In the context of English as a global language, and Netspeak as a new electronic medium of communication, the present paper examines the linguistic properties and distinctive features of online communication in postponed time, bearing in mind that synchronicity is one of the dimensions upon which electronic communication can be categorised. This corpus-based study, for which data were collected from several Internet sites, places particular focus on the features of English used in asynchronous settings. The analysis, based on the model proposed by David Crystal (2001), portrays a number of highly distinctive features of Netspeak, proving an immense impact of thethis type of commucniation in terms of graphology (emoticons, punctuation) and the lexicon (blending, compounding), these being areas where it is relatively easy to introduce both innovation (nonce formation and other ludic Netspeak extensions) and deviation (abbreviations, acronyms). Keywords: Netspeak, Internet, asynchronus settings, distinctive linguistic features, synchronicity

Stabilin-1 is a multifunctional scavenger receptor expressed on alternatively-activated macrophages. Stabilin-1 mediates phagocytosis of “unwanted-self” components, intracellular sorting, and endocytic clearance of extracellular ligands including SPARC that modulates breast cancer growth. The expression of stabilin-1 was found on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in mouse and human cancers including melanoma, lymphoma, glioblastoma, and pancreatic insulinoma. Despite its tumor-promoting role in mouse models of melanoma and lymphoma the expression and functional role of stabilin-1 in breast cancer was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that stabilin-1 is expressed on TAM in human breast cancer, and its expression is most pronounced on stage I disease. Using stabilin-1 knockout (ko) mice we show that stabilin-1 facilitates growth of mouse TS/A mammary adenocarcinoma. Endocytosis assay on stabilin-1 ko TAM demonstrated impaired clearance of stabilin-1 ligands including SPARC that was capable of inducing cell death in TS/A cells. Affymetrix microarray analysis on purified TAM and reporter assays in stabilin-1 expressing cell lines demonstrated no influence of stabilin-1 expression on intracellular signalling. Our results suggest stabilin-1 mediated silent clearance of extracellular tumor growth-inhibiting factors (e.g. SPARC) as a mechanism of stabilin-1 induced tumor growth. Silent clearance function of stabilin-1 makes it an attractive candidate for delivery of immunomodulatory anti-cancer therapeutic drugs to TAM.

By observing the equivalence of assertions on determining the jump of a function by its differentiated or integrated Fourier series, we generalize a previous result of Kvernadze, Hagstrom and Shapiro to the whole class of functions of harmonic bounded variation and without finiteness assumption on the number of discontinuities. Two results on determination of jump discontinuities by means of the tails of integrated Fourier-Chebyshev series are derived.

Pathogens are disease-producing microorganisms. Bacteria, mycoplasma, rickettsia, fungi and viruses are among the naturally occurring pathogens. Toxins are poisons produced through the metabolic activities of living organisms. They are organic compounds, such as proteins, polypeptides and alkaloids, that come from a variety of biological sources. Pathogens and toxins are normal constituents of the environment. However, industrial processes for fermentation and synthesis are capable of producing large quantities of pathogens and toxins for release into the environment by military or terrorist actions. The human body is vulnerable to injury from harmful exposures to environmental pathogens and toxins. Identification and quantification of these pathogens and toxins are important for protecting the body from such injuries by promptly initiating countermeasures or therapeutic regimens. Some of the environmental pathogens and toxins have been described and discussed in other chapters of this book. In this chapter, the chemical, physiochemical, biochemical and immunochemical principles serving as the basis for the detection of pathogens and toxins are reviewed and some of the technological applications of these principles to their detection are described.

U radu je opisana problematika vezana uz generiranje i zbrinjavanje mulja s UPOV-a (uređaja za prociscavanje otpadnih voda) u Hrvatskoj. Poseban osvrt je dan na mogucnost i opravdanost koristenja pepela dobivenog spaljivanjem mulja. Naglasak je stavljen na ugradnju pepela u betonskoj industriji, pri proizvodnji cementnog morta i betona. U radu su opisani rezultati do sada provedenih istraživanja u okviru svjetske prakse, s primarnim osvrtom na utjecaj ugradnje pepela na karakteristike cementnog morta i betona.

Kadifica ( Tagetes patula L.) se ubraja u grupu jednogodisnjih cvjetnih kultura, a zbog svojih dekorativnih osobina posljednjih godina zauzima sve veci udio u proizvodnom asortimanu proizvođaca cvijeca u Bosni i Hercegovini.Sve veca potražnja za rasadom kadifice namece potrebu intenziviranja njene proizvodnje i podizanje njene kvalitete, a jedan od nacina kojim se to pokusava postici je primjena razlicitih stimulatora rasta. Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitati uticaj stimulatora rasta Bio-algeena S-92, Slavola i Ergonfilla na parametre rasta i razvoja kadifice ( Tagetes patula L.). Od parametara rasta i razvoja kadifice u ovom istraživanju ispitivani su: sadržaj pigmenta u listovima i povrsina listova, te precnik cvijeta i broj cvjetnih glavica po biljci. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da ni jedan od primijenjenih stimulatora rasta nije iskazao statisticki znacajan uticaj na povecanje estetski važnih parametara kvaliteta cvijeca: precnika cvijeta i broja cvjetnih glavica na biljci iz cega se može zakljuciti da kadifica nije zahtjevna kultura za uzgoj jer je u stanju uspjesno razviti svoje cvjetove cak i ako joj se u toku uzgoja ne dodaju stimulatori rasta. Preduslov za ostvarenje navedenog je da supstrat u kojem se kadifice uzgajaju svojim fizickim i hemijskim karakteristikama zadovoljava sve kriterije potrebne biljkama za njihov uspjesan rast i razvoj.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati uticaj primjene razlicitih koncentracija sintetski proizvedenih biljnih hormonana parametre razvoja presadnica paprike ( Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Sivrija'). Biljni hormoni koristeni u ovom ogledu bili su indol-sircetna kiselina (IAA), indol-butilna kiselina (IBA) i benzil adenin (BA), a svaki od njih primijenjen je u pet razlicitih koncentracija: 100, 300, 500, 1000 i 3000 mg l -1 .Od parametara kvaliteta presadnica paprike u ovom istraživanju ispitivani su: masa svježe tvari korijena, broj korijenovih dlacica po jedinici povrsine korijena, povrsina listova, te sadržaj fotosintetskih pigmenata u listovima.Najveci uticaj na povecanje ispitivanih parametara kvaliteta presadnica paprike je iskazala primjenahormonaIAA i IBA u koncentracijama 100 i 300 mg l -1 , te se iste preporucuju za primjenu kod uzgoja presadnica paprike ( Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Sivrija').U varijantama gdje su hormoni IAA, IBA i BA primijenjeniu koncentracijama od 500 i vise mg l -1 mlade presadnice paprike nisu uspjele nastaviti svoj životni ciklus, te je doslo do njihovog venuca, sto se može objasniti cinjenicom da previsoka koncentracija hormona može iskazati i herbicidni ucinak na biljku, posebno u ranim stadijima razvoja biljke.

Cilj rada bio je da se ustanovi povezanost rezultata higijenskog skora proizvodnog procesa na farmi i parametara kvaliteta sirovog mlijeka (broj somatskih celija i ukupni broj mikroorganizama). Vrijednost higijenskog skora proizvodnog procesa na ukupno 25  ispitanih farmi podijeljenih u tri grupe (grupa A, n=5, velike farme; grupa B, n=10, manje farme, i grupa C, n=10, individualni proizvođaci) ustanovljena je uz pomoc upitnika datog u radu, a vrijednosti broja somatskih celija i ukupnog broja mikroorganizama uz pomoc aparata Fossomatic TM Minor i Bactoscan TM TC50. Prosjecne vrijednosti higijenskog skora bile su najvise na farmama grupe A (88.25±3.68 poena, ocjena vrlo dobar), a najniže na farmama grupe C (55.67±4.94 poena, ocjena ne zadovoljava). Broj somatskih celija bio je statisticki znacajno visi na farmama grupe C u odnosu na grupe A i B (505027±89990 naprema 167728±35780, p<0,05, i 236045±38712,  p<0,01). Ukupan broj mikroorganizama u ispitanim uzorcima mlijeka bio je najvisi na farmama grupe C (207786±74859), a najniži na farmama grupe B (90423±14828). Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na znacajan uticaj redovnog sprovođenja higijenskih mjera u procesu proizvodnje na parametre higijenske ispravnosti, a time i kvalitet sirovog mlijeka.

Doxorubicin is a very potent chemotherapeutic drug, however its side effects limit its clinical use. The aim of this research was to investigate the properties of a fullerenol/doxorubicin nanocomposite, its potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on malignant cell lines, as well as its toxicity towards zebra fish embryos. Chromatographic, NMR and mass spectral analysis of the nanocomposite imply that interactions between doxorubicin and fullerenol are non-covalent bonds. The stability of the nanocomposite was confirmed by the use of atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite, compared to the free doxorubicin at equivalent concentrations, significantly decreased the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The flow cytometry results indicated that doxorubicin-loaded fullerenol could remarkably increase the uptake of doxorubicin suggesting that fullerenol might be a promising intracellular targeting carrier for the efficient delivery of antitumor drugs into tumor cells. The nanocomposite also affected cell cycle distribution. A genotoxicity test showed that the nanocomposite at all examined concentrations on MCF-7 and at lower concentrations on MDA-MB-231 cells caused DNA damage. Consequently, cell proliferation was notably reduced when compared with controls. Results of the zebrafish embryotoxicity assay showed a decreased overall toxicity, particularly cardiotoxicity and increased safety of the nanocomposite in comparison to doxorubicin alone, as manifested by a higher survival of embryos and less pericardial edema.