Utvrđivanje bionomije i utjecaja štetnika smrekine ose listarice, Pristiphora abietina na zdravstveno stanje šumskih kultura smreke provedeno je u sastojinama Šumskoprivrednog područja „Ključko“. Istraživanjem su procjenji va ni i mjereni sljedeći parametri: početak, tok i kraj rojenja male smrekine ose listarice, biologija i tok nastajanja simptoma na napadnutim stablima smreke. Za ulov jedinki P. abietina korištene su žute, ljepljive, ploče. Svaka od serija za ulov imala je 10 ploča sa 20 ljepljivih površina. Ukupno je u 180 ljepljivih ploča, ulovljeno 2640 jedinki P. abietina, od toga 1903 mužjaka ili 72,1 % i 737 ženki ili 27,9%. Utvrđene su značajne štete uzrokovane ovim štetnikom na istraživanom području.

Hrast kitnjak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Lieblein] jedna je od najvažnijih vrsta šumskog drveća u Bosni i Hercegovini, iako je sadašnja struktura šuma hrasta kitnjaka vrlo slaba. Razlog tomu treba tražiti u jakom povijesnom utjecaju čovjeka na tu vrstu, brojne neplanske i nestručne sječe i slabo razvijen sustav gospodarenja ovom vrijednom vrstom. U uvjetima Bosne i Hercegovine kitnjak se nalazi na 333 000 ha, u malim čistim i većinom mješovitim sastojinama s grabom i ponekad bukvom. Kroz ovo istraživanje želimo odgovoriti na sljedeća pitanja: kakva je genetska struktura odabranih populacija hrasta kitnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini, te kakvo je značenje poznavanja genetičke strukture u procesima obnove? Analizirali smo 17 prirodnih populacija hrasta kitnjaka uz uporabu 11 enzimskih sustava s 14 genskih lokusa i registrirali 82 alela. Registriran je velik polimorfizam, a samo je kod genskog lokusa sorbitol registriran potpuni monomorfizam, dok je kod genskog lokusa Pgi – A dobiven polimorfizam samo u jednoj populaciji. Prosječan broj alela za istraživane populacije kretao se od 1,7143 do 3,1429, a efektivni broj od 1.1089 do 1.2585. Stvarna i teorijska heterozigotnost najniža je bila u populaciji Gračanica s 0,0947, dok je najveća bila u populaciji Bugojno s 0,1869. Fiksacijski indeks u svim populacijama je bio negativan, što ukazuje na dobru stabilnost istraživanih populacija te da su slabi ili izostaju procesi inbridinga u populacijama. Najveće genetske udaljenosti u odnosu na ostale pokazala je populacija Tešanj. Rezultati diferencijacije pokazuju male vrijednosti, što ukazuje na kratko vrijeme od njihovog razdvajanja te prisutnost toka gena i malog gubitka prilagodbenog potencijala. Dobiveni rezultati omogućuju preporuku potrebnih mjera za očuvanje genetskih izvora metodama in situ i ex situ te obnovu i uporabu reprodukcijskog materijala hrasta kitnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the possibilities and limitations of venture capital formation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia where there has been a lack of success and benefits of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from this type of financing. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a rationale for specific methodological choices and justifies its choice. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. The methods section (research design) explains the entry criteria for the study population, specific imaging techniques and methods of data analysis. Findings – Venture capital invest in companies in the beginning to achieve an above average return on investment. Unfortunately, there are no officially registered venture capital funds in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the venture capital funds to operate, it is necessary to adopt regulations governing this area, to create a favorable tax system and introduce a cash basis for VAT calculation for SMEs. The ma...

Some zeta functions which are naturally attached to the locally homogeneous vector bundles over compact locally symmetric spaces of rank one are investigated. We prove that such functions can be expressed in terms of entire functions whose order is not larger than the dimension of the corresponding compact, even-dimensional, locally symmetric space.

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For the benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” gut microbiome, if it exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. and Zhernakova et al. targeted general populations in Belgium and the Netherlands, respectively. Gut microbiota composition correlated with a range of factors including diet, use of medication, red blood cell counts, fecal chromogranin A, and stool consistency. The data give some hints for possible biomarkers of normal gut communities. Science, this issue pp. 560 and 565 Two large-scale studies in Western Europe establish environment-diet-microbe-host interactions. Deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 1135 participants from a Dutch population-based cohort shows relations between the microbiome and 126 exogenous and intrinsic host factors, including 31 intrinsic factors, 12 diseases, 19 drug groups, 4 smoking categories, and 60 dietary factors. These factors collectively explain 18.7% of the variation seen in the interindividual distance of microbial composition. We could associate 110 factors to 125 species and observed that fecal chromogranin A (CgA), a protein secreted by enteroendocrine cells, was exclusively associated with 61 microbial species whose abundance collectively accounted for 53% of microbial composition. Low CgA concentrations were seen in individuals with a more diverse microbiome. These results are an important step toward a better understanding of environment-diet-microbe-host interactions.

Cooking energy is a vital aspect of life for the survival of any household. It is a daily affair since man must eat in order to continue to exist in this planet. Many types of cooking energy exist and households must appropriately choose among them. In making choices, certain factors influence households choice, hence the need for this study. The study examined the determinants of household cooking energy choice in Oyo state, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study. The data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to 130 households. The households were sampled from main areas in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. The result indicated that fuel wood, charcoal, kerosene, gas and electricity were the cooking energy used by households in the study area but kerosene was the most preferred. Kerosene is the cooking energy choice that households find it difficult to do without. The study further revealed that choice of cooking energy is influenced by some factors such as income of households, prevailing weather condition/ season of the year, types of houses/ dwelling place of households, price of cooking energy, nearness to sources and familiarity of household to a cooking energy choice. Households with high income per month often choose gas and electricity and used kerosene as a backup while those with low income per month often choose fuel wood, charcoal and kerosene. The level of satisfaction obtained from kerosene, gas and electricity were high, moderate and very high respectively. It is therefore recommended that government should provide means of increasing the welfare / standard of living of the households in the study area so that they will be able to afford gas and electricity as cooking energy choice. This will therefore protect them against the harmful effects of using charcoal, fuel wood and stove. Government and other stakeholders in power sector should also find permanent solution to the irregular electricity supply in the study area so that households will find its usage more dependable and reliable.

Optimizacija parametara obrade tokarenja s vise kriterija kvalitete uporabom Grey relacijske analize Izvorni znanstveni clanak Optimizacija procesa obrade je neophodna za postizanje vece produktivnosti i visoke kvalitete proizvoda kako bi ostali tržisno konkurentni. Ovaj rad istražuje vise-kriterijsku optimizaciju procesa tokarenja s optimalnom kombinacijom parametara obrade koji osiguravaju minimalnu hrapavost povrsine (Ra) s maksimalnim ucinkom uklanjanja materijala (MRR) uporabom Grey-based Taguchi metode. Razmatrani parametri obrade tokarenjem su brzina rezanja, posmak i dubina rezanja. Primjenom Taguchijevog L9 (3 4 ) ortogonalnog plana provedeno je devet eksperimenata te je koristena Grey relacijska analiza kako bi se rijesio visekriterijski problem optimizacije. Temeljem vrijednosti Grey relacijskog stupnja utvrđene su optimalne razine parametara. Signifikantnost parametara na sveukupne kriterije kvalitete procesa tokarenja ocijenjena je analizom varijance (ANOVA). Optimalne vrijednosti parametara dobivene tijekom istraživanja potvrđene su verifikacijskim eksperimentom. Kljucne rijeci: ANOVA; Grey relacijska analiza; Taguchijeva metoda; tokarenje; visekriterijska optimizacija