengthy analysis times. To mitigate these issues, we present a targeted method capable of analyzing 96 samples containing fentanyl, several fentanyl analogues, and a common fentanyl (analogue) precursor simultaneously in 2.4 min per sample. This is possible by using a high-throughput solid phase microextraction workflow on the Concept96 autosampler followed by manual coupling of solid-phase microextraction fibers to the microfluidic open interface for tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Our quantitative method is capable of extremely sensitive analysis, with limits of quantification ranging from 0.002 to 0.031 ng mL-1 and linearity ranging from 0.010 to 25.0 ng mL-1. The method shows very good reproducibility (1-18%), accuracy (81-100%) of calibration and validation points, and good interday reproducibility (6-15%).

This study reports and discusses the results of a pilot psycholinguistic investigation into the morphome – a term created (Aronoff 1994 ) to indicate systematic relations between form and meaning in morphology which lack synchronic semantic, functional, or phonological determinants and are thereby purely morphological. Despite a general consensus (cf. Bermúdez-Otero and Luís 2016 ) on the need to approach the question of the existence and nature of morphomic structures experimentally and interdisciplinarily, there has been no study beyond Nevins, Rodrigues, and Tang ( 2015 ), which focused on the morphomic structure in Romance verb morphology identified by Maiden ( 1992 ) and labelled (arbitrarily) the ‘L-pattern’ and concluded that in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese this structure is no longer part of native speakers’ grammar. The present study has replicated, for Italian, the basic experimental design of Nevins et al . It has obtained behavioural measurements (from two experiments) including eyetracking measures (from one experiment). All these measurements converge in showing (i) a statistically significant preference for target items that are consistent with the L-/U-pattern distribution and (ii) a faster decision-making process when the L-item was chosen. We conclude that ( pace Nevins et al .) this morphomic structure is part of the internalized grammar of Italian adult speakers.

While driving, stress is caused by situations in which the driver estimates their ability to manage the driving demands as insufficient or loses the capability to handle the situation. This leads to increased numbers of driver mistakes and traffic violations. Additional stressing factors are time pressure, road conditions, or dislike for driving. Therefore, stress affects driver and road safety. Stress is classified into two categories depending on its duration and the effects on the body and psyche: short-term eustress and constantly present distress, which causes degenerative effects. In this work, we focus on distress. Wearable sensors are handy tools for collecting biosignals like heart rate, activity, etc. Easy installation and non-intrusive nature make them convenient for calculating stress. This study focuses on the investigation of stress and its implications. Specifically, the research conducts an analysis of stress within a select group of individuals from both Spain and Germany. The primary objective is to examine the influence of recognized psychological factors, including personality traits such as neuroticism, extroversion, psychoticism, stress and road safety. The estimation of stress levels was accomplished through the collection of physiological parameters (R-R intervals) using a Polar H10 chest strap. We observed that personality traits, such as extroversion, exhibited similar trends during relaxation, with an average heart rate 6% higher in Spain and 3% higher in Germany. However, while driving, introverts, on average, experienced more stress, with rates 4% and 1% lower than extroverts in Spain and Germany, respectively.

Previous biological tests have shown that some resveratrol analogs exhibited significant antioxidative and cholinesterase inhibitory potential, as evidenced by lower IC50 values compared to the established standards, resveratrol and galantamine, respectively. Photochemical transformations were made in parallel on these compounds in the presence of porphyrin photocatalysts in batch and microreactor, showing the significant advantage of flow photochemistry concerning productivity, selectivity, and yields. In this research, the products of photocatalysis and direct irradiation (photolysis) of resveratrol analogs were compared to elucidate how the types and ratios of the products depend on the excitation energy, to reveal the effects of the substituent on the photoinduced reactions and to rationalize experimentally and computationally the nature and ratio of the obtained products. Thus, two main paths were computed in agreement with the experimental results: isomerization with the participation of triplet state intermediates to yield the experimentally detected cis-isomers and subsequent cyclization following a pathway not available for the trans-isomers. The investigation of five model compounds confirmed the advantages of the flow photoreactor in the photochemical reactions of heterocyclic resveratrol analogs.

Understanding divisibility at the primary school level is a strong predictor of students’ mathematical achievements in secondary education. To correctly measure students’ understanding and achievements, a valid and reliable test is needed. This research focuses on the construction of valid and reliable test for the divisibility area studied at the primary school level. After constructing three pilot tests according to learning outcomes and standards for divisibility, and qualitative validation, tests were distributed in six primary schools, with 380 participating students (ages 12 – 13). The results were used for reliability and quantitative item analysis, and the final version of the test, which covered standards of students’ achievement and had all items of appropriate difficulty and discriminative validity, was created. This test can be used by mathematics teachers in classrooms but also in large scale testing, like state or international testing.

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Introduction: Many studies have examined values of crestal bone loss according surgical techniques, time of implant placement (immediate post-extraction or after alveolar socket healing), platform switching or convectional platform, surface of the implant, functional loading (immediate or delayed), etc. Methods: This study analyzed a total of 443 dental implants on 115 images: 161 Bredent blueSKY dental implants and 282 Ritter spiral dental implants. All images were taken at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Sarajevo: before implantation and after 1 year of functional loading. Crestal bone loss was measured on the mesial and distal side of each implant from the coronal portion of the abutment to the noticeable margin of the alveolar bone. Results: There is statistically significant differences between Bredent blueSKY and Ritter spiral dental implants regarding mesial (p < 0.001, df = 441, tstat = −64.22) and distal (p < 0.001, df = 441, tstat = −151.21) bone losses. Conclusion: Platform switching dental implants showed more bone loss on the mesial and distal side of implant than dental implants with conventional platform.