Knowledge of pigmented lesions dates back to ancient times beginning with Hippocrates and Celsius, who called such outgrowths naevi nigricans. In the 16th century they were described by Russius Lauretius and then in 17th century by Highmore as tumors resembling coal. During the 20th century those tumors had different names: melanotic tumor, melanotic cancer, anthracite cancer etc. One of recent publications is the thesis by Bonnta in Lion (1911) titled ”Melanosis and melanotic tumors“. In 1967 an international body within the World Health Organization was established for the evaluation of diagnostic methods and treatment of melanoma, and under its auspices comparative clinical research has been conducted worldwide [1].

The prospective study, which ran from January 2011 to January 2015, included the respondents who were treated from various non-tumor breast changes and breast tumors. The respondents were divided into 2 groups. First one, group A (280 respondents), consisted of the respondents who are residing in the rural area. Second one, group B (343 respondents), consisted of the respondents who have residence in urban area. The aim is to analyze the attitude to non-tumor diseases and breast tumors by women of rural and urban environment. The observed parameters are the reasons for coming to the breast examination: palpable formation in the breast, regular examination, breast pain, breast swelling and other changes. Parameters to compare the results were time intervals from the detection of palpable formations to examination. There was no statistically significant difference in inflammatory diseases of the breast, except in the case of breast abscess formation which is more common in the group A. A statistically significant difference among the groups was not found in the incidence of benign and / or malignant tumors of the breast, neither. It turned out that immediately after tumor detection by palpation, 4 patients in group A went to examination the next day. Patients in group B went 3 times more often to examination after a few days of the initial palpation of the tumor than patients in group A. There are much more women in group A who after only one year from the moment of palpable formation came to examination. The number of women, who have come to examination after a few months and / or years, is almost identical. Patients in group A have less responsible attitude towards non-tumor diseases and breast tumors, so it is possible for this group to be in higher degree of risk of late diagnosis of malignant tumors.

The prospective study, which ran from January 2010 to January 2015, included the respondents treated for breast carcinoma. The respondents were divided into 3 groups. The first, the A group (63 respopndents), consists of women with (not) completed elementary school. The second, group B (60 resppondents), consists of women who have secondary education, while the third, group C (33 respondents) make women with college or university degrees. The aim is to analyze the impact of the level of education on early diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women. The observed parameters are the age of respondents and the primary risk factors. Parameters for the comparison of the results were: the attitude of the respondents to breast tumors, history of the breast self-examination, breast ultrasound examinations, data on mammography, as well as information on the diameter of the tumor at the moment of the discovery. There was no statistical difference in attitude of respondents about breast tumors when it comes to fear and / or phobia of breast carcinoma. It is almost identical to the number of respondents who have no opinion on breast tumors. Concerning the attitude of respondents that there is no risk of breast carcinoma, if nobody in the family previously had breast carcinoma, then in terms of the attitude that they do not want "their breasts to be explored", as well as the attitude that "any breast examination does not help much", a statistical difference between the studied groups was found. It was found that breast self-examination is performed by most of the respondents, but that patients in group C do it more often. It has been shown that ultrasound and mammography are more often performed by patients in group C and this characteristic makes a significant statistical difference. In Group C, the tumor was detected in diameter to 2 cm which proved statistically different. One of the reasons for early detection of tumors (diameter to 2 cm) in group C may be better enlightenment or a higher level of education of this group.

Introduction: It is very difficult to describe how the patient feels at first contact with the hospital environment, medical personnel and medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. He was usually upset at first contact since carries with it suspense and feers, due to illnes, but also because of the new situation. Will the first meeting to encourage patients and create confidence and sureness or, derogate and hurt his personality, depends on these first impressions. The aim: The aim is to exemine react to hospitalization, analyze what is to attitude of hospital personnel towards patients, and investigate which patients are proposals to improve the conditions and procedure for hospitalization. Methods: The study was conducted at University Hospital in Foca, period October-November, 2014. The study included 50patients who are being treated at the University Hospital in Foca, in the section of Internal Medicine. The research used an anonymous questionnaire, and the results are graphically presented. Results: Two-thirds of respondents reacted very well to the hospitalization. Asked about their impressions on the first meeting with the medical personnel, 94% of respondents expressed a positive opinion, while 6% of respondents characterized their first meeting as negative. Conclusion: Generally, this study yilded the following results which can be characterized as positive, but we must strive to be better and try to patients satisfaction with the services and attitude of health worker, made at the highest level.

Tourism and hotel industry are one of the main priorities in the development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Development of tourism is based primarily on raising the quality of hotel services. Hotel industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina is determined by an insuffi cient level of service quality, unfavourable structure and a low degree of capacity utilization. In an eff ort to improve the quality of services in hotel industry, and the satisfaction of tourists from emitting countries, hotel management is oft en faced with the problem of measuring the quality of services, which is a precondition for managing the quality of service provision.

In this article we considered the extreme temperatures, precipitation and UV-B radiation in Vojvodina region, Serbia. We describe the actual climate conditions for the period 1981−2007 and applied a dynamic downscaling technique using the EBU-POM regional coupled climate model under the SRES-A2 scenario to assess the changes for the period 2021-2100. The results indicate that a warmer and drier climate in the Vojvodina region can be expected at the end of the century. Projection of climate indicates to a strong increase in the mean annual minimum temperatures, and much smaller increase in the mean annual maximum temperatures. The increase of both extreme temperatures is predicted to be the highest in the winter and the lowest in the summer. Mean annual precipitation is projected to increase toward the end of the first half of the 21st century and to decrease for the last 30 years of the 21st century. Precipitation amount will be the highest during the winter and spring. The model simulations show that, by the end of this century, annual mean UV-B dose will recover by 5.2%. Recovery will be faster in the first half of the 21st century and more slowly later on. The UV-B doses recovery is expected to be the highest during the autumn and spring. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 43007: Studying climate change and its influence on the environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation]

This paper investigates current and planned investments in new power plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina and impact of these investments on the energy sector, CO2 emission and internationally committed targets for electricity from renewable sources up to year 2020. Bosnia and Herzegovina possesses strong renewable energy potential, in particular hydro and biomass. However, the majority of energy production is conducted in outdated power plants and based on fossil fuels, resulting in environment pollution. New major investments The Stanari Thermal plant (300 MW) and the investment in Block 7 (450 MW) at the Thermal Plant Tuzla are again focused on fossil fuels. The power sector is also highly dependent on the hydrology as 54% of current capacities are based on large hydro power. In order to investigate how the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be affected by these investments and hydrology, the EnergyPLAN model was used. Based on the foreseen demand for year 2020 several power plants construction and hydrology scenarios have been modelled to cover a range of possibilities that may occur. This includes export orientation of Stanari plant, impact of wet, dry and average year, delayed construction of Tuzla Block 7, constrained construction of hydro power plants, and retirement of thermal units. It can be concluded that energy system can be significantly affected by delayed investments but in order to comply with renewables targets Bosnia and Herzegovina will need to explore the power production from other renewable energy sources as well.