Abstract 3D - Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT) for decades was a standard technique in the prostate cancer radical radiotherapy treatment. Technological advances and implementation of an innovative radiotherapy technique-Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), enable even more precise treatment of the prostate cancer patients. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is a technological advancement in Conformal Radiotherapy which allows superior conformity and homogeneity of the absorbed dose in planning target volume with maximal sparing organs of risk. This technique gives us possibility to escalate the radiotherapy dose, prerequisite for the adequate local tumor control. Evaluation of dosimetric parameters 3DCRT vs. IMRT: the homogeneity index, the conformity index, parameters of absorbed dose in planning target volume, dose volume constraints for organs of risk shows that IMRT is an optimal technique in the prostate cancer radical treatment.

Introduction: Until recently, gastric cancer represented the most common visceral neoplasm. In Japan, the prevalence of disease is 58.4 per 100,000 inhabitants for men and 29.9 for women. Here, the incidence is lower. Gastrectomy is the most common surgical method of treating carcinomas of the stomach. Aim of the Study: To determine which method of reconstruction after gastrectomy improves the quality of life optimally. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 221 patient operated on for gastric cancer at the Surgical Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Banja Luka, and the subject of a detailed analysis of the 111 patients who were operated with the intention of achieving curability. Results: Reflux esophagitis is dominant modality in reconstruction wth omega loop (p <0.05). Analyzing GIQLI, we found dominant modality GIQLI II in the total gastrectomy and reconstruction options RY, while predominantly GIQLI III was registered in HLR reservoir reconstruction method (p <0.01). And two hours after the ingestion of a meal labeled with a radioisotope Tc99m in artificial gastric reservoir (HLR) showed signs of radioactivity (about 10% amount). “H0 performance” (AJCC / UICC) was the most frequently recorded in subtotal gastrectomy, while there was significant appearance of “H1” and “H2” modalities with the total gastrectomy statistically. In RY reconstruction, statistically significant was participation modalities “H1”, while “H1” performance (AJCC / UICC) was the dominant modality at the HLR options reconstruction with statistically significant frequency of occurrence (p <0.01). Conclusion: The results of the assessment of quality of life are comparable with the results of other statistical series. They confirm antireflux component Roux en Y reconstructions and its intestinoplications and highlight the advantage of the nutritional components loop modifications (creation pouch-a).

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) play a complex role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We compared (1) the histopathological findings in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and aortoiliac occlusive disease (AOD); (2) the expression of MMP-2/MMP-9 and TIMP-1/TIMP-2 in aortic layers, inflammatory cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), aiming to identify the common underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the disease development. Samples were obtained from 30 patients with AAA and 30 with AOD. Aortic histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate inflammatory changes and MMP and TIMP expression. Thrombosis and ulceration were more frequent in AOD than in AAA. The MMP-9 expression was elevated in all aortic layers of AAA patients and in media/adventitia of AOD patients, mainly followed by lower expression of its inhibitor TIMP-1. Higher MMP-9 expression was also found in SMCs and macrophages of both AAA and AOD specimens, while higher TIMP-1/TIMP-2 were Received May 3, 2017. Accepted February 3, 2018. The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Srpska. Corresponding author: Snezana Pejic, “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia. Phone: (+381) 11 3408 303; Fax: (+381) 11 64 555 61; e-mail: snezana@ vin.bg.ac.rs. Abbreviations: AAA – abdominal aortic aneurysms, AOD – aortoiliac occlusive disease, ECM – extracellular matrix, HE – haematoxylin-eosin, HP – histopathological, MMPs – matrix metalloproteinases, SMCs – smooth muscle cells, TIMPs – tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. predominantly observed in the lymphocytes and macrophages of the aneurysm. These results showed that both conditions exhibited increased MMP-9 expression; however, the MMP expression pattern differed to some degree between the aneurysms and occlusive disease. The variations in molecular mechanisms underlying dilatative/stenosing disease warrant further investigation.

Background: To prove the frequency of thrombocytosis in patients with cancer, and the importance of anticoagulant therapy. Thrombocytosis represents an elevated platelet count of more than 350,000/mm 3 which is one of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Methods: This study has analyzed 146 patients who were hospitalized at the Oncology Clinic of the University Clinical Centre, Banja Luka and the Day Oncology Hospital “S.tetik”, Banja Luka in the period between 2009 and 2014. These were patients with breast tumor, gastrointestinal or gynecological malignancies. Thrombocytosis was detected in 38 patients in the moment of diagnosing. All examinees were analyzed by sex, age, primary site of tumor, presence of comorbidity, relevant laboratory analyses, clinical stage of the disease (metastatic or localized disease). Results: In the observed sample of 146 patients, thrombocytosis was detected in 38 patients in the moment of diagnosing the disease (26%). Through the follow-up, DVT (deep venous thrombosis) was found in 13 patients (34.2%) and anticoagulant therapy was administered. Out of patients who were not on anticoagulant therapy because they had no thrombotic manifestations (25 patients, 65.8%), 2 ended up experiencing the development of a clinical presentation of massive pulmonary embolism with fatal outcome. Conclusions: The occurrence of thromboembolism significantly increases morbidity and mortality, as well as the total cost of treating cancer patients. Regardless of the fact that cancer patients are at a high risk of thromboembolic events, thromboembolic prophylaxis has not been adopted as a standard therapeutic modality because of potential bleeding.

BACKGROUND/AIM In prostate tumors, angiogenesis, measured as microvessel density, is associated with tumor stage and Gleason score. The aim of this study was determine neovascularization of prostatic adenocarcinomas in core biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies. METHODS The study population included 61 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate carcinoma patients and did not receive chemohormonal, or radiation therapy before surgery. Tumor blocks were immunostained using the endothelial-specific antibody CD31 and subsequently evaluated at x 400 magnification in both biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies. RESULTS When comparing microvessel density in core biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies, no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.1). A statistically significant positive correlation was found when determining correlation between microvessel density (as linear and categorical variable, i.e., with the cut-off value of 48) that was associated with the Gleason score (p < 0.05) and tumor stage (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between microvessel density and preoperative values of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p > 0.1). CONCLUSION Microvessel density can be reliably applied to needle prostate biopsy specimens. Quantification of the microvascular density in biopsies is an accurate pre-operative predictor of tumor stage, discriminating between organ-confined and organ-extending neoplasms.