1Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17551, Al-Ain, UAE 3Department of Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 4Department of Mathematics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA

Robots are expected to become present in society in increasing numbers, yet few studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) go beyond one-to-one interaction to examine how emotions, attitudes, and stereotypes expressed toward groups of robots differ from those expressed toward individuals. Research from social psychology indicates that people interact differently with individuals than with groups. We therefore hypothesize that group effects might similarly occur when people face multiple robots. Further, group effects might vary for robots of different types. In this exploratory study, we used videos to expose participants in a between-subjects experiment to robots varying in Number (Single or Group) and Type (anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, or mechanomorphic). We then measured participants’ general attitudes, emotions, and stereotypes toward robots with a combination of measures from HRI (e.g., Godspeed Questionnaire, NARS) and social psychology (e.g., Big Five, Social Threat, Emotions). Results suggest that Number and Type of observed robots had an interaction effect on responses toward robots in general, leading to more positive responses for groups for some robot types, but more negative responses for others. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems - human factors. J.4 [Social and Behavioral Sciences]: Psychology. I.2.9 [Artificial Intelligence] Robotics. General Terms Experimentation, Human Factors. General Terms Experimentation, Human Factors.

This workshop aims to share best practices for teaching courses in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The main focus is on undergraduate and graduate education and training, but K-12 and informal learning environments are also of interest. HRI is still a relatively new field with no standardized textbook or curriculum. Furthermore, HRI education requires an interdisciplinary approach, which poses challenges for both students and instructors. This workshop will bring together researchers and educators to discuss strategies for designing and teaching HRI to students with diverse backgrounds and skill sets.

We explore human-robot interaction (HRI) with socially assistive robots within a broader social context instead of one-on-one interaction.. In this paper, we describe two in situ studies of the socially assistive robot PARO in a local nursing home -- one in a controlled small group setting, and one in free-form interaction in a public space -- as well as our future research agenda to facilitate socially situated exploration of assistive robotics in the wild. We particularly focus on how people and institutions scaffold successful HRI, and identify how social mediation, individual sensemaking, and other social factors affect the success of HRI.

This video presents the interactions between MiRAE, an interactive robotic face, and visitors to an art exhibition at which it was displayed. The robot operated eight hours a day, six days a week, for three weeks in Spring 2014 and interacted with over 700 people across 300 interactions. The robot was fully autonomous and researchers were not present on site during the exhibit, so people interacted in a free-form manner, both individually and in groups. During the exhibit, video recordings were taken of people's responses to the robot. This video depicts a series of resulting interactions, with MiRAE's interpretation of the events.

We use the ’’social shaping of technology and society’’ framework to qualitatively analyze data collected through observation of human-robot interaction (HRI) between social actors ina nursing home (staff, residents, visitors) and the socially assistive robot PARO. The study took place over the course of three months, during which PARO was placed in a publicly accessibly space where participants could interact with it freely. Social shaping focuses attention onsocial factors that affect the use and interpretation of technology in particular contexts. Wetherefore aimed to understand how different social actors make sense of and use PARO in daily interaction. Our results show participant gender, social mediation, and individual sense making led to differential use and interpretation of the robot, which affected the success of human-robot interactions. We also found that exposure to others interacting with PARO affected the nursing staff’s perceptions of robots and their potential usefulness in eldercare. This shows that social shaping theory provides a valuable perspective for understanding the implementation of robots in long-term HRI and can inform interaction design in this domain. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2. User/Machine Systems; I.2.9. Robotics: Commercial robots and applications; K.4.2 SocialIssues: Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities General Terms Human factors

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a newly developed, widely applied insecticide. In the aquatic environment, several transformation products are formed under natural conditions, one by dehydration and others by photoinduced degradation. Data on aquatic ecotoxicity of CAP can mainly be found in registration and regulatory evaluation reports. Moreover, the toxicity of its transformation products and especially effects upon chronic exposure remain completely unknown. Hence, our aim was to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of CAP and its transformation products to the daphnid Daphnia magna. The results showed that CAP is extremely toxic to D. magna, with an acute and chronic LC50 of 9.4 and 3.7 μg/L, respectively. No effects on daphnid reproduction were observed, but the impact on daphnid survival also affected population growth rate, with an EC50 of 3.5 μg/L. In contrast, no negative effects of the two main degradation products were observed. The present study demonstrated a high sensitivity of nontarget microcrustaceans to CAP. However, the actual risk of CAP in water diminishes with its spontaneous or light-induced degradation into two transformation products, showing no toxicity to the daphnids in the present study.

Potato in Brazil is often cultivated after corn (Zea mays) using the conventional tillage system, which achieve about 20 cm depth, not deep enough to remove physical impairments below the prepared layer. Thus, a deep tillage system associated to succession with grass types is postulated as an alternative to promote the adequate development of the potato crop. This study, with the cultivar Atlantic, aimed to compare the conventional tillage (PC) used in potato, in succession to corn, to a deep tillage system (PP), in succession with three different grass types (corn, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) on the growth dynamics of potato. The dry matter production (MS, t/ha) of the aboveground part of the grasses was different in descending order: Tanzânia PP (26.56) > Marandu PP (19.94) > Corn PP (5.57) = Corn PC (5.72). With respect to potato development, Corn PP (5.56 and 85.51) was higher than Corn PC (4.34 and 64.83 g/plant MS) for the production of roots and leaves respectively, no statistical difference being found among the other treatments. For the production of stalks, Corn PC (5.53 g/plant MS) was the lowest and for the production of tubers, Marandu PP and Corn PP (152.16 and 149.01 g/plant MS) were higher than Corn PC (115.73 g/plant MS). In summary, the deep tillage system provided better development of potato and the effects varied depending on the grass type used for succession.

INTRODUCTION Problems with polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions and non-adherence are especially frequent among elderly nursing home residents. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate effectiveness of a specific form of staff education on appropriateness of prescribing in a cluster of nursing homes for the elderly. METHODS The study was designed as before-and-after trial of educational intervention on appropriateness of prescribing in nursing homes for the elderly. In total 20 nursing homes located in Belgrade, Serbia were included in the study with 104 elderly residents and 27 caring physicians. Appropriateness of prescribing was checked against Beers, START and STOPP criteria, before and 6 months after the intervention. RESULTS There were 349 inappropriately prescribed drugs according to Beers criteria before the intervention and 37 drugs six months after the intervention. According to STOPP criteria there were 70 drugs inappropriately prescribed before the intervention, and 20 drugs 6 months after. When both criteria are taken together, there is a significant difference between the average number of inappropriate drugs per patient before (3.4±0.5) and after (0.6±0.7) educational intervention (t=38.902; p<0.001). Finally, before the intervention 143 appropriate drugs were omitted according to START criteria, while 6 months after the intervention there were only 67 omissions. CONCLUSION Simple, but well targeted educational interventions may improve polypharmacy and decrease inappropriate prescribing rate, contributing to a better care of elderly patients in nursing homes.