In this work, the syntheses of 2, 2, 2-trinitroethyl-(2-nitro-2-azapropyl)carbamate (5), its analogue 2-fluoro-2, 2-dinitroethyl(2-nitro-2-azapropyl)carbamate (6), and the corresponding 2, 2, 2-trinitroethyl(2-nitro-2-azapropyl)nitrocarbamate (7) and 2-fluoro-2, 2-dinitroethyl(2-nitro-2-azapropyl)nitrocarbamate (8) are presented. The compounds were characterized thoroughly by vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry measurements and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the hitherto unknown low-temperature crystal structures of the starting materials 2-nitro-2-azapropyl chloride (1) and 2-nitro-2-azapropyl isocyanate (2) are presented. Owing to the positive oxygen balance of the carbamate derivatives, their suitability as potential oxidizers in energetic formulations with aluminium as the fuel is investigated and discussed. Standard enthalpies of formation were calculated at the CBS-4M level of theory. With these values and the experimental densities from room-temperature pycnometer measurements, several detonation parameters, such as the detonation pressures and velocities of the crude materials as well as the specific impulses of their formulations with aluminium, were computed by using the EXPLO5 (V6.01) computer program and compared with those of the corresponding mixtures with ammonium perchlorate as the oxidizer. Furthermore, the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined by using the BAM drop-hammer and friction tester as well as a small-scale electrical discharge device

Abstract Fostering of civil society is vital in multiethnic, multicultural, multi-religious and post-conflict societies such as that of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Therefore, this paper examines the role of Muslim women's non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in fostering of civil society in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In this regard, this paper puts in the perspective present role of Muslim women's NGOs by providing the theoretical background and a survey of NGOs in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In order to determine the role and function of Muslim women's NGOs, the author examines main criteria of civil society functions such as control of political power, monitoring of political participation and elections, promoting of anti-corruption awareness, advocating values of human rights, tolerance and understanding, offering civic training, promoting civic education and public issues through media, and promoting conflict resolution and interfaith dialogue. By analyzing civil society functions, this paper answers a question of Muslim women's NGOs involvement in socio-political aspects of a democratic state and fostering of civil society in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The author uses ethnographic methodology, written sources and interviews in analyzing two leading Muslim Women's NGOs such as Nahla Education Center for Women and Kewser-Zehra Association of Muslim Women. The results of this paper indicate that although Muslim women's NGOs in theory do not emphasize on several civil society actors, especially those of political and legal nature, they are significantly involved throughout their various activities in socio-political aspects of the democratic state and as such they have contributed significantly toward fostering of civil society in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Printed textile materials are often exposed to certain external impacts. One of the most common impact, these materials are subjected to, is thermal load. This effect causes certain changes in textile fibers as well as changes of ink colour reproduction printed on these materials. In this paper is presented an investigation of the series of thermal loads effects on print quality parameters of digitally produced impressions on textile substrates. The research includes basic print quality attributes: colour reproduction, macro non-uniformity and quality of line reproduction. Investigation results indicate that by increasing number of thermal loads, bigger changes in colour reproduction occur. Also, the influence of the series of thermal loads on mottle and line reproduction variations is confirmed, as well as the influence of printing substrate characteristics on print quality.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic granulomatous vasculitis of large vessels. Initial symptoms and signs are usually non-specific, therefore a high index of suspicion is needed to make a timely and correct diagnosis.