Background: Observational and experimental studies consistently show that physical activity supports improvements in both physical and mental health. Various exercise modalities have been proposed as intervention protocols, ranging from aerobic training to traditional Eastern relaxation practices that incorporate elements of physical movement. Objective: The aim of this article was to analyze and synthesize evidence on the impact of different forms of physical activity on psychological stress and related symptoms of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers. Methods: A focused PubMed search was conducted for studies published in the last five years addressing physical activity interventions targeting stress, anxiety, or depression in healthcare workers. Both randomized and non-randomized intervention studies, pilot trials, and relevant systematic reviews were included to provide a descriptive synthesis because of heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes. Results: A review of PubMed-indexed studies published in the past five years identified 7,475 articles exploring the relationship between physical activity and stress levels in diverse populations. Of these, 284 studies specifically examined healthcare workers, with 72 addressing these outcomes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions included aerobic exercises, yoga, tai chi, qigong, and other movement-based relaxation techniques, with considerable variation in session duration, frequency, and follow-up periods. Reported outcomes varied, but most studies demonstrated reductions in perceived stress and improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms. Several studies suggested that more intensive exercise protocols may be less effective, while shorter and lower-intensity interventions often produced stronger psychological benefits. Conclusion: Various forms of physical activity can effectively reduce stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers. Interventions do not necessarily need to involve high-intensity or long-duration activity to achieve meaningful improvements. Short, low-intensity protocols may represent a feasible and beneficial resource for supporting the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have unprecedented and unforeseeable consequences, from those on a worldwide/global level to those at the local level–at the level of local communities and families, and individuals (and not just humans, but all other living beings), of which the future will testify in various ways. Objective: This work presents principles of treatment health care protection of people who has consequences of the colaps of helatcare sytem in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) during Corona pandemic time and proposals how to make it better, with a focus on indications and restrictions for use different methods of education medical staff and how to improve therapeutic modalities by professional staff by education with new ICTs. Methods: System analysis of Public health sector in BiH which has felt down as consequences of great influence of rough political system generaly and at Cantonal and Community levels need to be meta analized by publich health care experts and by most influential health managers who can help to improve distroid current Health Care System at all levels, from Primary to Terciray level of ih heakth care protection. Results: The health system in BiH was unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. The unpreparedness of the health system varied in individual areas. The reasons for the unpreparedness of the health system in responding to the pandemic are the organization of the state of BiH by the Dayton Peace Agreement, according to which the health system is fragmented and regulated by law, without the possibility of its harmonization, coordination and interconnection. This pandemic period has clearly shown that “public health” as a medical discipline has been and remains a peripheral concern of society, that is, it has always been put on the back burner. The reason for this is the constant favoring of clinical disciplines, which is not disputed as a need, but this situation has shownhow much public health is needed and called upon when solving such pandemics, which have become a planetary problem. Proof of the previous statement is the very small number of epidemiologists and social medicine specialists in BiH. Conclusion: The response of the health system of BiH as a whole to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic was inadequate, untimely, unprepared, unprofessional, chaotic, misinformed and with a lot of politicking, quasi-leadership and, in the end, it will turn out to be influenced by crime. This led to a high rate of illness and death, led to a great burden on the unprepared health system and setbacks in economic and social terms.

U radu se upoređuju tri metode za estimaciju i kompenzaciju poremećaja u diskretnim sistemima sa kliznim režimom (KR). Prva metoda koristi Luenbergerov opserver poremećaja, druga - nominalni model upravljanog objekta, a treća - integral signala klizne funkcije. Cilj rada je da pokaže ekvivalentnost navedenih metoda u primeni na diskretne sisteme upravljanja sa KR u nominalnim uslovima na jednostavnom sistemu upravljanja objektom prvog reda tipa čistog integratora. Poseban doprinos rada je modifikovani estimator poremećaja koji kombinuje Luenbergerov estimator sa estimatorom na osnovu integrala klizne funkcije. Teorijski rezultati su ilustrovani simulacionim eksperimentima.

Background: The clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) depend on the localization of the damaged region in the brain. Cognitive functions are often impaired following a stroke. Initially, CVD was referred to as atherosclerotic dementia, and was distinguished from senile dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how stroke severity and localization influence the development of vascular dementia (VD) and to identify which cognitive functions are impaired in certain types of VD. Methods: This prospective study included patients with acute stroke who were hospitalized at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over a one-year period. Patients were divided into the following groups: dementia of strategic infarct (DSI), cortical dementia (CD), subcortical dementia (SCD), haemorrhagic dementia (HD) and non-demented patient (NDP). Stroke localization, side and number of lesions were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 stroke patients were analyzed, of whom 190 (69%) were diagnosed with some type of VD. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of dementia per point increase in NIHSS on admission was 1.131 (95% CI; 1.056 – 1.210). CD was more common in patients with right hemisphere lesions (p<0.000), whereas SCD was more frequent in those with bihemispheric lesions (p<0.0001). All assessed cognitive functions were significantly associated with CD and SCD (p<0.000). Visual perceptual (p=0.007) and visual constructive (p=0.016) functions were significantly impaired in patients with DSI. Executive functions were significantly impaired in all demented patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Stroke localization has a significant impact on the development of vascular dementia. All analyzed cognitive functions are significantly impaired in cortical and subcortical dementia. Visual perceptual and visual constructive functions are particularly impaired in patients with dementia of strategic infarct.

Background: Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that affects language comprehension and production, typically occurring after brain damage. It is a frequent clinical manifestation of both benign and malignant brain tumors, particularly when lesions are localized in language-dominant areas. Objective: To assess the prevalence and characterize the types of aphasia in patients with intracranial tumors, emphasizing its clinical significance and the importance of early speech-language evaluation. Methods: This prospective study included patients with confirmed brain tumors diagnosed through neuroimaging (CT or MRI of the neurocranium), who were hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, over a one-year period. Patients with pre-existing aphasia of any etiology, as well as those who had not acquired reading and writing skills, were excluded. All assessments were performed prior to surgical intervention using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 25 patients (27.5%). The most common type was anomic aphasia in 10 patients (40%), followed by Broca’s aphasia in 7 patients (28%), transcortical motor aphasia in 3 patients (12%), and transcortical sensory aphasia in 1 patient (4%). The highest number of patients with aphasia had tumors localized in the left temporal lobe, followed by the parietal and temporoparietal regions. Conclusion: Aphasia is a common clinical finding in patients with intracranial tumors, affecting more than one-quarter of the studied population. The distribution of aphasia types is consistent with the localization of lesions in language-dominant areas, particularly the left temporal lobe. Early recognition and detailed speech-language assessment are essential for timely intervention, rehabilitation planning, and optimizing functional outcomes.

This paper examines the implementation of Industry 4.0 elements in enhancing the quality of cables and connectors in the automotive industry, with a focus on meeting ISO 16949 requirements. Modern quality control solutions are presented, including smart sensors, digital twins, and predictive analytics. Special emphasis is placed on multi-stage testing methods and process digitalization for quality monitoring. Through a case study from the company Leoni, the impact of QRQC, Q4.0, and Q-Loop systems on defect reduction in the production of BMW components is analyzed. The paper demonstrates how the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies enhances reliability, efficiency, and compliance with automotive industry standards.