In this research, a rapid seismic assessment of the I Gymnasium in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) was conducted. The structural information was obtained from original designs, visual inspection, which was supported by the usage of a drone, and infrared thermography. The vulnerability of the structure was assessed by implementing the Vulnerability Index Method (VIM). Once the mean damage grades were obtained for various seismic intensities (EMS 98 scale applied) vulnerability curve was constructed, enabling the quantification of risk for various seismic scenarios. The structure would experience no to minor damage if exposed to weaker earthquakes (IV–V). The most interesting intensities for Sarajevo are VII and VIII, indicating moderate damage. For earthquakes of higher intensities (X–XII), there is a significant increase in heavy and severe damage, leading to the complete collapse in the case of XII intensity level. The paper further discussed the effects that have a direct impact on the degradation of masonry material, leading to a reduction of its resilience. An aspect of inadequate strengthening is emphasized, together with the importance of regular maintenance for prolonging the life of these types of structures.

U radu su prezentovani trendovi razvoja interne revizije u Republici Srbiji. Sa teorijskog aspekta trendovi razvoja prezentovani su kroz komparativan prikaz osnovnih specifičnosti zakonskih regulativa koje se odnose na internu reviziju na nivou različitih organizacija iz realnog sektora, sektora bankarstva, osiguranja, javnog sektora i lizinga. U praktičnom delu prezentovana je analiza trenda izdatih sertifikata ovlašćenih internih revizora u periodu od 2008. do 2025. godine. Takođe, prezentovana je analiza sertifikata ovlašćenih internih revizora prema pojedinim oblastima u kojima su interni revizori zaposleni. Najveći broj ovlašćenih internih revizora zaposlen je u okviru realnog sektora, što odgovara i rasporedu organizacija prema obaveznosti uspostavljanja interne revizije.

Abstract Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication associated with de novo gestational hypertension, proteinuria, and dysregulations in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Platelet-derived factors include various growth and differentiation factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The TGF-β type III receptor (TGFBR3), also known as betaglycan, is a co-receptor for the TGF-β superfamily and an important regulator of reproduction and fetal development. Here, we test the hypothesis whether or not TGFBR3 is involved in platelet-mediated upregulation of placental plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Perivillous fibrin deposits and PAI-1 levels were analyzed via immunohistochemistry, gene expression as well as protein expression in healthy and preeclamptic placental tissue. Placental villi and trophoblast cell line BeWo were incubated in presence or absence of washed platelets from pregnant women, platelet-derived soluble factors, or platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. Additionally, BeWo cells were treated with TGF-β-receptor inhibitors and silenced for TGFBR3 expression. PAI-1 and its encoding gene SERPINE1, as well as perivillous fibrin deposits, were significantly increased towards term of gestation and showed a significant upregulation in placental villi from preeclamptic pregnancies. Furthermore, SERPINE1 and PAI-1 were substantially upregulated in response to washed platelets and platelet-derived factors, but not to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. The upregulation of SERPINE1 was blocked to control levels with the TGF-β inhibitor P144, whereas silencing of TGFBR3 had no effect. Our results suggest that platelet-derived factors induce placental PAI-1 expression independently of TGF-β receptor 3. Increased maternal platelet activation may contribute to significantly upregulated placental PAI-1 and perivillous fibrin deposits in preeclampsia.

Monitoring vehicle movements at roundabouts and determining their operational throughput traditionally relies on tracking individual turning movements, a process that is technically demanding, labour-intensive and often impractical for complex multi-leg roundabouts. This study proposes a simplified approach to data collection and the determination of roundabout flow parameters. Two data collection techniques were examined: simplified manual counting of vehicles at entry legs and automated licence plate recognition. For roundabout flow parameters, determining the key methodological contribution is applying the roundabout investigation model (MIKR). Model MIKR enables capacity and turning-movement estimation using only entry and exit counts, thereby substantially reducing the scope of required field observations compared with conventional trajectory-based methods. The results show that licence plate recognition can determine turning flows with an accuracy of approximately 90%. The MIKR model reliably estimates roundabout capacity without requiring vehicle trajectory tracking. These findings confirm the practical value of the MIKR approach and highlight its potential for more efficient and cost-effective traffic-flow analysis at roundabouts.

Background Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being studied as potentially valuable support tools in oncology practice including clinical decision support. Yet, their real-world utility in melanoma treatment decision-making is still not sufficiently considered, especially in resource-limited settings. Accordingly, this study evaluated the performance of four LLMs against real-world treatment decisions of a melanoma multidisciplinary tumor board (MDT). Methods This retrospective single-center study included 151 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous melanoma discussed at the MDT at the University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 2020 and 2024. Melanoma treatment recommendations generated by four LLMs, ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-5 Thinking, Gemini 2.5 Pro and DeepSeek-V3.2, were evaluated by four board-certified oncologists against the actual MDT treatment decisions. Additionally, the LLM-generated recommendations were also rated across five pre-specified domains: clarity, clinical applicability, coverage, explanation and support with evidence, and guideline concordance. Results In this study, inter-rater reliability was acceptable to good, supporting the consistency of expert evaluation. ChatGPT-5 Thinking showed the strongest and most consistent overall performance, followed by ChatGPT-4o, while Gemini 2.5 Pro and DeepSeek-V3.2 were rated less favorably. Differences between LLMs were statistically significant across all evaluated domains. Performance differences appeared most clinically relevant in more complex scenarios, particularly when consideration of adjuvant or systemic treatment strategies was required. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that selected LLMs may have a supportive role in everyday melanoma MDT practice particularly in oncology centers with limited resources. However, the current results do not support the use of LLM-generated recommendations as independent treatment decisions, and further prospective studies are required before LLM-assisted treatment recommendations can be safely integrated into the MDT workflow.

A comprehensive book review of the recently published two-volume study, "Russia and the Eastern Question: Challenges of De-Ottomanization and Balkan Responses", authored by the distinguished historian Dr. Safet Bandžović and published by the Institute for History, University of Sarajevo.

Breast cancer remains a major challenge to public health. Biomarkers may be useful to improve prediction of breast cancer survival. Several epigenetic markers of cell division and ageing based on DNA methylation have been proposed. In this study, we measured these epigenetic markers in breast tumours and assessed their prognostic value. We used genome-wide DNA methylation data measured in 1992 breast cancer tumours from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and publicly available datasets. We calculated four markers of cell division (epiTOC2, stemTOC, MiAge and CellDRIFT), two markers of chronological age (Horvath age and BTEC), and four markers of biological age (PhenoAge, GrimAge, MRscore and DunedinPACE). Cox regression models were used to assess the associations of age-adjusted epigenetic markers with 5-year overall survival, with adjustment for clinical variables. Effect modification by estrogen receptor (ER) status and molecular subtype was also investigated. After adjustment for age and stratification by study, higher levels of cell division markers were associated with poorer survival (e.g., epiTOC2: per one-standard-deviation increase, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.27), whereas higher chronological age markers were linked to better prognosis (e.g., Horvath age: HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61-0.82). Epigenetic markers of biological age showed variable associations. These associations were partly explained by the main clinicopathological variables at diagnosis and varied across subtypes. Our study revealed associations of several epigenetic markers with breast cancer survival. The associations were quite weak, suggesting these markers may have limited prognostic value. The varying associations observed among subtypes may reflect underlying biological differences that should be further investigated.

Social justice in Islamic theological education represents a concept that is normatively central yet pedagogically underarticulated. Rooted in the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the broader Islamic intellectual tradition, it carries legal obligation, ethical responsibility, spiritual maturity, and social sensitivity. These sources consistently affirm social justice as a foundational principle of a balanced and equitable social order, but its translation into educational practice remains unabiding. This research examines how social justice is positioned within the higher education syllabus for future Islamic religious education practitioners (teachers and imams) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis, in this study, written responses collected through an open-ended qualitative expert survey were analysed. Thematic indicators were developed as an outcome and were used as criteria for the subsequent documentary analysis of the official syllabus. Then followed an analytical examination of the syllabus of a study programme leading to the qualification of Islamic religious education practitioners. The findings indicate that social justice is not explicitly articulated within intended learning outcomes as knowledge, attitude, or pedagogical competence. The analysis structured through Bloom’s taxonomy demonstrates the presence of pedagogical and methodological sensitivity across all cognitive levels, from knowledge to evaluation. This reveals a discrepancy between the normative centrality of social justice and its partial pedagogical realisation. This study identifies a persistent tension between theological ideals and educational practice. The potential for rearticulating a theological–pedagogical framework in which social justice becomes an explicit, lived, and transformative category within practitioners’ education was highlighted as something in place of a conclusion.

A systematic investigation of how different circuit and arc parameters affect the threshold value for the R500 interruption limit (R500th) has been provided. These parameters include the breaker cooling power, arc time constant, time delay of the transient recovery voltage (TRV), parallel capacitance, and network impedance. The results are obtained through black-box model calculations based on Mayr’s arc model. Our findings suggest that the interruption limit for the R500 method has negligible dependency on the cooling power used in Mayr’s arc model. On the other hand, it is shown that larger values of parallel capacitance and TRV time delay led to a decrease of the R500th. On the contrary, R500th rises by increasing the network impedance. These results imply that the influence of arc–circuit interaction must be considered when applying this approach for assessing the interruption limit. As a validation step, the numerical findings have been cross validated by selected measurement results provided in the literature.

The flow chart shows the identification of spatially explicit detention basins, their incorporation in the distributed modelling and the received results at the local and catchment scale. Weather extremes in recent years, particularly floods, together with their projected intensification, underscores the need for sustainable approaches to vulnerability reduction through climate adaptation and flood mitigation. Nature-based solutions offer an alternative to conventional grey infrastructure, and upstream water retention is a well-established strategy for reducing downstream flood peaks. This study presents a theoretical assessment of the water-holding capacity and peak-flow-reduction potential of spatially explicit upstream detention basins (DBs) in Svartån, a medium-sized catchment (761 km2) in central Sweden. Potential DB locations were delineated using high-resolution spatial data and their hydrological functioning was evaluated through distributed modelling over a three-year period. Model performance in the baseline scenario was high (Kling–Gupta efficiency: 0.88). Without recalibration, a water-retention scenario introducing 37 DBs across the catchment resulted in a 2–3% reduction in 95th-percentile flows at the catchment scale. At local scales, the corresponding peak flows were reduced by up to nearly 70%, although attenuation efficiency varied depending on the interplay between upstream contributing area, DB-specific storage capacity, and the maximum allowable discharge. Distributed modelling thus provides a useful framework for exploring alternative DB configurations under site-specific constraints and for identifying designs that maximise flow attenuation or support shifts toward broader ecosystem-service provisioning.

Summary Background Extremely preterm infants often develop anemia of prematurity, partly caused by blood losses for laboratory diagnostic tests during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, international quantitative data on diagnostic blood loss in extremely preterm infants are limited. Methods We performed an international, prospective, observational study across 64 NICUs across 22 European countries (ISRCTN17267090) to describe diagnostic blood losses during the first 28 days after birth in extremely preterm infants born below 28 weeks. Data collected between September 1st, 2022 and August 31st, 2023 (6-weeks per center). Findings We included 320 extremely preterm infants (46% female; median gestational age at birth 26 + 1 weeks; median birthweight 800 g). Median estimated cumulative diagnostic blood loss at day 28 in infants born at 24, 25, 26, 27 weeks’ gestation was 49.6%, 25.9%, 19.7%, 11.5% of calculated initial blood volume (assuming 70 mL/kg birthweight), respectively. Median number of laboratory tests ranged from 6.5 to 25 per center after birth (postnatal day 1–2), and median associated diagnostic blood loss on day 1 and 2 combined ranged from 1.6 to 26.7 mL/kg. There was considerable variation between centers in minimum blood volumes required for laboratory testing. Infants admitted to centers with small-volume analyzers experienced half the cumulative diagnostic blood loss by day 28 (8.2 mL/kg), compared to those admitted to centers with medium- and large-volume analyzers (17.3 and 19.9 mL/kg, respectively). Interpretation In this cohort study of extremely preterm infants, we found significant diagnostic blood losses, particularly in the first week, resulting in an estimated cumulative loss of half of the initial blood volume in infants born at 24 weeks. Our findings highlight considerable variations between European centers, underlining the need to understand these differences and minimize diagnostic blood losses whenever possible in this vulnerable patient population. Funding Sanquin, ESPR, EBA.