AIM To evaluate whether treatment approach and Allen's classification are associated with treatment duration after fingertip injury and to identify predictors of prolonged recovery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients treated for fingertip injuries at Cantonal Hospital Zenica (January 2024 - December 2024). Injuries were classified using Allen's system, and treatment duration was grouped as 7-25, 26-35, or 36-90 days. RESULTS The cohort was predominantly male (89.0%), with a median age of 47 years (IQR 36-71). Median treatment duration was 24 days (IQR 15-33). Longer treatment duration was associated with exposed distal phalanx (p = 0.016), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), and treatment approach (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, osteosynthesis compared with suture (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.30-12.63) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.22-11.72) were associated with prolonged treatment in exploratory multivariable analysis (36-90 days). CONCLUSION Treatment approach and selected comorbidities should be considered alongside injury classification when anticipating recovery duration; however, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited number of prolonged-treatment events and diabetic patients.

Pitanje prevodivosti Kur'ana na nearapske jezike uopće, kao i prevođenje posljednje Božije objave s arapskog na druge jezike teme su kojima su se kroz povijest bavili i muslimani ovog podneblja, a mnogi alimi ostavili veliki broj značajnih djela iz te oblasti. Njihova zaostavština se čuva brižljivo pohranjena u našim bibliotekama, ponajviše u Gazi Husrev-begovoj biblioteci u Sarajevu. Ovaj rad je vezan za jedno takvo poznato ime među Bošnjacima, osobu koja je veći dio svog života provela u Turskoj, u kojoj ostaje na službi nakon više godina naukovanja, Muhammeda ibn Musa-a el-Bosnevija Allameka. Naslonjen na njegovo bavljenje jezičkim analizama kur'anskog teksta, ovaj rad ukazuje na dvije trajno aktuelne teme: jezička nadnaravnost kur'anskog teksta i neophodnost poznavanja arapskog jezika kao sredstva za razumijevanje tog Teksta.

Given the challenges of small and underdeveloped markets, a comprehensive approach to insurance risk analysis is essential. This paper develops and applies an actuarially justified and statistically robust methodology for motor insurance pricing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The adequacy of Generalised Linear Models (GLMs) is assessed using a portfolio dataset covering 2011-2023, focusing on key policyholder and vehicle risk factors affecting claim frequency and severity. Comparison with existing market tariffs indicates that current premiums are generally underpriced. The proposed approach offers practical guidance for improving pricing accuracy and strengthening actuarial practices in such insurance markets.

For over a decade, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) have served as the principal framework for quantitative modeling of the socioeconomic dimensions of global environmental change. The SSP scenarios describe many of the ecological and social processes thought to shape pandemic risk, including the emergence of novel pathogens (accelerated by processes such as deforestation, livestock intensification, and land-use change) and their subsequent spread (mediated by factors such as inequality, human mobility, and health system capacity). However, the SSP framework has not been widely incorporated into pandemic risk assessment. Here, we assess how pandemic risk is embedded in the SSP framework, and find that the framework captures most of the social-environmental drivers of pathogen spillover, and many of the social-economic drivers of pandemic spread and impacts. Because climate change and pandemics share many drivers and risk factors-- including ecosystem degradation, animal agriculture, and weak governance--SSP scenarios characterized by higher barriers to climate adaptation also generally imply lower chances of outbreak containment, and greater pandemic impacts on vulnerable populations. Pandemic risk is therefore lowest in SSP1 and highest in SSP3, but SSP5 shows that frequent spillover and effective containment can coexist. These findings suggest that pandemic risk can be understood as part of a broader polycrisis, linking climate change, biodiversity loss, and global health. We suggest that new scenario extensions, or entirely novel frameworks, will ultimately be needed to capture possible shifts in the global health landscape; however, in the meantime, scenario frameworks from the environmental sciences could be valuable tools for initiatives to quantify future pandemic risks.

In this paper, the first record of the nudibranch Felimare picta (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (Gastropoda: Chromodorididae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is reported. The specimen was observed at 7 m depth on a sandy bottom in Malostonski zaljev Bay and documented using underwater photography, expanding the known distribution of the species in the Adriatic Sea. It also emphasizes the importance of surveys in the relatively understudied marine habitats of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Semaglutide is recognised for its superior effects on glycaemic control and weight management. However, the clinical outcomes following semaglutide discontinuation are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and metabolic consequences of such switch. This was a retrospective cohort study utilising a non-interventional, single-arm, before-and-after design. This study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes who discontinued semaglutide and transitioned to alternative regimens. Key metabolic parameters, such as body weight, glycated haemoglobin, fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid profiles, were extracted from medical records at baseline and at 6 months post-switch. Across the entire cohort, no significant changes were observed in any metabolic parameter between baseline and the follow-up, suggesting short-term metabolic stability. However, subgroup analyses revealed notable trends: patients switched to dulaglutide and liraglutide tended to exhibit deteriorating glycaemic control and body weight gain. In contrast, the basal insulin group showed relatively stable body weight. The trends of weight regain and worsening glycaemic control following transition to less potent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are consistent with semaglutide’s superior metabolic efficacy. Nonetheless, the study’s limited statistical power and short duration may obscure subtle but clinically meaningful changes. These findings suggest that long-term alternative regimens may not fully sustain the metabolic benefits achieved with semaglutide.

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a major contributor to liver- and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. These national guidelines provide the first country-specific, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of MASLD, covering the full disease spectrum from steatosis to cirrhosis and its complications. MASLD management is based on a coordinated, stepwise model across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels, with primary healthcare serving as the central gatekeeper and coordinator of care. Active case-finding of clinically significant fibrosis is emphasized, particularly in high-risk populations, such as individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity. Primary healthcare plays a key role in early risk assessment through systematic evaluation of metabolic risk factors and first-line use of simple non-invasive tools, notably the FIB-4 index. A stepwise non-invasive diagnostic algorithm is recommended, with elastography (preferably vibration-controlled transient elastography or 2D shear wave elastography where available) used for further assessment in patients with indeterminate or high-risk results. Lifestyle modification and optimal management of cardiometabolic comorbidities remain the foundations of MASLD treatment. In eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or overweight or obesity, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be considered, while bariatric surgery represents an option for selected individuals with persistent obesity. Advanced MASLD, including cirrhosis, requires multidisciplinary management, surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma, and evaluation for liver transplantation in cases of decompensation. These guidelines aim to standardize MASLD care in Bosnia and Herzegovina and strengthen the pivotal role of primary healthcare within the national MASLD care pathway.

Nutrient balance and interaction between macro- and micronutrients are vital for plant development, yet this equilibrium is frequently disrupted by the accumulation of residual nickel (Ni) from prolonged fertilizer application. As plant growth-promoting bacteria offer sustainable ecological solutions, this study investigated the effects of biopriming Micro-Tom tomato seeds with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN under chronic and acute Ni exposure. Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), we analyzed microelements in roots, leaves, and ripe fruits of non-primed and bioprimed plants. The results demonstrate that biopriming is associated with a shift in the plant’s ionomic response to stress. Bioprimed plants showed increased Ni retention in the root system compared to non-primed plants, reducing Ni translocation to reproductive organs. Correlation analysis revealed altered patterns of nutrient association. Bioprimed plants exhibited a tendency toward co-accumulation and retention in roots, while ion balance in leaves and fruits appeared more regulated. These findings suggest that P. phytofirmans PsJN may contribute to improved nutrient homeostasis under Ni stress.

To improve sustainability and reduce the production costs of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), the use of locally available aggregates is highly desirable. The combined impact of aggregate type and different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the fresh and mechanical properties of UHPC is not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore, quartz, limestone, and diabase aggregates together with different SCM combinations were used in the experimental investigation of eighteen UHPC mixtures. Laboratory tests, including flow table, compressive strength, and flexural strength tests, were performed to evaluate the performance of the mixtures. Mixtures containing limestone and fly ash (FA) generally showed higher workability compared to those containing metakaolin (MK). The highest compressive strengths were achieved in mixtures with quartz sand (average 110 MPa) containing approximately 20% MK relative to the total binder content. The mixture with optimal particle distribution and the lowest cement content (500 kg/m3) also showed extremely high mechanical performance. Based on the obtained flexural-to-compressive strength ratios (fb/fc), the expression fc ≈ 7·fb was proposed to estimate the compressive strength of similar fiber-free UHPC mixtures. Furthermore, heat-treated specimens exhibited a 45% higher compressive strength after 7 days compared to the reference mixture, while the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers caused a slight decrease in compressive strength of approximately 4%. The obtained results contribute to the development of mechanically efficient UHPC mixtures with optimized particle packing and reduced cement consumption, which may improve the sustainability of UHPC production.

The rapid expansion of AI-driven information infrastructure, particularly data centers, is placing unprecedented pressure on power systems and accelerating the pace at which new assets must interconnect with the grid. As bulk transmission expansion rolls out slowly, new loads and generation are increasingly deployed within existing network constraints. Agentic AI is urgently needed to automate the numerous and repetitive connection processes, but its maturity has not been systematically validated on complex tasks and large-scale systems. We replicate the current state of the art in agentic AI for power systems planning and evaluate it against a structured suite of nodal planning problems spanning six levels of task complexity and four grid scales. We find that only the two lowest complexity levels are solvable on some of the test grid sizes, and identify the specific capability upgrades required to close this gap. Adopting stricter testing protocols and reproducible evaluation benchmarks is essential for assessing both genuine progress and the operational readiness of agentic AI.

We present SPECTRE, a new equilibrium code based on the Multi-Region relaxed MHD model for robustly calculating 3D equilibria with general magnetic topology, allowing for flux surfaces, magnetic islands, and chaos. The code builds on a previous MRxMHD solver, SPEC, but performs significantly better thanks to a new formulation of force, the use of a stable trust-region-based least squares minimization scheme, as well as several additional features. SPECTRE is verified through application to configurations with known equilibrium solutions, in vacuum and with finite beta, both in the fixed boundary and the free boundary mode. Notably, these include vacuum equilibria of a quasi-axisymmetric (QA) device in fixed-boundary mode, and of W7-X in the free-boundary mode, along with a classical stellarator finite-beta free-boundary case. Finally, the solver is applied to a modern optimized finite-beta quasi-isodynamic (QI) configuration, where we demonstrate calculation of a strongly-shaped equilibrium with a core island which is in agreement with a HINT calculation.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is central to precision oncology in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although its predictive value and the need for molecular confirmation differ across biomarkers. This narrative review aimed to summarize the clinical utility, validated assays, scoring systems, diagnostic performance, and testing algorithms for predictive IHC biomarkers in NSCLC. Recent guidelines, regulatory documents, and selected analytical and clinical studies were reviewed for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor (c-Met), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E (BRAF V600E), pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (pan-TRK), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). PD-L1 and ALK are established IHC-based predictive assays, although PD-L1 interpretation remains assay-, platform-, and cutoff-specific. VENTANA ALK D5F3 and VENTANA MET SP44 RxDx are clinically validated companion diagnostics, whereas HER2 IHC score 3+ may support eligibility for trastuzumab deruxtecan in the tumor-agnostic setting. ROS1, BRAF V600E, pan-TRK, and non-companion-diagnostic c-Met or HER2 assays are best used for screening or triage and generally require molecular confirmation. EGFR mutation-specific IHC is not recommended because of insufficient diagnostic performance. Overall, IHC enables rapid, tissue-sparing biomarker assessment but should be integrated with broad genomic and transcriptomic next-generation sequencing (NGS), particularly when alteration-specific findings are negative, equivocal, or discordant.

AIM To determine the frequency of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), identify associated risk factors and assess common associated neonatal conditions. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed medical records of newborns diagnosed with CMT at the Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023. Data on maternal, pregnancy, delivery, neonatal and physiotherapy-related variables were analysed. RESULTS During the five-year period, 16,899 newborns were delivered, of whom 141 (0.83%) were diagnosed with CMT. CMT was most frequent among newborns of primiparous mothers (94; 66.7%) and after vaginal delivery (78; 55.3%). Most newborns had an Apgar score ≥8 (108; 76.6%) and were born at ≥37 weeks of gestation (130; 92.2%). CMT was slightly more common in female newborns (73; 51.8%) and was more often right-sided (88; 62.4%). Complete recovery was reported among all newborns with available physiotherapy follow-up data. CONCLUSION The frequency of CMT over the five-year period was 0.83%. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of physical therapy were associated with complete recovery among newborns with available follow-up data.