Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common (1%) variations in DNA sequence, that can be the reason for individual variability in drug efficacy and drug safety.

Summary Turos cheese belongs to the group of fresh, acidic, dried cheeses, fl avoured with dried red pepper and cone shaped, produced in Međumurje region of Croatia and Hungary by Croats from Pomurje. Th e goal of this paper was to investigate the production procedure, physico-chemical properties and microbiological qulity of Turos cheese, whose production takes place on the family farms and in small dairy plants. Due to skimming the sour cream during the production at family farms a signifi cant part of milk fat was removed that resulted in a lower content of milk fat in traditional Turos cheese (P<0.01) in comparison to the Turos cheese produced at small scale dairy plant. A signifi cantly higher salt content (P<0.001) and pH value (P<0.05) was found in Turos cheese produced at family farms. Th e investigations have shown a signifi cant diff erence in height (P<0.0001) and in weight (P<0.05) in favor of the cheeses produced in small scale dairy plants. Microbiological analysis showed that all the analyzed cheeses met the requirement of hygienic conditions. Further analyses have shown the presence of yeasts and molds in the cheeses.

macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is life-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases and is most frequent seen in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Prompt recognition and immediate therapy is life saving.

Kawasaki disease (KD) typically presents in children younger then 5y as a febrile illness with mucocutaneous changes. If untreated, KD can result in coronary aneurisms in 25% patients.

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is a systemic, necrotizing vasculitis that affects medium-sized and small muscular arteries resulting in microaneurysm formation. In the presteroid era, mortality was high and the diagnosis was exclusively made postmortem.

There is a critical need for population-based prospective cohort studies because they follow individuals before the onset of disease, allowing for studies that can identify biomarkers and disease-modifying effects and thereby contributing to systems epidemiology. This paper describes the design and baseline characteristics of an intensively examined subpopulation of the LifeLines cohort in the Netherlands. For this unique sub-cohort, LifeLines DEEP, additional blood (n=1387), exhaled air (n=1425), fecal samples (n=1248) and gastrointestinal health questionnaires (n=1176) were collected for analysis of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, microbiome, metabolome and other biological levels. Here, we provide an overview of the different data layers in LifeLines DEEP and present baseline characteristics of the study population including food intake and quality of life. We also describe how the LifeLines DEEP cohort allows for the detailed investigation of genetic, genomic and metabolic variation on a wealth of phenotypic outcomes. Finally, we examine the determinants of gastrointestinal health, an area of particular interest to us that can be addressed by LifeLines DEEP.

Lessons from previous experiences are often overlooked when deploying security-sensitive technology in the real world. At the same time, security assessments often suffer from a lack of real-world data. This appears similar to general problems in technology assessment, where knowledge about (side-)effects of a new technology often only appears when it is too late. In this context, the paradigm of new technologies as social experiments was proposed, to achieve more conscious and gradual deployment of new technologies, without losing the ability to steer the developments or make changes in designs. In this paper, we propose to apply the paradigm of new technologies as social experiments to security-sensitive technologies. This new paradigm achieves (i) inherent attention for the ethics of deploying security-sensitive systems in the real world, and (ii) more systematic extraction of real-world security data and feedback into decision making processes.