Aim To examine how the experience of genocide in Srebrenica in the early childhood (ages 1-5) influences the psychological health in adolescence. Methods This study included 100 school-attending adolescents, age 15-16 (born in 1990-91) who were divided in two groups according to the place of residence from 1992-1995: the Srebrenica group – adolescents who lived in Srebrenica during the siege and the non-Srebrenica group who lived in the “free territory,” were not wounded, and experienced no losses. We used the socio-demographic questionnaire created for the purposes of our study and the War Trauma Questionnaire, Posttraumatic Stress Reactions Questionnaire, Self-report Depressive Scale (Zung), Freiburg Personality Inventory, and the Lifestyle Questionnaire. Results Srebrenica adolescents experienced significantly more traumatic experiences (14.26 ± 3.11 vs 4.86 ± 3.16, P < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in the total score of posttraumatic stress reactions and intensity of depression between the two groups, significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress reaction were noticed for several specific questions. The most prominent defense mechanisms in both groups were projection, intellectualization, and reactive formation. Srebrenica adolescents had higher sociability levels (34.7% vs 16.0%, χ2 = 7.231, P = 0.020). Conclusion Srebrenica adolescents reported significantly more severe PTSD symptoms and significantly greater sociability. Our findings could be used for planning treatment and improving communication and overcoming traumas in war-affected areas.

Bilingualism of a deaf child implies concurrent cognition and usage of sign language, as community language and oral-voice language as language of greater community in which deaf persons live. Today, most authors consider that deaf persons should know both of these languages and that deaf persons need to be educated in both languages, because of their general communication and complete psycho-social development. Through research on sample of 80 deaf examinees, we affirmed the kind of relation that deaf persons have towards bilingualism, bilingual way of education and communication. The research results have shown that bilingualism and bilingual way of education and communication is acceptable to deaf persons and that there is no statistically significant difference between the sub-samples of examinees.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do enxerto osseo corticoesponjoso na osteogenese em falha cortical ulnar de galinhas domesticas. Foram utilizadas 18 galinhas, com aproximadamente 70 semanas de idade e peso corporeo medio de 2,5kg. Criou-se uma falha ossea na porcao diafisaria media da ulna em ambas as asas, sendo a direita utilizada como grupo-controle (grupo I) e a esquerda como grupo-tratado (grupo II). As aves foram subdivididas aleatoriamente em quatro subgrupos de acordo com o periodo de observacao (14, 35, 60 e 90 dias). No grupo II, dois fragmentos osseos da carena do esterno foram retirados, seccionados e implantados na falha ossea. Ao termino do periodo de observacao de cada subgrupo, as aves foram abatidas com tiopental sodico para realizacao dos exames histopatologico e radiografico post-mortem, com classificacao dos resultados em escala semiquantitativa (escore). O grupo II demonstrou osteogenese mais evidente aos 35 e 90 dias de pos-cirurgico (P<0,05). Ao comparar os grupos I e II, sem levar-se em consideracao o tempo de observacao, foi possivel observar que houve diferenca estatistica significativa (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o enxerto osseo corticoesponjoso demonstra potencial osteogenico satisfatorio na especie estudada, entretanto retarda o tempo de remodelacao ossea quando aplicado sobre falhas estaveis pequenas.

Due to its simplicity, the Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson (BKW) equation of state has been used in many thermochemical codes in the calculation of detonation properties. Much work has been done in the calibration of the BKW EOS parameters to achieve agreement with experimental detonation velocities and pressures thus resulting in many different sets of BKW constants (α, β, κ and θ) and covolumes of detonation products, with varying levels of accuracy over broad density limits, i.e. broad pressure limits. The covolumes of the product gases in BKW EOS may be regarded as measures of intermolecular interactions, and their values should affect the predicted detonation properties, particularly at higher explosives densities. This work aims to study the effect of covolumes on calculated values of detonation parameters. Several sets of covolumes available from literature and derived by different methods (matching experimental Hugoniots of individual products, by stochastic optimization, and calculated from van der Waals radii), were studied. In addition, the covolumes of the product gases were also calculated by ab initio methods. The effect of covolumes is studied comparing detonation properties calculated using different sets of covolumes, and experimental data for a series of standard CHNO explosives. It was found that it is possible to reproduce experimental detonation velocities and pressures within reasonable accuracy (root mean square error of less than 5 % for all tested sets) using different set of covolumes, and simultaneously optimizing constants in BKW EOS. However, different values of covolumes strongly affect the composition of detonation products at the Chapman-Jouguet state. It particularly applies to oxygen-deficient explosives and at higher densities, where formic acid appears to be an important detonation product.

Background and purpose Total Hip Replacement (THA) is one of the most successful and cost-effective operations. Despite its benefits, marked ethnic differences in the utilization of THA are well documented. However, very little has been published on the influence of ethnicity on outcome. We investigate whether the outcome—in terms of reoperation within 2 years or revision up to 14 years after the primary operation—varies depending on ethnic background. Methods Records of total hip arthroplasties performed between 1992 and 2007 were retrieved from the Swedish Hip Arthropalsty Registry and integrated with data on ethnicity of patients from 2 demographical databases (i.e. Patient Register and Statistics Sweden). The first operated side in patients with THA recorded in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR) between 1992 and 2007 were generally included. We excluded patients with 1 Swedish and 1 non-Swedish parent and patients born abroad with 2 Swedish parents. After these exclusions 151,838 patients were left for analysis. There were 11,539 Swedish patients born outside Sweden. We used a Cox regression model including age, sex, diagnosis, type of fixation, whether or not there was comorbidity according to Elixhauser or not, marital status and educational level. Results The mean age was lowest in the group of patient coming from outside Europe including the former Soviet Union (61 years), and highest in the Swedish population (70 years). Before adjustment, for covariates, patients born in Europe outside the Nordic countries showed a lower risk to undergo early reoperation (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97), which increased after adjustment to (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–1.01). Before adjustment, patients born in the Nordic countries outside Sweden and those born outside Europe (including the former Soviet Union) showed a higher risk to undergo revision than patients born in Sweden (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.27; HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9), but this difference disappeared after adjustment for covariates. Conclusion We did not find any certain differences in reoperation within 2 years, or revision within 14 years, between patients born in Sweden and immigrants. Further studies are needed to determine whether our observations are biased by the attitude of health providers regarding performance of these procedures, or by a reluctance of certain patient groups to seek medical attention should any complications requiring reoperation or revision occur.