<p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Inadequate postoperative analgesia can affect the functioning of almost all organ systems and significantly increase morbidity and mortality. The aim of study was to analyze and assess response of patient&rsquo;s painful sensations caused by surgical intervention in early stage of acute postoperative pain. <strong>Methods.</strong> This paper presents a prospective study that follows the reaction of the patient 24 hours postoperatively after different surgical procedures. The only criterion for patient&rsquo;s inclusion in the study was the need for elective surgical intervention. As a source of data used were medical records with complete medical documentation. <strong>Results.</strong> The study included 126 patients. The group is divided into three subgroups: I - gallbladder surgery, II - resection of the stomach and intestines, III - surgery of hernia abdominal wall. The same analgesics are ordained postoperative: noraminofenazon, and ketoprofen. The severity of pain and testing treatment effect was carried out peacefully, at regular intervals by the appropriate scale for the assessment of the strength and quality of pain. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> At the time of the need for analgesic patients on a scale of pain showed a value of 6,84 to 7,14 (VAS - visual analog scale). Homeostatic values of variables in the early postoperative period, it remained within normal values. Administration of analgesics &ldquo;at the request&rdquo; of the patient not achieved satisfactory analgesia, because the first postoperative day the patients will have a severe pain (VAS - 7).</p>

<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>The Delphi technique is a procedure where a panel of experts distributes questionnaires and collects back information for the purpose of coming to a group consensus on a specified topic. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the Delphi technique in determining educational needs of family physicians and nurses.<strong> Methods. </strong>The first group of participants included 12 doctors and 24 nurses, employed at the Health Center Foča. The second group of participants included 17 doctors and 31 nurses, employed at the Health Center Pale. In the research the Delphi technique with three iterative questionnaires was used. <strong>Results.</strong> The doctors and nurses in both groups came to consensus about the topics, methodology and lecturers. In both groups, the case survey and practical demonstrations had the greatest mean value while only 13% of the participants indicated the traditional didactic methods. At the Health Center Pale they did not come to consensus about the kind of supervision. At the Health Center Foča they did not come to consensus about the method of evaluation. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The Delphi technique is a flexible and quick method of investigation which can be used for analyzing educational needs. This technique becomes more valid and effective in as much as the group of experts are able to follow and analyze the information until they come to a consensus. Continuing education for doctors and nurses should be based on problem-oriented learning instead of the traditional didactic method.</p>

<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. WHO estimates that more than 2 billion persons have been infected with HBV (including 350 million chronically infected). The aim of this study was to investigate the students&rsquo; knowledge and attitudes about HBV infection at the Medical Faculty Foca. <strong>Methods.</strong> The study was conducted among 37 students of the third year, 22 of the fifth year and 18 of sixth year at the Medical Faculty in Foca from November to December 2007. The students were interviewed by the anonymous survey. <strong>Results.</strong> Most of the examined students (96.1%) know that hepatitis B virus can be passed through sexual contact. Only 17% of the students have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The main reason for not getting vaccinated for 75.4% medical students was the unavailability of the vaccine. Almost all participants (92.2%) believe that all medical students should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Our results suggest that the students&rsquo; knowledge about HBV infection is on average level. Only 17% of students have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The main reason for that is the unavailability of the hepatitis B vaccine.</p>

In this paper, we analyze the ratios of the numbers of paths p i ( G ) and p j ( G ) of different length in graph G . Namely, we are interested in the extremal values of these ratios for acyclic and cyclic graphs with given maximal degree. The values of infinum and supremum for graphs with given maximal degree are obtained. Also, the infinum of these ratios for trees with given maximal degree are obtained. Suprema for trees of given maximal degree are given when ratios of paths of length 1 and 2 are observed, and when ratios of paths of lengths 1 and 3 are observed. As the main result, a linear algorithm (in terms of maximal degree) for finding suprema of the ratios of the numbers of paths of length 2 and 3 for trees with given maximal degree is presented.

Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly in which the caudal and basal segments of the left and right lungs are joined together behind the pericardium at the height of cardiac apex. Most patients with horseshoe lung have many other cardiovascular anomalies typical of the scimitar syndrome or the hypogenetic right lung syndrome. We report on a patient with horseshoe lung not associated with scimitar syndrome, but presented with a focal diaphragmatic herniation of the liver, such as never reported before in case of horseshoe lung without associated scimitar syndrome.