Introduction: High blood pressure is the cause of almost 13 % of all deaths in the world. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is “gold standard” in diet recommended by American Society of Hypertension, American Heart Association and Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 for reduction many CV risk factors including hypertension. Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension through DASH dietary program with reduction of salt intake can significantly reduce high values of blood pressure and decrease general cardiovascular risks. Goal: The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of hypertension among miners in Banovici coal mine and amount of salt taken in meals during work time. Material and methods: We inspected the medical documentation and registers for all employees in coal mine Banovici in order to provide calculation of hypertension prevalence. Based on reports and company standards on grocery usage and average amount of salt used in preparation of one meal in coal mine kitchen, we have calculated the average consumption of salt of one employee per meal. Results: There are 2700 of employees in coal mine Banovici with average life age of 46 years. From them 694 (25.7%) miners have arterial hypertension. Also 707023 kg of salt is being spent for preparation of meals in coal mine kitchen on yearly basis. Employees take between 4-9 grams of salt per one meal excluding the salt contained in bread. Conclusion: the amount of salt intake per one meal in the coal mine kitchen is larger from daily doses recommended by ACC/AHA.

Abstract Introduction. BNP plasma levels are significantly increased in heart failure and have an excellent negative predictive value for left ventricular dysfunction. Measurement of BNP level is useful for “screening” in high-risk populations. It is suitable for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and/or dysfunction and risk assessment in the sub-acute phase of acute myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients. The aim of our study was to find whether BNP may correlate with the left ventricular systolic function, i.e. its echocardiographic parameters in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods. In a prospective study performed at the Department of Nephrology and Clinic for hemodialysis at the Clinical Center in Sarajevo we followed-up 80 patients stratified in three separate groups according to CKD stage (Stage III, IV and V) for two years, regardless of their cardiovascular symptoms. We analyzed levels of BNP before and after diuretic therapy or hemodialysis and echocardiographic characteristics of the left ventricle. Results. There was a strong negative correlation between BNP values and the size of the EF before (rho=−0.692, p<0.0001) and after diuretic therapy (rho=−0.683, p<0.0001) for patients in CKD stage III, stage IV (rho=−0.314, p>0.05) and after diuretic therapy (rho=−495, p<0.05) Similarly, a negative correlation was found for BNP and EF values before (rho=−0.432, p<0.05) and after hemodialysis (rho=−0.556, p<0.01) for stage V CKD. Conclusions. Our study confirmed that the value of BNP in CKD patients may represent a measure of left ventricular systolic function with a strong negative correlation with ejection fraction. BNP measurement is a reliable parameter for further follow-up and prognosis in patients with established left ventricular dysfunction, acute coronary syndrome and for estimation of the left ventricular dysfunction.

Introduction: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is defined as a human cancerogen class A, due daily exposure is responsible for health hazards consider as almost equal as smoking of tobacco. Goal: Monitoring of exposure of school children to ETS as indicator of enforcement of ban of smoking in public places as tobacco control measure in the Federation of BiH. Methods: Analysis of surveys findings performed in the Federation of BiH in period 2008-2013, with particular focus on ETS exposure in school children. Results: A survey findings indicates decrease of exposure to ETS in school children ate home from 79.0% in 2008 to 62.1% in 2013, as well decrease of exposure to ETS in public places from 85.0% in 2008 to 59.8% in 2013. However, 65.8% of school children in the Federation of BiH are daily expose to ETS in school premises and only 54.6% of school children have been taught in school about health consequences of tobacco smoke. Over three quarter of school children or 80.1% are in favor of ban of smoking in public places. Conclusions: Exposure to ETS in school children considers as significant evidence for more efficient enforcement of tobacco control legislation in the Federation of BiH.

Introduction: Quitting tobacco use has many benefits for both individuals and society. For individuals, quitting of smoking provides immediate and long-term benefits to health. Higher levels of nicotine addiction and start smoking at a younger age are factors consider as strongly influence on quit smoking. Access to youth friendly quit lines increases a smoking cessation of school children. Goal: Monitoring of trends of age of initiation of smoking and current smoking cigarettes as good motivation for smoking cessation among school children in the Federation of BiH. Methods: Analysis of survey’s findings performed in the Federation of BiH in period 2008-2013, with particular focus on indicators of every smokers, currents smokers, start to smoke before age of ten, signs of smoking dependence and motivation for quitting smoking in school children. Surveys involves two-stage cluster sample design aimed to enroll students in grades 7, 8 and 9th of primary and 1th grade of secondary school. Results: A survey findings indicates ever cigarettes smokers decreases from 45.9% in 2008 to 43.2% in 2013, as well decreases of current cigarette smoking from 14.3% in 2008 to 12.7% in 2013, both boys and girls. However, survey data shows decrease of current smoking students who want to stop smoking now from 50.5% in 2008 to 45.8% in 2013. Conclusions: Collected data confirmed decreases of current cigarette smoking in school children in the Federation of BiH in period 2008-2013. Access to available smoking cessation services and quit lines for school children and youth considers should be a significant part of tobacco control measure in the Federation of BiH.

We investigate global dynamics of the following systems of difference equations: {xn+1=b1xn2A1+yn2,yn+1=a2+c2yn2xn2,n=0,1,2,…, where the parameters b1, a2, A1, c2 are positive numbers and the initial condition y0 is an arbitrary nonnegative number and x0 is a positive number. We show that this system has rich dynamics which depends on the part of a parametric space. We find precisely the basins of attraction of all attractors including the points at ∞. MSC:39A10, 39A30, 37E99, 37D10.

We consider the following system of difference equations: xn+1=axn21+xn2+cyn, yn+1=byn21+yn2+dxn, n=0,1,… , where a, b, c, d are positive constants and x0,y0≥0 are initial conditions. This system has interesting dynamics and can have up to nine equilibrium points. The most complex and perhaps most interesting case is the case of nine equilibrium points, four of which are local attractors, four of which are saddle points, and one of which is a repeller. Using recent results of Kulenović and Merino we are able to characterize the basins of attractions of all local attractors and thus to describe the global dynamics of this system. This case can be considered as a two-dimensional version of the Allee effect for competitive systems. MSC:39A10, 39A30, 37G35.