The saddle-point solutions for strong-laser-field-induced high-order above-threshold ionization, the complete classification of which was recently presented in , are considered classically. In the limit of vanishing ionization potential the system of saddle-point equations simplifies, allowing a semi-analytical treatment. For a monochromatic field, the analytical nonlinear equations obtained this way allow one to determine the maximum (cutoff) photoelectron energies for the backward- and forward-scattering saddle-point solutions for all values of the multi-indices introduced by our classification scheme. These cutoffs are determined for all photoelectron momenta and it is shown how the backward-scattering solutions from one half of the momentum plane are related to the forward-scattering solutions from the other. The case of a bichromatic linearly polarized field is analyzed in detail. The results are rederived with the help of a simple graphical method, which can be used to qualitatively discuss the effect of varying the field parameters. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

This article provides an overview of Direct Energy Deposition – Arc technology (DED-Arc), also known as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), which involves the deposition of metal wire using an arc power source and a CNC or robotic manipulator. The high deposition rate of WAAM justifies its use for the manufacturing of small to large-size components with lower resolution and less complex geometry. However, the use of wire as feedstock in the WAAM process has certain advantages and disadvantages, which are explained in detail. The WAAM specialties are in-situ alloying and the production of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Various sensors, path planning, process control, and FEM simulation from WAAM are used to reduce material and energy consumption and make the process more sustainable. Post-processing techniques are also discussed as a method of improving the quality of the final product. Finally, the prospects of the WAAM process are presented.

Objectives Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools can enhance the quality and efficiency of medical research, but their improper use may result in plagiarism, academic fraud and unreliable findings. Transparent reporting of GAI use is essential, yet existing guidelines from journals and institutions are inconsistent, with no standardised principles. Design and setting International online Delphi study. Participants International experts in medicine and artificial intelligence. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure is the consensus level of the Delphi expert panel on the items of inclusion criteria for GAMER (Rreporting guideline for the use of Generative Artificial intelligence tools in MEdical Research). Results The development process included a scoping review, two Delphi rounds and virtual meetings. 51 experts from 26 countries participated in the process (44 in the Delphi survey). The final checklist comprises nine reporting items: general declaration, GAI tool specifications, prompting techniques, tool’s role in the study, declaration of new GAI model(s) developed, artificial intelligence-assisted sections in the manuscript, content verification, data privacy and impact on conclusions. Conclusion GAMER provides universal and standardised guideline for GAI use in medical research, ensuring transparency, integrity and quality.

This study presents a digital twin approach to quantifying the durability and failure risk of concrete gravity dams by integrating advanced numerical modelling with field monitoring data. Building on a previously developed finite element model for dam–reservoir interaction analysis, this research extends its application to the assessment of existing, fully operational dams by using digital twin technology. One such case study of a digital twin is given for the concrete gravity dam, Salakovac. The numerical model combines finite element formulations representing the dam as a nonisothermal saturated porous medium and the reservoir water as an acoustic fluid, ensuring realistic simulation results of their interactions. The selected finite element discrete approximations enable the detailed analysis of the dam failure mechanisms under varying extreme conditions, while simultaneously ensuring the consistent transfer of all fields (displacement, temperature, and pressure) at the dam–reservoir interface. A key aspect of this research is the calibration of the numerical model through the systematic definition of boundary conditions, external loads, and material parameters to ensure that the simulation results closely align with observed behaviour, thereby reflecting the current state of the ageing concrete dam. For the given case study of the Salakovac Dam, we illustrate the use of the digital twin to predict the failure mechanism of an ageing concrete dam for the chosen scenario of extreme loads.

In competitive organizations and projects, assessing risks related to human capital is essential for improving workplace conditions and ensuring project success. This study evaluates primary, secondary, and residual human capital risks in urban water transfer projects using an innovative hybrid DEMATEL–MARCOS approach. The DEMATEL method was employed to analyze causal relationships and interdependencies among risks, while the MARCOS method ranked their significance. The key findings reveal that “accidents during material transportation” (primary risk), “corrosion” (secondary risk), and “pipeline pressure” (residual risk) are the most critical factors influencing human capital in such projects. The study provides a structured framework for prioritizing risk mitigation strategies, offering actionable insights for policymakers and project managers to enhance safety, efficiency, and workforce well-being. By integrating multi-criteria decision-making techniques, this research bridges a gap in the water industry’s risk management practices and contributes to safer, more sustainable infrastructure development.

Introduction The aim of the TALENT project is to promote equality in education, prevent exclusion, support dual careers (sport and school), create new role models for the benefit of young talents and prepare them for lifelong learning and professional sport from an early age. It is promoted by a European consortium of 7 partner institutions and runs from December 2022 to May 2025. It consists of five work packages. In the first work phase, developing the WP2 (from December 2022 to October 2023), under the coordination of UNIPA, NIS University, KMOP and EAS standards for talent recognition were identified and validated. Methods Initially, 12 focus groups were conducted with teachers (77 teachers) and coaches (73 coaches) on creating talent identification standards; subsequently, workshops were held with dual career experts to validate these standards. This was a key piece of work that enabled the establishment of clear guidelines and protocols to identify and support talented young people in their dual careers. Results A final list of 41 shared statements was identified: 20 related to teachers and 21 related to coaches. For example, teachers emphasized the need for multidisciplinary approaches and early identification of talent, while coaches underlined the importance of psychological readiness and collaboration with schools and families. Discussion These statements not only provide structured reference points for talent identification but also highlight actionable needs across educational and sport systems. As such, they represent a solid foundation for developing standard operating procedures in talent recognition and dual career support.

Pertaining to goal orientation and achievement, agency is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and behavior. Accordingly, detecting and quantifying linguistic encoding of agency are critical for the analysis of human actions, interactions, and social dynamics. Available agency-quantifying computational tools rely on word-counting methods, which typically are insensitive to the semantic context in which the words are used and consequently prone to miscoding, for example, in case of polysemy. Additionally, some currently available tools do not take into account differences in the intensity and directionality of agency. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we present BERTAgent, a novel tool to quantify semantic agency in text. BERTAgent is a computational language model that utilizes the transformers architecture, a popular deep learning approach to natural language processing. BERTAgent was fine-tuned using textual data that were evaluated by human coders with respect to the level of conveyed agency. In four validation studies, BERTAgent exhibits improved convergent and discriminant validity compared to previous solutions. Additionally, the detailed description of BERTAgent's development procedure serves as a tutorial for the advancement of similar tools, providing a blueprint for leveraging the existing lexicographical data sets in conjunction with the deep learning techniques in order to detect and quantify other psychological constructs in textual data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

We develop a practical method for constructing canonical sets of root and pole cancellation functions for a matrix-valued function $Q(z)$ that is meromorphic on the extended complex plane $\bar{\mathbb{C}}:=\mathbb{C} \cup \left\{ \infty \right\}$. This method is applied to solve a nonlinear system of $n\in \mathbb{N}$ differential equations of order $l\in \mathbb{N}$ with $n $ unknown functions $u_{i}\left( t \right)$, where $i=1,\, \mathellipsis ,\,n $. In addition, for a function $Q\in \mathcal{N}_{\kappa}(\mathcal{H}) ,\, \kappa \in \mathbb{N} \cup \lbrace 0 \rbrace$, with a pole at infinity of order $m \in \mathbb{N}$, we establish the following factorization \[ Q(z)=(z-\beta)^{m}\tilde{Q}(z), \, z\in \mathcal{D}(Q), \] where $\beta \in \mathbb{R}$ is a regular point of $Q$, and $\tilde{Q}\in \mathcal{N}_{\kappa'}(\mathcal{H})$ is holomotphic at $\infty$. Unlike the Krein-Langer representation of $Q$, which involves a linear relation $A$, the factorization utilizes a bounded operator $\tilde{A}$ in the Krein-Langer representation of $\tilde{Q}$. The operator $\tilde{A}$ and the relation $A$ have identical spectra, except at two points: $\beta$ and $\infty$. The main advantage of this approach is that both the operator $\tilde{A}$ and the entire representation can be constructed explicitly and in a practically applicable manner for certain meromorphic functions $Q\in \mathcal{N}_{\kappa}^{n \times n}$ on $\bar{\mathbb{C}}$. We illustrate all main results through examples.

OBJECTIVES Brain tumor-related epilepsy management poses significant challenge in clinical practice. Healthcare providers must tailor treatment based on each patient's unique circumstances. Different antiepileptic drugs can be used, including oxcarbazepine. Several studies show this drug's efficacy and safety in brain tumor-related epilepsy. METHODS Observational, prospective study, monitoring the efficacy and safety of the drug oxcarbazepine in the prevention of epileptic seizures, included adult patients of both sexes with a supratentorial tumor and a risk of epileptic seizures after neurosurgery. RESULTS The study included 153 hospitalized patients. The percentages of amplified waves, sharp waves, and spike waves decreased in the second and third compared with the first visit. Significantly lower percentages of sharp waves (P = 0.028) on the second compared with the first measurement and spike waves (P = 0.002) on the third compared with the first measurement were determined. Deterioration from normal to low hemoglobin concentration was observed in 40 (26%) patients at the second visit and 17 (12%) at the third visit, compared with the first visit. However, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values did not change significantly during the 6 months of follow-up. A transient drop in the number of thrombocytes was observed on the second visit. Adverse reactions to the drug were mild. Therapeutic adherence was low, as measured by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). CONCLUSIONS The drug oxcarbazepine has shown good efficacy and safety in the prevention of epileptic attacks after neurosurgery in patients with supratentorial tumors. Additional education of patients on the importance of taking regular therapy is crucial.

PurposeThis study aims to assess the extent to which the constructs of theory of planned behavior drive the social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of the youth and provide a nuanced understanding of the role of prosocial behavior in shaping this intention.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was used to collect data with a sample size of 690 students, regarded as youth, across higher education institutions in Oman. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 and partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results of the preliminary analysis confirmed that subjective norms toward social entrepreneurship (SE) and perceived behavioral control over SE were generally regarded as factors strongly associated with SEI. However, attitude toward SE did not affect the intention of the youth differently in this measure. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between prosocial behavior and SEI. Other results and implications were discussed.Originality/valueThe proposed SEI model sheds light on the possible influence of the prosocial behavior construct on the youth’s intention to be engaged in SE. The findings may help governments, policymakers and decision makers to promote positive youth development in three domains: education, labor market and community.

Children and youth have predominantly shifted social activities into the digital sphere, leading to the consistent prevalence of digital technologies in the classroom. Besides numerous benefits, it also brought challenges, such as (cyber)bullying. Many teachers may approach the issue of cyberbullying with reservations, either because they do not view it as a serious problem or believe that they should not play a role in its resolution. Therefore, it is crucial to provide teachers and librarians with professional development on the challenges and risks of cyberbullying among pupils. Using quantitative method, this paper examines the competencies and experiences of teachers and librarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina in addressing the issue of cyberbullying among pupils. The importance of ongoing professional development and the availability of education in recognising risky behaviours of pupils online is particularly emphasised. The data indicates that, despite their engagement in lifelong learning, teachers and librarians require systematic and continuous training to understand and respond promptly to emerging digital risks involving children.